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Asia (/ˈeɪʒə/ ^ⓘ AY-zhə, UK also /ˈeɪʃə/ AY-shə) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometres, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the human population, was the site of many of the first civilisations. Its 4.7 billion people constitute roughly 60% of the world's population.

Asia shares the landmass of Eurasia with Europe, and of Afro-Eurasia with both Europe and Africa. In general terms, it is bounded on the east by the Pacific Ocean, on the south by the Indian Ocean, and on the north by the Arctic Ocean. The border of Asia with Europe is a historical and cultural construct, as there is no clear physical and geographical separation between them. A commonly accepted division places Asia to the east of the Suez Canal separating it from Africa; and to the east of the Turkish straits, the Ural Mountains and Ural River, and to the south of the Caucasus Mountains and the Caspian and Black seas, separating it from Europe.

Since the concept of Asia derives from the term for the eastern region from a European perspective, Asia is the remaining vast area of Eurasia minus Europe. Therefore, Asia is a region where various independent cultures coexist rather than sharing a single culture, and the boundary between Europe is somewhat arbitrary and has moved since its first conception in classical antiquity. The division of Eurasia into two continents reflects East–West cultural differences, some of which vary on a spectrum. (Full article...)

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Givati Parking Lot dig

The Acra (also spelled Akra, from Ancient Greek: Ἄκρα, Hebrew: חקרא ,חקרה Ḥaqra(h)), with the meaning of "stronghold" (see under "Etymology"), was a place in Jerusalem thought to have had a fortified compound built by Antiochus Epiphanes, ruler of the Seleucid Empire, following his sack of the city in 168 BCE. The name Acra was also used at a later time for a city quarter probably associated with the by-then destroyed fortress, known in his time to Josephus (1st century CE) as both Acra and "the lower city". The fortress played a significant role in the events surrounding the Maccabean Revolt, which resulted in the formation of the Hasmonean Kingdom. The "upper city" was captured by Judas Maccabeus, with the Seleucid garrison taking refuge in the "Acra" below, and the task of destroying this last enemy stronghold inside Jerusalem fell to Simon Maccabeus surnamed Thassi. Knowledge about the Acra is based almost exclusively on the writings of Josephus, which are of a later date, and on the First and Second Books of Maccabees, which were written not long after the described events.

The exact location of Acra within Jerusalem, and even the meaning of the term—fortress, fortified compound inside the city, or compound with an associated fortress—is critical to understanding Hellenistic Jerusalem, but it remains a matter of ongoing discussion. The fact that Josephus has used the name interchangeably with 'the lower city' certainly does not help. Historians and archaeologists have proposed various sites around Jerusalem, relying initially mainly on conclusions drawn from literary evidence. This approach began to change in the light of excavations which commenced in the late 1960s. New discoveries have prompted reassessments of the ancient literary sources, Jerusalem's geography, and previously discovered artifacts. The more recent theories combine archaeological and textual evidence and favour locations near the Temple Mount and south of it, but there are alternative theories as well (see "Location"). (Full article...)

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Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. A federal constitutional monarchy, it consists of 13 states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two regions: Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo's East Malaysia. Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime border with Thailand and maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, and Indonesia. East Malaysia shares land borders with Brunei and Indonesia, as well as a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam. Kuala Lumpur is the national capital, the country's largest city, and the seat of the legislative branch of the federal government.

Putrajaya is the federal administrative capital, which represents the seat of both the executive branch (the Cabinet, federal ministries, and federal agencies) and the judicial branch of the federal government. With a population of over 34 million, the country is the world's 42nd-most populous country. Malaysia is tropical and is one of 17 megadiverse countries; it is home to numerous endemic species. Tanjung Piai in the Malaysian state of Johor is the southernmost point of continental Eurasia. (Full article...)

