Portal:Finland

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Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, opposite Estonia. Finland has a population of 5.6 million, the majority being ethnic Finns. Its capital and largest city is Helsinki. The official languages are Finnish and Swedish, the mother tongues of 84.1 percent and 5.1 percent of the population, respectively. Finland's climate varies from humid continental in the south to boreal in the north. Its land is predominantly covered by boreal forest, with over 180,000 recorded lakes.

Finland was first settled around 9000 BC after the last Ice Age. During the Stone Age, various cultures emerged, distinguished by different styles of ceramics. The Bronze Age and Iron Ages were marked by contacts with other cultures in Fennoscandia and the Baltic region. From the late 13th century, Finland became part of Sweden following the Northern Crusades. In 1809, as a result of the Finnish War, Finland was captured from Sweden and became an autonomous grand duchy within the Russian Empire. During this period, Finnish art flourished and an independence movement gradually developed. Finland became the first country in Europe to grant universal suffrage in 1906, and the first in the world to give all adult citizens the right to run for public office. (Full article...)

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Kone- ja Siltarakennus Oy ("Kone ja Silta"; Swedish: Maskin- och Brobyggnads Ab; "Maskin o. Bro") is a Finnish former engineering company based in Sörnäinen, Helsinki.

The 1892 founded company grew heavily in the 1920s and 1930s by acquiring Finnish engineering companies; the products were ships, steel bridges, weighing scales, separators and other machinery. The company's separators were produced under brands Lacta and Milka and they were also produced in Sweden, Denmark and France. By the early 1930s Kone ja Silta held virtually the whole Finnish shipbuilding industry. (Full article...)

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Photo credit: Christopher Batt
Juuso Pykälistö in his Peugeot 206 WRC during the 2003 Swedish Rally.

Did you know (auto-generated)

... that the United States severed diplomatic ties with Finland in 1944 because of a personal letter sent to Hitler?
... that Turku remained the largest city in Finland after three quarters of it burned down?
... that Finland won its first Olympic ice hockey medal under the leadership of Kai Hietarinta?
... that Joe Wirkkunen coached the Finland men's national ice hockey team after receiving a recommendation from Canada?
... that Kimmo Leinonen helped establish both the Finnish Hockey Hall of Fame and the IIHF Hall of Fame?
... that Sodankylä Old Church is one of the oldest preserved wooden churches in Finland?

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You are invited to participate in Finland WikiProject, a WikiProject dedicated to developing and improving articles about Finland.

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...that the Finnish Communist leader Arvo Tuominen broke with the Soviet Union during the Winter War and ordered the Finnish Communists not to assist the Red Army?
...that mobile phone throwing is an international sport in which thrown mobile phones are judged by the distance and choreographics of the throw?
...that the self-taught weapon designer Aimo Lahti designed over 50 weapons of all types prior to and during World War II, including the successful Suomi M-31?
...that Norse sagas record some Finnish campaigns against Sweden in the mid-8th century?
...that Larin Paraske, a Finnish oral poet, could recite over 32,000 verses of poetry?

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Sondhi speaking at a mass rally, February 2006

In Thai politics, the Finland Plot, Finland Plan, Finland Strategy, Finland Conspiracy or Finland Declaration (Thai: แผนฟินแลนด์, ยุทธศาสตร์ฟินแลนด์, ปฏิญญาฟินแลนด์, Finnish: Suomi-salaliitto, Suomi-suunnitelma, Suomi-strategia) are names of a controversial conspiracy theory espoused by Sondhi Limthongkul and supporters affiliated with the People's Alliance for Democracy (PAD) in 2006 describing a plot allegedly developed by Thai Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra and former left-wing student leaders to overthrow the former Thai monarch, take control of the nation, and establish a communist state. The plot allegedly originated in Finland.

The allegations damaged the popularity of Thaksin and his government, despite the fact that no evidence was ever produced to verify the existence of a plot. Thaksin and his Thai Rak Thai (TRT) party vehemently denied the accusations and sued the accusers. The leaders of the 2006 military coup claimed Thaksin's alleged disloyalty as one of their rationales for seizing power. (Full article...)

