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Class of psychoactive drugs
Methylenedioxyphenethylamine (MDPEA)
The substituted methylenedioxyphenethylamines (abbreviated as MDxx ) represent a diverse chemical class of compounds derived from phenethylamines . This category encompasses numerous psychoactive substances with entactogenic , psychedelic , and/or stimulant properties, in addition to entheogens. These compounds find application as research chemicals , designer drugs , and recreational substances.[ 1]
The base compound of the MDxx class is 3,4-methylenedioxyphenethylamine (MDPEA), and the prototypical agent of this class is 3,4-methylenedioxy-N -methylamphetamine (MDMA; "ecstasy"). Other notable MDxx class substances include 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3,4-methylenedioxy-N -ethylamphetamine (MDEA; "Eve"), N -methyl-1,3-benzodioxolylbutanamine (MBDB; "Eden"), and 3,4-methylenedioxy-N -methylcathinone (βk-MDMA; "Methylone").
List of substituted methylenedioxyphenethylamines [ edit ]
The compounds most commonly regarded as comprising the family of MDxx derivatives include:
In addition, there are a number of other compounds that have some structural and pharmacological similarities to the methylenedioxyphenethylamines, and are useful for comparison. These can be broadly divided into (i) compounds where the methylenedioxyphenyl ring is retained but the phenethyl portion is modified, or (ii) compounds which retain the 3,4-cyclised amphetamine core common to the MDxx compounds, but have the 1,3-benzodioxole ring replaced by related heterocycles. In addition to the (i) and (ii) compounds, MDxx compounds are closely related to the other two main phenylethylamine classes, those being substituted amphetamines and substituted cathinones . Like amphetamines and cathinones, MDxx compounds derive most if not all of their stimulant effects from the phenylethylamine core, in fact most MDxx compounds can also be grouped with cathinones and or amphetamines due to having similar functional groups, but in most cases any compound with a methylenedioxy group attached will be grouped as an MDxx compound due to the unique hallucinogenic and empathogenic/entactogenic effects that are not present in most other amphetamines and present to a lesser extent in most cathinones.
^ Trachsel D, Lehmann D, Enzensperger C (2013). Phenethylamine: From Structure to Function . Nachtschatten Verlag AG. ISBN 978-3-03788-700-4 .
^ Dr. Matthias Grill, Novel Safrylamine derivates having prodrug properties. Patent WO 2022/053696
^ Świst M, Wilamowski J, Zuba D, Kochana J, Parczewski A (May 2005). "Determination of synthesis route of 1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-propanone (MDP-2-P) based on impurity profiles of MDMA". Forensic Science International . 149 (2– 3): 181– 92. doi :10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.06.016 . PMID 15749360 .
^ a b c d e Mydecine (5 January 2024). "Novel short-acting psychoactive compounds of the mdma class" . Google Patents . Retrieved 23 October 2024 .
^ "[1-(1-Benzothiophen-5-yl)propan-2-yl](methyl)amine" . PubChem . Retrieved 23 October 2024 .
^ "1-(1-benzothiophen-6-yl)-N-methylpropan-2-amine" . PubChem . Retrieved 23 October 2024 .
^ a b Mydecine (13 June 2023). "Short-acting 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (mdma) analogs incorporating benzothiazole" . Google Patents . Retrieved 23 October 2024 .
^ "1-(1,3-benzothiazol-5-yl)-N-methylpropan-2-amine" . PubChem . Retrieved 23 October 2024 .
^ "1-(1,3-benzothiazol-6-yl)-N-methylpropan-2-amine" . PubChem . Retrieved 23 October 2024 .
^ "1-(1,3-benzoxathiol-5-yl)-N-methylpropan-2-amine" . PubChem . Retrieved 23 October 2024 .
^ "1-(1,3-benzoxathiol-5-yl)-N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine" . PubChem . Retrieved 23 October 2024 .
^ "1-(1,3-benzoxathiol-6-yl)-N-methylpropan-2-amine" . PubChem . Retrieved 23 October 2024 .
No ring subs. 4-Hydroxytryptamines 5-Hydroxytryptamines 5-Methoxytryptamines Other ring subs.