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Featured biography

Muhammad I (red tunic and shield) depicted leading his troops during the Mudéjar revolt of 1264–1266 in the Cantigas de Santa Maria

Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Yusuf ibn Nasr (Arabic: أبو عبد الله محمد بن يوسف بن نصر, romanized: Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf ibn Naṣr; c. 1195 – 22 January 1273), also known as Ibn al-Ahmar (ابن الأحمر, lit. 'Son of the Red') and by his honorific al-Ghalib billah (الغالب بالله, lit. 'The Victor by the Grace of God'), was the first ruler of the Emirate of Granada, the last independent Muslim state on the Iberian Peninsula, and the founder of its ruling Nasrid dynasty. He lived during a time when Iberia's Christian kingdoms—especially Portugal, Castile and Aragon—were expanding at the expense of the Islamic territory in Iberia, called Al-Andalus. Muhammad ibn Yusuf took power in his native Arjona in 1232 when he rebelled against the de facto leader of Al-Andalus, Ibn Hud. During this rebellion, he was able to take control of Córdoba and Seville briefly, before he lost both cities to Ibn Hud. Forced to acknowledge Ibn Hud's suzerainty, Muhammad was able to retain Arjona and Jaén. In 1236, he betrayed Ibn Hud by helping Ferdinand III of Castile take Córdoba. In the years that followed, Muhammad was able to gain control over southern cities, including Granada (1237), Almería (1238), and Málaga (1239). In 1244, he lost Arjona to Castile. Two years later, in 1246, he agreed to surrender Jaén and accept Ferdinand's overlordship in exchange for a 20-year truce.

In the 18 years that followed, Muhammad consolidated his domain by maintaining relatively peaceful relations with the Crown of Castile; in 1248; he even helped the Christian kingdom take Seville from the Muslims. But in 1264, he turned against Castile and assisted in the unsuccessful rebellion of Castile's newly conquered Muslim subjects. In 1266 his allies in Málaga, the Banu Ashqilula, rebelled against the emirate. When these former allies sought assistance from Alfonso X of Castile, Muhammad was able to convince the leader of the Castilian troops, Nuño González de Lara, to turn against Alfonso. By 1272 Nuño González was actively fighting Castile. The emirate's conflict with Castile and the Banu Ashqilula was still unresolved in 1273 when Muhammad died after falling off his horse. He was succeeded by his son, Muhammad II. (Full article...)