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General images

The following are images from various Finland-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Map of Finnish areas ceded to the Soviet Union in 1944, after the Continuation War (from History of Finland)
Image 2Karjalanpiirakka, a traditional Finnish pastry (from Culture of Finland)
Image 3The ruins of Vammala burned by the Reds, during the Civil war (from History of Finland)
Image 4Kreeta Haapasalo Playing the Kantele in a Peasant Cottage (1868), by Robert Wilhelm Ekman (from History of Finland)
Image 5Linus Torvalds, a famous Fennoswede software engineer, best known for initiating the development of the Linux kernel (from Culture of Finland)
Image 6Students on Helsinki's Esplanadi wearing their caps on Vappu (from Culture of Finland)
Image 7This 1825 map of the Grand Duchy of Finland is from a larger work, geographical atlas of the Russian Empire. (from History of Finland)
Image 8The Finnish composer Jean Sibelius (1865–1957), a significant figure in the history of classical music (from Culture of Finland)
Image 9Wehrmacht soldiers with a local Sámi reindeer herder, Lappland, Sodankylä, Finland 1942 (from History of Finland)
Image 10Finnish folk dancers in a 1907 postcard sent from Mustamäki, Finland (from Culture of Finland)
Image 11People gathered in the Senate Square for a demonstration against the February Manifesto in March 1899. (from History of Finland)
Image 12Stone Age dwelling named Kierikki 5000–3000 BC (from History of Finland)
Image 13Jean Sibelius at work in his study (from History of Finland)
Image 14President K. J. Ståhlberg in his office in 1919 (from History of Finland)
Image 15Eero Järnefelt, Burning the Brushwood, 1893 (from History of Finland)
Image 16Kalmar Union in 1400s (from History of Finland)
Image 17Jussipaita (transl. Jussi sweater); a traditional sweater from the Finnish region of Southern Ostrobothnia (from Culture of Finland)
Image 18Kastelli Giant's Church in Pattijoki by Pöljä culture [fi] (from History of Finland)
Image 19Painting of Lalli killing Henry. Painting by C. A. Ekman. (from History of Finland)
Image 20Turku Cathedral and its surroundings from 1814 (from History of Finland)
Image 21(1809 Diet of Porvoo) The sovereign's pledge, printed in Finnish (from History of Finland)
Image 22Signing the Helsinki Accords are the West German Chancellor Helmut Schmidt, East Germany's leader Erich Honecker, US president Gerald Ford and the Austrian chancellor Bruno Kreisky (from History of Finland)
Image 23Imagery collage of Birger Jarl conquering Häme and the construction of Häme Castle (from History of Finland)
Image 24Paavo Nurmi at the 1920 Summer Olympics (from Culture of Finland)
Image 25Winter War Monument in Suomussalmi, Kainuu, Finland (from History of Finland)
Image 26Lapua Movement supporters beating the "red officer" Eino Nieminen [fi] in front of the Vaasa courthouse during the 4 June 1930 riot. (from History of Finland)
Image 27Helsinki Accords Treaty (from History of Finland)
Image 28Sámi family in traditional costumes from Finland. (from Culture of Finland)
Image 29Prehistoric red ochre painted rock art of moose, human figures, and boats in Astuvansalmi, Finland, from ca. 3800–2200 BC (from Culture of Finland)
Image 30Finland Ostrobothnia regiment uniforms in 1705 (from History of Finland)
Image 31Homann's map of the Scandinavian Peninsula and Fennoscandia with their surrounding territories: northern Germany, northern Poland, the Baltic region, Livonia, Belarus, and parts of Northwest Russia. Johann Baptist Homann (1664–1724) was a German geographer and cartographer; map dated around 1730. (from History of Finland)
Image 32Stone Age stone axe engraved with human face found from Kiuruvesi. (from History of Finland)
Image 33A summer cottage (mökki) on a lake island (from Culture of Finland)
Image 34An old drawing of the city of Turku in the 18th century (from History of Finland)
Image 35Identification document and tag of a Finnish war child (from History of Finland)
Image 36The decision of the Soviet of the People's Comissars' to recognise Finnish independence, signed by Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Grigory Petrovsky, Joseph Stalin, Isaac Steinberg, Vladimir Karelin, and Alexander Schlichter (from History of Finland)
Image 37Captain Aarne Juutilainen at the front at Kollaa during the Winter War (from History of Finland)
Image 38In the middle is the patron saint of Finland, Saint Henry, on the right side of him is Bishop Konrad Bitz and on the left is Dean Magnus Stjernkors; from Missale Aboense (1488) (from History of Finland)
Image 39Marshal of Finland Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim visit in Germany, 1942 (from History of Finland)
Image 40Finnish Guards' Rifle Battalion, 1850s (from History of Finland)
Image 41Portrait of Finnish poet Elias Lönnrot who wrote "the Kalevala" (1802 - 1884) (from History of Finland)
Image 42A group of Finnish soldiers operating a Bofors gun during the Continuation War in 1943 (from History of Finland)
