Portal:Finland

The Finland Portal

Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, opposite Estonia. Finland has a population of 5.6 million. Its capital and largest city is Helsinki. The majority of the population are ethnic Finns. The official languages are Finnish and Swedish; 84.1 percent of the population speak the first as their mother tongue and 5.1 percent the latter. Finland's climate varies from humid continental in the south to boreal in the north. The land cover is predominantly boreal forest biome, with more than 180,000 recorded lakes.

Finland was first settled around 9000 BC after the last Ice Age. During the Stone Age, various cultures emerged, distinguished by different styles of ceramics. The Bronze Age and Iron Ages were marked by contacts with other cultures in Fennoscandia and the Baltic region. From the late 13th century, Finland became part of Sweden as a result of the Northern Crusades. In 1809, as a result of the Finnish War, Finland was captured from Sweden and became an autonomous grand duchy within the Russian Empire. During this period, Finnish art flourished and the independence movement began to take hold. Finland became the first territory in Europe to grant universal suffrage in 1906, and the first in the world to give all adult citizens the right to run for public office. Following the Russian Revolution of 1917, Finland declared its independence. A civil war was fought in Finland the following year, with the Whites emerging victorious. Finland's status as a republic was confirmed in 1919. During World War II, Finland fought against the Soviet Union in the Winter War and the Continuation War, and later against Nazi Germany in the Lapland War. As a result, it lost parts of its territory to the Soviet Union but retained its independence and democracy. (Full article...)

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Nokia Corporation is a Finnish multinational telecommunications, information technology, and consumer electronics corporation, originally established as a pulp mill in 1865. Nokia's main headquarters are in Espoo, Finland, in the Helsinki metropolitan area, but the company's actual roots are in the Tampere region of Pirkanmaa. In 2020, Nokia employed approximately 92,000 people across over 100 countries, did business in more than 130 countries, and reported annual revenues of around €23 billion. Nokia is a public limited company listed on the Nasdaq Helsinki and New York Stock Exchange. It was the world's 415th-largest company measured by 2016 revenues, according to the Fortune Global 500, having peaked at 85th place in 2009. It is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index.

The company has operated in various industries over the past 150 years. It was founded as a pulp mill and had long been associated with rubber and cables, but since the 1990s has focused on large-scale telecommunications infrastructure, technology development, and licensing. Nokia made significant contributions to the mobile telephony industry, assisting in the development of the GSM, 3G, and LTE standards. For a decade beginning in 1998, Nokia was the largest worldwide vendor of mobile phones and smartphones. In the later 2000s, however, Nokia suffered from a series of poor management decisions and soon saw its share of the mobile phone market drop sharply. (Full article...)

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Snow-covered landscape in Isokuru, Pyhä-Luosto National Park.

Did you know (auto-generated)

... that Kaija Saariaho's 2021 opera Innocence includes traditional Finnish cow-herding calls?
... that the filmmakers of 100 Litres of Gold brewed 20 litres of sahti at the Finnish embassy in Rome for its premiere?
... that Kimmo Leinonen helped establish both the Finnish Hockey Hall of Fame and the IIHF Hall of Fame?
... that a song about an esports team went viral in Finland?
... that among the fossils of Finland are the remains of a woolly mammoth and a woolly rhinoceros?
... that the United States severed diplomatic ties with Finland in 1944 because of a personal letter sent to Hitler?

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You are invited to participate in Finland WikiProject, a WikiProject dedicated to developing and improving articles about Finland.

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...that the prototypes for the WW II German U-boat fleet (Type II pictured) were designed by a Dutch company and built in Finland at the Crichton-Vulcan shipyard?
...that while repelling Soviet advances across the frozen Lake Suvanto, Finland managed to capture 12 anti-tank guns, 140 machine guns, 200 light machine guns and 1500 rifles in the Battle of Kelja in 1939?
...that Major Carl Mothander, the leader of Swedish volunteers in the Estonian War of Independence, later wrote books on Estonian politics that were banned in Finland?
...that the Korpela movement was a short-lived cult during the 1930s in Northern Sweden and Finland whose controversial sexual rituals eventually led to the arrest of 60 followers?
...that in 1745, Daniel Juslenius, a Finnish Fennoman, finished the first formal Finnish dictionary?

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Valo performing with Agents in 2019

Ville Hermanni Valo (pronounced [ˈʋilːe ˈʋɑlo] ^ⓘ; born 22 November 1976) is a Finnish singer, songwriter and musician. He is best known as the lead vocalist of the gothic rock band HIM.

Born and raised in Helsinki to a Hungarian mother and Finnish father, Valo began his career playing bass and drums in various bands around the city. In 1991, he co-founded and became the lead singer and main songwriter of HIM, which would go on to become one of the most successful Finnish bands of all time and the first to receive a gold record in the United States. Outside of HIM, Valo has collaborated with various other bands and artists during his career, including Agents, The 69 Eyes, and Apocalyptica. In 2020, Valo embarked on a solo career under the moniker VV. His debut album Neon Noir was released in 2023. (Full article...)