2,N ,N -TMT
4,N ,N -TMT
5-Bromo-DMT
5-N ,N -TMT
7,N ,N -TMT
5-Fluoro-DMT
5-MeO-2,N ,N -TMT
5-MeO-4,N ,N -TMT
6-Fluoro-DMT
Bretisilocin (GM-2505; 5-fluoro-MET)
α-Alkyltryptamines Others
Ergolines /lysergamides (e.g., LSD )
Harmala alkaloids and β-carbolines (e.g., harmine , harmaline )
Iboga alkaloids (e.g., 18-MAC , 18-MC , coronaridine , ibogaine , ibogamine , ME-18-MC , noribogaine , tabernanthine , voacangine )
Ibogalogs (e.g., ibogainalog )
Partial ergolines (e.g., NDTDI , RU-28306 , DEIMDHPCA , CT-5252 )
Piperidinylethylindoles (e.g., Pip-T )
Pyrrolidinylethylindoles (e.g., Pyr-T , 5-MeO-pyr-T )
Pyrrolidinylmethylindoles (e.g., MPMI , 4-HO-MPMI (lucigenol) , 5-MeO-MPMI )
Benzofurans (e.g., 5-MeO-DiBF , dimemebfe (5-MeO-BFE) , mebfap )
Benzothiophenes (e.g., 3-APBT )
Indazoles (e.g., AL-38022A , O -methyl-AL-34662 )
Indenes (e.g., C-DMT )
Isotryptamines (e.g., 6-MeO-isoDMT , Ro60-0175 )
MYCO-005
Quinolinylethylamines (e.g., mefloquine )
Others: 2C-G-x (e.g., 2C-G-3 , 2C-G-5 )
β-Keto-2C-B (βk-2C-B)
β-Keto-2C-I (βk-2C-I)
β-Methyl-2C-B (BMB)
(e.g., BOB , BOD , BOH-2C-B )
(e.g., HOT-2 , HOT-7 , HOT-17 )
N -Ethyl-2C-B
(e.g., 2CD-2-ETO , 2CD-5-ETO , 2CE-5-ETO , 2CE-5iPrO , 2CT2-5-ETO , ASR-2001 (2CB-5PrO) )
Others
2-TOET
2-TOM
25B-NAcPip
4-HA
5-TOET
5-TOM
Benzofurans (e.g., 5-APB , 5-APDB , 6-APB , 6-APDB , F-2 , F-22 )
Benzothiophenes (e.g., 5-APBT , 6-APBT )
DMAs (e.g., 2,4-DMA , 3,4-DMA )
Fenfluramine
MMA (3-MeO-4-MA)
Norfenfluramine
(e.g., 25D-NM-NDEAOP , DOB-NDEPA , DOI-NDEPA , DOM-NDEPA , DOTFM-NDEPA , M-NDEPA , TMA-2-NDEPA )
PMA (4-MA)
(e.g., TMA-3 , TMA-4 , TMA-5 , TMA-6 )
TOMSO
ZDCM-04
1-Aminomethylindanes (e.g., 2CB-Ind , jimscaline )
2-Aminoindanes (e.g., DOM-AI )
2-Aminotetralins (e.g., DOM-AT )
3-Phenylpiperidines (e.g., LPH-5 , LPH-48 )
Benzazepines (e.g., lorcaserin )
Benzocyclobutenes (e.g., 2CBCB-NBOMe , TCB-2 , tomscaline )
Benzoxepins (e.g., BBOX , IBOX , TFMBOX )
DMBMPP (juncosamine)
Ergolines /lysergamides (e.g., LSD )
Glaucine
IHCH-7113
Partial ergolines (e.g., NDTDI , DEIMDHPCA , DEMPDHPCA , DEMTMPDHPCA , DEMNDHPCA )
Phenylcyclopropylamines (e.g., DMCPA , TMT )
Phenylmorpholines (phenmetrazines) (e.g., 2C-B-morpholine )
Phenyloxazolamines (aminorexes ) (e.g., 2C-B-aminorex )
Z3517967757
ZC-B
Others Natural sources
Tryptamines: Acacia spp. (e.g., Acacia acuminata , Acacia confusa )
Ayahuasca and vinho de Jurema (e.g., Psychotria viridis (chacruna) , Dipolopterys cabrerana (chaliponga, chacruna) , Mimosa tenuiflora (Mimosa hostilis ; jurema) )
Brosimum (e.g., Brosimum acutifolium (takini) )
Hallucinogenic snuffs (e.g., Anadenanthera peregrina (yopo, jopo, cohoba, parica, ebene) , Anadenanthera colubrina (vilca, cebil) )
Incilius alvarius (Bufo alvarius ; Colorado River toad, Sonoran Desert toad; bufo)