Image 43A view of Pohjoisesplanadi in the center of Helsinki in 1891 (from History of Finland)
Image 44A smoke sauna (savusauna) in Enonkoski (from Culture of Finland)
Image 45A peasant girl and a woman in traditional dress from Ruokolahti, eastern Finland, as depicted by Severin Falkman in 1882 (from Culture of Finland)
Image 46Badge of the Finnish White/Civil Guard (from History of Finland)
Image 47Grand Duchy of Finland, 75 kopek assignat (1824) (from History of Finland)
Image 48In 2011 figure skater Kiira Korpi was ranked 4th in the world. (from Culture of Finland)
Image 49Battle of Valkeala was part of the Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790). (from History of Finland)
Image 50Midsummer bonfire (kokko) in Mäntsälä (from Culture of Finland)
Image 51Alvar Aalto, Viipuri Library (1927–35) (from Culture of Finland)
Image 52Memorial of the Mannerheim Cross Knights of Parikkala, Finland (from History of Finland)
Image 53The area controlled by Finland at its largest, in 1942 (from History of Finland)
Image 54The area of Finland in the years 1920–1940. The 1935 county and municipality division on the map. (from History of Finland)
Image 552007 Formula One World Champion Kimi Räikkönen celebrating victory at the 2007 Brazilian Grand Prix (from Culture of Finland)
Image 56Pekka Halonen's painting "against persecutors" from 1896 depicts the warfare of the ancient Finns. (from History of Finland)
Image 57The first government of independent Finland. P. E. Svinhufvud, the first Prime Minister of Finland, sitting at the head of the table. (from History of Finland)
Image 58Apocalyptica's Perttu Kivilaakso playing metal music live (from Culture of Finland)
Image 59A reconstruction of a 12th-century Perniö costume (from History of Finland)
Image 60Mikael Agricola hands over the Finnish Translation of the New Testament to King Gustav Wasa. (from History of Finland)
Image 61The Finno-Soviet Treaty (from History of Finland)
Image 62In the sauna, by Pekka Halonen, 1925 (from Culture of Finland)
Image 63Northern Europe in 814 (from History of Finland)
Image 64The Swedish empire at its largest. Most of present-day Finland was part of Sweden proper, rike, shown in dark green. (from History of Finland)
Image 65Janne Ahonen is considered one of the best and most successful currently active ski jumpers. (from Culture of Finland)
Image 66S/S Urania in Hanko harbor in 1893, with 509 emigrants on board on their way to America (from History of Finland)
Image 67Pieces of the Antrea Net (8,300 BC), the oldest-known fishing net in the world. (from History of Finland)
Image 68Erkki Karu, one of the pioneers of the Finnish cinema, with cinematographer Eino Kari in 1927 (from Culture of Finland)
Image 69Battle of Gangut (Hanko) was part of the Great Northern War during 1700–1721. (from History of Finland)
Image 70President Urho Kekkonen's funeral procession in 1986 (from History of Finland)
Image 71Ancylus Lake covered major part of Finland (7,500–6,000 BC) (from History of Finland)
Image 72The public education system founded during earlier Swedish rule resulted the literacy of Grand Duchy of Finland being higher than its host country Russian Empire (map of 1897 census literacy data) (from History of Finland)
Image 73Three Finnish Romani women in Helsinki, Finland, in 1930s (from Culture of Finland)
Image 74A triptych by Akseli Gallen-Kallela, depicting the Aino Story of Kalevala on three panes (from Culture of Finland)
Image 75The part of Finland controlled by the Reds at its largest in February–March 1918 (from History of Finland)
Image 76Women in sauna with Vihtas
Image 77Women dressed in Finnish folk costumes (from Culture of Finland)

In the news

3 July 2025 –: Four people are injured in a mass stabbing attack by a man near a shopping mall in Tampere, Finland. (Reuters)
19 June 2025 –: The Finnish Parliament votes 155–18 to withdraw from the Ottawa Treaty, which bans the use of anti-personnel mines, citing the threat Russia poses to its national security. (Reuters) (Helsingin Sanomat)
21 May 2025 – Foreign relations of Israel: More than a dozen governments condemn the Israeli military firing in the direction of a diplomatic delegation with representatives from 31 countries including Belgium, Canada, China, Denmark, Egypt, the European Union, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Jordan, the Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and Uruguay. (The Guardian) (Al Jazeera)
20 May 2025 –: Three students are injured in a mass stabbing attack at a school in Pirkkala, Pirkanmaa, Finland. The suspect, a 16-year-old, released a manifesto saying his target was women. (Yle)
17 May 2025 –: Five people, including Estonian businessmen Oleg Sõnajalg and Priit Jaagant, are killed when two Robinson R44 civilian helicopters en route to Piikajärvi Airfield collide mid-air and crash into the ground in a forested area near Eura, Satakunta, Finland. (Eesti Rahvusringhääling)

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