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General images

The following are images from various Asia-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1The Grand Mosque in Kuwait City, one of the largest mosques in the region (from Culture of Asia)
Image 2Gojong (1852–1919), the 26th king of Joseon dynasty and the first emperor of Korean Empire. (from History of Asia)
Image 3The Silk Road in Asia (from History of Asia)
Image 4Battle of Talas between Tang dynasty and Abbasid Caliphate c. 751 (from History of Asia)
Image 5Hinduism expansion in Asia, from its heartland in Indian Subcontinent, to the rest of Asia, especially Southeast Asia, started circa 1st century marked with the establishment of early Hindu settlements and polities in Southeast Asia. (from History of Asia)
Image 6The Syriac Orthodox Saint Ahoadamah Church was a 7th-century church building in the city of Tikrit, one of the oldest in the world until its destruction by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant on 25 September 2014. (from Culture of Asia)
Image 7Daian-ji temple at Nara, Japan (from Culture of Asia)
Image 8Machiya in Heian period (from History of Asia)
Image 9Map of Asia (from Culture of Asia)
Image 10Borobudur, a Buddhist temple in Indonesia (from Culture of Asia)
Image 11Angkor Wat, Khmer Empire (from Culture of Asia)
Image 12British troops taking Zhenjiang from Qing troops (from History of Asia)
Image 13Political cartoon depicting the Afghan Emir Sher Ali with the rival "friends" the Russian Bear and British Lion (1878) (from History of Asia)
Image 14Gyeonghoeru of Gyeongbokgung, the Joseon dynasty's royal palace. (from History of Asia)
Image 15Dome of the Rock, an Islamic shrine in Jerusalem. (from Culture of Asia)
Image 16Đại Việt, Champa, Angkor Empire and their neighbours, late 13th century (from History of Asia)
Image 17Language families in South Asia (from Culture of Asia)
Image 18The Hindu-Buddhist temple of Angkor Wat. (from History of Asia)
Image 19Political map of Asia in 1860 (from History of Asia)
Image 20Projected shares of global GDP by region to 2050 (from Asian Century)
Image 21The early Muslim conquests, 622–750 (from History of Asia)
Image 22The Russian Znamensky Cathedral in Tyumen built in 1768 (from Culture of Asia)
Image 23Population concentration and boundaries of the Western Zhou dynasty in China (from History of Asia)
Image 24Korean peninsula in 476 AD. There are three kingdoms and Gaya Union in the picture. This picture shows the heyday of Goguryeo (from History of Asia)
Image 25The Taipei 101 skyscraper in Taipei, Taiwan, which was the tallest building in the world from 2004 to 2010 (from Asian Century)
Image 26Byzantine and Sassanian Empires in 600 AD (from History of Asia)
Image 27The third Inter-Korean Summit, which was held in 2018, between South Korean president Moon Jae-in and North Korean supreme leader Kim Jong Un. It was a historical event that symbolized the peace of Asia. (from History of Asia)
Image 28Daily life of people from the Song period at the capital, Bianjing, today's Kaifeng (from History of Asia)
Image 29The Han dynasty and main polities in Asia c. 200 BC (from History of Asia)
Image 30A view of the Fort St George in 18th-century Madras. (from History of Asia)
Image 31The global contribution to world's GDP by major economies from 1 AD to 2003 AD according to Angus Maddison's estimates. Before 18th century, China and India were the two largest economies by GDP output. (from Asian Century)
Image 32The Great Wall of China at Jinshanling (from Culture of Asia)
Image 33Map of Asia for early 20th century (from History of Asia)
Image 34the Goryeo ware, which shows splendid culture of Goryeo in mediaeval Korea. (from History of Asia)
Image 35Ancient ziggurat, Iraq (from Culture of Asia)
Image 36A Confucian ritual ceremony in Jeju, South Korea (from Culture of Asia)
Image 37Sculpture of Prince Shōtoku (from History of Asia)
Image 38Traditional Rajasthani garments from Jaipur, Rajasthan (from Culture of Asia)
Image 39The First Persian Empire at its greatest extent, c. 500 BC (from History of Asia)
Image 40Kabsa also called Majboos, famous in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Bahrain, and United Arab Emirates (from Culture of Asia)
Image 41The Great Wave off Kanagawa, c. 1830 by Hokusai, an example of art flourishing in the Edo Period (from History of Asia)
Image 42A typical example of Dravidian architecture (from Culture of Asia)
Image 43Deoksugung, the palace where Emperor Gojong established Korean Empire. (from History of Asia)
Image 44Detail of the Dragon Throne used by the Qianlong Emperor of China, Forbidden City, Qing dynasty. Artifact circulating in U.S. museums on loan from Beijing (from Culture of Asia)
Image 45The Qing Empire in 1832. (from History of Asia)
Image 46Chicken tikka, a well-known dish across the globe, reflects the South Asian cooking style. (from Culture of Asia)
Image 47The Song dynasty and main polities in Asia c. 1200 (from History of Asia)
Image 48Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jeruslam (from Culture of Asia)
Image 49The Delhi Sultanate. (from History of Asia)
Image 50Here a Jesuit, Adam Schall von Bell (1592–1666), is dressed as an official of the Chinese Department of Astronomy. (from History of Asia)
Image 51East Asian cultural sphere (from Culture of Asia)
Image 52Badshahi Mosque built under the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb in Lahore, Pakistan (from Culture of Asia)
Image 53Robert Clive and Mir Jafar after the Battle of Plassey, 1757 by Francis Hayman (from History of Asia)
Image 54Tang dynasty Chinese poet Li Bai, in a 13th-century depiction by Liang Kai (from Culture of Asia)
Image 55Invasions, destruction and possible population movements during the Late Bronze Age collapse, beginning c. 1200 BC (from History of Asia)
Image 56Map of Vietnam showing the conquest of the south (the Nam tiến, 1069–1757). (from History of Asia)
Image 57Balhae in the north, Later Silla in the south (from History of Asia)
Image 58Indonesian Balinese cuisine (from Culture of Asia)
Image 59A stone image of the Buddha (from Culture of Asia)
Image 60India's middle-class population of 300 million is growing at an annual rate of 5%. Shown here is an upmarket area in South Mumbai. (from Asian Century)
Image 61Philippine cuisine (from Culture of Asia)
Image 62Some henges at Göbekli Tepe in Turkey were erected as far back as 9600 BC, predating those of Stonehenge, by over seven millennia. (from History of Asia)
Image 63Detail of Chinese silk from the 4th century BCE. The characteristic trade of silk through the Silk Road connected various regions from China, India, Central Asia, and the Middle East to Europe and Africa. (from History of Asia)
Image 64The Taj Mahal, Agra, India (from Culture of Asia)
Image 65Eunpyeong Hanok Village in Seoul, South Korea (from Culture of Asia)
Image 66Map of Marco Polo's travels (from History of Asia)
Image 67Sun temple at Konarka, Odisha, India (from Culture of Asia)
Image 68The Qing conquest of the Ming and expansion of the empire (from History of Asia)
Image 69The Mughal ambassador Khan’Alam in 1618 negotiating with Shah Abbas the Great of Iran. (from History of Asia)