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General images

The following are images from various Finland-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Women in sauna with Vihtas
Image 2A group of Finnish soldiers operating a Bofors gun during the Continuation War in 1943 (from History of Finland)
Image 3The public education system founded during earlier Swedish rule resulted the literacy of Grand Duchy of Finland being higher than its host country Russian Empire (map of 1897 census literacy data) (from History of Finland)
Image 4The Finnish composer Jean Sibelius (1865–1957), a significant figure in the history of classical music (from Culture of Finland)
Image 5Karjalanpiirakka, a traditional Finnish pastry (from Culture of Finland)
Image 6In 2011 figure skater Kiira Korpi was ranked 4th in the world. (from Culture of Finland)
Image 7Three Finnish Romani women in Helsinki, Finland, in 1930s (from Culture of Finland)
Image 8A triptych by Akseli Gallen-Kallela, depicting the Aino Story of Kalevala on three panes (from Culture of Finland)
Image 9Stone Age dwelling named Kierikki 5000–3000 BC (from History of Finland)
Image 10A peasant girl and a woman in traditional dress from Ruokolahti, eastern Finland, as depicted by Severin Falkman in 1882 (from Culture of Finland)
Image 11In the sauna, by Pekka Halonen, 1925 (from Culture of Finland)
Image 12Kalmar Union in 1400s (from History of Finland)
Image 13Pekka Halonen's painting "against persecutors" from 1896 depicts the warfare of the ancient Finns. (from History of Finland)
Image 14Students on Helsinki's Esplanadi wearing their caps on Vappu (from Culture of Finland)
Image 15Turku Cathedral and its surroundings from 1814 (from History of Finland)
Image 16S/S Urania in Hanko harbor in 1893, with 509 emigrants on board on their way to America (from History of Finland)
Image 17The decision of the Soviet of the People's Comissars' to recognise Finnish independence, signed by Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Grigory Petrovsky, Joseph Stalin, Isaac Steinberg, Vladimir Karelin, and Alexander Schlichter (from History of Finland)
Image 18Homann's map of the Scandinavian Peninsula and Fennoscandia with their surrounding territories: northern Germany, northern Poland, the Baltic region, Livonia, Belarus, and parts of Northwest Russia. Johann Baptist Homann (1664–1724) was a German geographer and cartographer; map dated around 1730. (from History of Finland)
Image 19Stone Age stone axe engraved with human face found from Kiuruvesi. (from History of Finland)
Image 20Map of Finnish areas ceded to the Soviet Union in 1944, after the Continuation War (from History of Finland)
Image 21Alvar Aalto, Viipuri Library (1927–35) (from Culture of Finland)
Image 22Painting of Lalli killing Henry. Painting by C. A. Ekman. (from History of Finland)
Image 23Kastelli Giant's Church in Pattijoki by Pöljä culture [fi] (from History of Finland)
Image 24Northern Europe in 814 (from History of Finland)
Image 25Jussipaita (transl. Jussi sweater); a traditional sweater from the Finnish region of Southern Ostrobothnia (from Culture of Finland)
Image 26In the middle is the patron saint of Finland, Saint Henry, on the right side of him is Bishop Konrad Bitz and on the left is Dean Magnus Stjernkors; from Missale Aboense (1488) (from History of Finland)
Image 27President Urho Kekkonen's funeral procession in 1986 (from History of Finland)
Image 28Captain Aarne Juutilainen at the front at Kollaa during the Winter War (from History of Finland)
Image 29A view of Pohjoisesplanadi in the center of Helsinki in 1891 (from History of Finland)
Image 30Paavo Nurmi at the 1920 Summer Olympics (from Culture of Finland)
Image 31Battle of Valkeala was part of the Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790). (from History of Finland)
Image 32Winter War Monument in Suomussalmi, Kainuu, Finland (from History of Finland)
Image 33Memorial of the Mannerheim Cross Knights of Parikkala, Finland (from History of Finland)
Image 34This 1825 map of the Grand Duchy of Finland is from a larger work, geographical atlas of the Russian Empire. (from History of Finland)
Image 35The area of Finland in the years 1920–1940. The 1935 county and municipality division on the map. (from History of Finland)
Image 36Finland Ostrobothnia regiment uniforms in 1705 (from History of Finland)
Image 37Helsinki Accords Treaty (from History of Finland)
Image 38Janne Ahonen is considered one of the best and most successful currently active ski jumpers. (from Culture of Finland)
Image 39Lapua Movement supporters beating the "red officer" Eino Nieminen [fi] in front of the Vaasa courthouse during the 4 June 1930 riot. (from History of Finland)
Image 40Signing the Helsinki Accords are the West German Chancellor Helmut Schmidt, East Germany's leader Erich Honecker, US president Gerald Ford and the Austrian chancellor Bruno Kreisky (from History of Finland)
Image 41The first government of independent Finland. P. E. Svinhufvud, the first Prime Minister of Finland, sitting at the head of the table. (from History of Finland)
Image 42The area controlled by Finland at its largest, in 1942 (from History of Finland)
Image 43People gathered in the Senate Square for a demonstration against the February Manifesto in March 1899. (from History of Finland)
Image 44Kreeta Haapasalo Playing the Kantele in a Peasant Cottage (1868), by Robert Wilhelm Ekman (from History of Finland)
Image 45(1809 Diet of Porvoo) The sovereign's pledge, printed in Finnish (from History of Finland)
Image 46Imagery collage of Birger Jarl conquering Häme and the construction of Häme Castle (from History of Finland)
Image 47Ancylus Lake covered major part of Finland (7,500–6,000 BC) (from History of Finland)
Image 482007 Formula One World Champion Kimi Räikkönen celebrating victory at the 2007 Brazilian Grand Prix (from Culture of Finland)
Image 49Prehistoric red ochre painted rock art of moose, human figures, and boats in Astuvansalmi, Finland, from ca. 3800–2200 BC (from Culture of Finland)
Image 50Jean Sibelius at work in his study (from History of Finland)
Image 51Wehrmacht soldiers with a local Sámi reindeer herder, Lappland, Sodankylä, Finland 1942 (from History of Finland)
Image 52Sámi family in traditional costumes from Finland. (from Culture of Finland)
Image 53The Finno-Soviet Treaty (from History of Finland)
Image 54An old drawing of the city of Turku in the 18th century (from History of Finland)
Image 55Erkki Karu, one of the pioneers of the Finnish cinema, with cinematographer Eino Kari in 1927 (from Culture of Finland)
Image 56Identification document and tag of a Finnish war child (from History of Finland)
Image 57A summer cottage (mökki) on a lake island (from Culture of Finland)
Image 58Eero Järnefelt, Burning the Brushwood, 1893 (from History of Finland)
Image 59Badge of the Finnish White/Civil Guard (from History of Finland)
Image 60Apocalyptica's Perttu Kivilaakso playing metal music live (from Culture of Finland)
Image 61Women dressed in Finnish folk costumes (from Culture of Finland)
Image 62Finnish Guards' Rifle Battalion, 1850s (from History of Finland)
Image 63President K. J. Ståhlberg in his office in 1919 (from History of Finland)
Image 64The part of Finland controlled by the Reds at its largest in February–March 1918 (from History of Finland)
Image 65A reconstruction of a 12th-century Perniö costume (from History of Finland)
Image 66Marshal of Finland Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim visit in Germany, 1942 (from History of Finland)
Image 67The ruins of Vammala burned by the Reds, during the Civil war (from History of Finland)
Image 68The Swedish empire at its largest. Most of present-day Finland was part of Sweden proper, rike, shown in dark green. (from History of Finland)
Image 69Battle of Gangut (Hanko) was part of the Great Northern War during 1700–1721. (from History of Finland)
Image 70Finnish folk dancers in a 1907 postcard sent from Mustamäki, Finland (from Culture of Finland)
Image 71Grand Duchy of Finland, 75 kopek assignat (1824) (from History of Finland)
Image 72Mikael Agricola hands over the Finnish Translation of the New Testament to King Gustav Wasa. (from History of Finland)
Image 73Pieces of the Antrea Net (8,300 BC), the oldest-known fishing net in the world. (from History of Finland)
Image 74Portrait of Finnish poet Elias Lönnrot who wrote "the Kalevala" (1802 - 1884) (from History of Finland)
Image 75A smoke sauna (savusauna) in Enonkoski (from Culture of Finland)
Image 76Linus Torvalds, a famous Fennoswede software engineer, best known for initiating the development of the Linux kernel (from Culture of Finland)
Image 77Midsummer bonfire (kokko) in Mäntsälä (from Culture of Finland)