Psilocybin-containing mushrooms (magic mushrooms, shrooms) (e.g., Psilocybe cubensis , Psilocybe mexicana (teonanacatl) )
DRAs Tooltip Dopamine releasing agents
NRAs Tooltip Norepinephrine releasing agents
SRAs Tooltip Serotonin releasing agents
Others
Phenethylamines Amphetamines Phentermines Cathinones Phenylisobutylamines (and further-extended) Catecholamines (and close relatives) Cyclized phenethylamines
Phenylalkylpyrrolidines 2-Benzylpiperidines (phenidates ) Phenylmorpholines (phenmetrazines) Phenyloxazolamines (aminorexes) Isoquinolines andtetrahydroisoquinolines 2-Aminoindanes 2-Aminotetralins Others / unsorted
1-Aminomethylindanes (e.g., 2CB-Ind , AMMI , jimscaline )
2-ADN
2-Benzhydrylpyrrolidine
3-Benzhydrylmorpholine
3-Phenylpiperidines (e.g., 3-phenylpiperidine , OSU-6162 (PNU-96391) , LPH-5 , LPH-48 )
6-AB
AL-1095
Benzazepines (e.g., fenoldopam , lorcaserin , SCHEMBL5334361 )
Benzocyclobutenes (e.g., 2CBCB-NBOMe , S33005 , TCB-2 , tomscaline )
Benzoxepins (e.g., BBOX , IBOX , TFMBOX )
Butyltolylquinuclidine
Cypenamine (trans -2-phenylcyclopentylamine)
Diphenidine
Diphenylprolinol
DMBMPP
Ergolines (e.g., LSD )
GYKI-52895
HDMP-29
Ivabradine
Lumateperone and analogues (e.g., IHCH-7079 , IHCH-7086 , IHCH-7113 , ITI-1549 )
Methoxphenidine
Methylmorphenate
Milnacipran
MT-45
2-Naphthylamine
Org 6582
Partial ergolines (e.g., NDTDI , RU-27849 , DEIMDHPCA , DEMPDHPCA , RU-27251 )
PF-592,379
Phenylcyclopropylamines (e.g., DMCPA , TMT , tranylcypromine )
Tricyclics (e.g., benzoctamine , dizocilpine )
Z3517967757
ZC-B
Related compounds
2-Furylethylamine
2-Pyrrolylethylamine
3-Pyrrolylethylamine
3-Pyrrolylpropylamine
2-Tetrahydrofurylethylamine
4-Benzylpiperidine
7-AB
Alkylamines (e.g., 1,3-DMBA Tooltip 1,3-dimethylbutylamine , 1,4-DMAA Tooltip 1,4-dimethylamylamine , heptaminol , iproheptine , isometheptene , methylhexanamine/1,3-DMAA , octodrine , oenethyl , tuaminoheptane )
Benzylamines (e.g., benzylamine , α-methylbenzylamine , MDM1EA , ALPHA , M-ALPHA , pargyline )
Benzylpiperazines (e.g., benzylpiperazine , MDBZP , fipexide )
Cyclohexylaminopropanes (e.g., propylhexedrine , norpropylhexedrine )
Cyclopentylaminopropanes (e.g., isocyclamine , cyclopentamine )
Phenylalkenylamines (e.g., phenylbutenamine )
Phenylalkynylamines (e.g., phenylbutynamine )
Phenylpiperazines (e.g., 1-phenylpiperazine , mCPP Tooltip meta-chlorophenylpiperazine , TFMPP Tooltip trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine , oMPP Tooltip ortho-methylphenylpiperazine , pFPP Tooltip para-fluorophenylpiperazine , pMeOPP Tooltip para-methoxyphenylpiperazine )
Phenylpropylamines (e.g., phenylpropylamine , homo-MDA , homo-MDMA )
Thienylaminopropanes (thiopropamines) (e.g., thiopropamine , methiopropamine , thiothinone )