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Nizwa Fort

Credit: Martin Falbisoner

The Nizwa Fort is a large castle in Nizwa, Oman. It was built in the 1650s by the second Ya’rubi; Imam Sultan Bin Saif Al Ya'rubi, although its underlying structure goes back to the 12th century. It is Oman's most visited national monument. In this particular photograph, The minaret of Friday Mosque is seen from Nizwa Fort.

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Did you know...

... that five of the six people killed in the 2011 Cullman–Arab tornado were members of the same family?
... that Elham Mahamid Ruzin, a blind Muslim Arab, won a silver medal for Israel at the 2024 Paris Paralympics?
... that Angeline Quinto has recorded songs for at least 35 films and television soundtracks in the Philippines?
... that a painting of the Battle of Kejiwan was for a time the most expensive ever made by an Indonesian artist?
... that Sri Lanka's ancient tank cascade system of irrigation reservoirs creates habitats for the island's elephants?
... that the French Jesuit priest and archaeologist René Mouterde contributed to the documentation of 3,405 Greek and Latin inscriptions from Lebanon, Jordan, and Syria?
... that the Hong Kong–based holding company now known as Nan Nan Resources went by three different names in 2011?
... that almost half of the invasive species in the United Arab Emirates are birds?
... that Libyan Jews and Arabs traded and bartered with each other at the fence of the Giado concentration camp?
... that the cherry blossom was used symbolically in Japanese World War II propaganda, with falling petals representing "young soldiers' sacrifice for the emperor"?

Updated: 21:05, 31 March 2025

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In the news

1 April 2025 –: 33 people are injured after a gas pipeline owned by Petronas explodes and ignites a fire in Putra Heights, Selangor, Malaysia. (CNA)
31 March 2025 – Middle Eastern crisis: The Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Navy seizes two foreign oil tankers in the Persian Gulf and is towing the vessels to the country’s Bushehr port, claiming they are part of a "fuel smuggling network". It is currently unknown what countries the vessels belong to. (Al Arabiya)
31 March 2025 –: Japanese restaurant chain Sukiya orders the temporary closure of almost all of its nearly 2,000 locations in the country after finding a rat and a cockroach in its food. (AP) (CBS News)
31 March 2025 – 2025 Myanmar earthquake: The State Administration Council declares a period of national mourning in Myanmar to last until April 6 as the death toll from the earthquake last week rises to over 3,050 people. (AFP via Barron's)
31 March 2025 – Australia–North Korea relations: The Royal Australian Air Force deploys a long-range maritime patrol aircraft P-8 Poseidon to Kadena Air Base in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, to monitor illegal North Korean maritime activities in the Yellow Sea, including weapons shipments prohibited under international sanctions. (NK News)
31 March 2025 – Brazil–Syria relations: Brazilian police arrest a Syrian consulate employee in Brazil after discovering over 600 smuggled electronic devices and other luxury goods valued at over US$700,000 in his diplomatic vehicle during a highway inspection in Ponta Porã. (G1)