In the news

14 January 2025 – 2024 Baltic Sea submarine cable disruptions, NATO operations: At the Summit of Baltic Sea Allies in Helsinki, Finland, NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte announces the establishment of the Baltic Sentry military mission, which will strengthen the protection of critical infrastructure in the region, such as energy and communication cables, from "destabilizing acts". (NATO News)
3 January 2025 – 2024 Estlink 2 incident: A district court in Helsinki, Finland, denies a request to release the impounded oil tanker Eagle S, suspected of damaging the Estlink 2 submarine power cable and carrying sanctioned Russian oil. (Al Jazeera)
26 December 2024 – 2024 Baltic Sea submarine cable disruptions, Finland–Russia relations: 2024 Estlink 2 incident; Finnish border guards and police detain a Russian vessel suspected of damaging the Estlink-2 submarine power cable yesterday. (AP)
25 December 2024 – 2024 Estlink 2 incident: HVDC submarine power cable Estlink 2, which connects the power grids of Estonia and Finland, suffers an unexplained outage with Finnish Prime Minister Petteri Orpo stating that an investigation into the incident is underway. (AP)
18 November 2024 – 2024 Baltic Sea submarine cable disruptions: The C-Lion1 submarine communications cable across the Baltic Sea between Finland and Germany is damaged in what German officials suspect is sabotage. (The Guardian)

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