User:Departure–/Created pages
Here are some excerpts of pages I've created.
2021 Naperville–Woodridge tornado
[edit]On the evening of June 20, 2021, an intense QLCS tornado affected the Chicago suburbs of Naperville, Woodridge, Darien, Burr Ridge, and Willow Springs in DuPage and Cook Counties in Illinois. The tornado struck well after dark and was rated an EF3, with estimated wind speeds of up to 140 mph (230 km/h). It had a path length of 14.8 mi (23.8 km) and reached a width of 600 yd (550 m), while causing 11 injuries, downing thousands of trees, and inflicting significant structural damage primarily across Naperville and Woodridge. It was the strongest tornado spawned by a severe weather outbreak that was associated with a surface low over Wisconsin. The severe weather outbreak produced 17 tornadoes across parts of the United States and Canada.
In the immediate aftermath, the damage was described as "extensive", with 900 properties damaged, 300 of which were considered significantly damaged, and 29 deemed uninhabitable. The non-profit Naperville Tornado Relief raised over one million dollars to aid in cleanup effort in 2023, and repair efforts continued into 2024. It was the strongest tornado in the Chicago metropolitan area since the 2015 Coal City tornado, and the first major tornado in DuPage County since the 1976 Lemont tornado.[1]
Severe weather sequence of July 13–16, 2024
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Starting on the evening of July 13 and extending through July 16, 2024, an intense sequence of severe weather outbreaks affected much of the Midwestern and Northeastern United States. This included two significant derechos that each had wind gusts exceeding 100 mph (160 km/h), as well as multiple tornado outbreaks that produced a combined 90 tornadoes across the affected areas. A ring of fire pattern fueled multiple systems that brought heavy rain and a tornado outbreak to northern Illinois, contributing to a partial dam failure in Washington County, Illinois, and multiple events of 90 mph (140 km/h) wind gusts. The sequence as a whole killed five people and injured three more.[2][3][4][5]
The sequence began as a line of supercells and evolved into a powerful mesoscale convective system over Montana late on July 13, which raced southeasterly into North Dakota, South Dakota, and Nebraska while producing widespread wind gusts of over 60 mph (97 km/h) and as high as 108 mph (174 km/h) into the overnight hours of July 14.[6] Further east in Illinois and Indiana, a system on the morning of July 14 brought rainfall up to 6.3 in (16 cm) to Rockford, Illinois, which caused flash flood conditions, as well as scattered wind gusts of 60 mph (97 km/h).[7] Later that evening, a separate system, the remnants of the previous day's derecho and fueled by the same Ring of Fire pattern, produced a small-scale tornado outbreak and damaging wind event across the Chicago metropolitan area, with two tornadoes confirmed in the city of Chicago itself, and wind gusts reaching 90 mph (140 km/h). An additional 2.7 in (6.9 cm) of rain fell in Rockford, contributing to flooding conditions.[8]
The most destructive event of the sequence was a severe derecho that affected much of eastern Iowa, northern Illinois, and northwest Indiana on July 15 and 16. Extreme atmospheric instability contributed to a powerful bowing mesoscale convective system that brought widespread downburst wind gusts of over 75 mph (121 km/h) and peaking at 105 mph (169 km/h) near Camp Grove, Illinois.[9] Heavy rains in central Illinois led to the evacuation of parts of Nashville, due to the imminent failure of the Nashville City Reservoir Dam on July 16.[10] This derecho produced a tornado outbreak that spawned numerous tornadoes across its path, some of which hit the cities of Des Moines[11] and Davenport in Iowa,[12] and Aurora, Naperville,[13] and Joliet[14] in Illinois, with an extremely rare tornado causing minor damage in downtown Chicago.[15] Two significant tornadoes were confirmed, both in Illinois; an EF2 tornado in Jo Daviess and Stephenson counties,[9] and another EF2 tornado in Will and southern Cook counties.[13] Comparisons have been drawn between this and the August 2020 Midwest derecho, which affected many of the same areas.[16]
Ring of fire (meteorology)
[edit]In meteorology, a ring of fire pattern is a type of an atmospheric setup where thunderstorms form along the edges of a strong high-pressure ridge in the upper layer of the atmosphere. These storms can produce severe thunderstorms and flooding around the edges of the ridge. It is a similar phenomenon to the heat dome, and the two typically coincide as functions of strong areas of high atmospheric pressure, with both being most common during the warm season.[17]
List of United States tornadoes from November to December 2024
[edit]This page documents all tornadoes confirmed by various weather forecast offices of the National Weather Service in the United States during November and December 2024. Tornado counts are considered preliminary until final publication in the database of the National Centers for Environmental Information. On average, there are 54 tornadoes in November and 28 tornadoes in December. These tornadoes are more likely in the southern states due to their proximity to the unstable airmass and warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico, with occasional incursions farther north into the Midwest, particularly in November.[18] [19]
Fultondale High School (2023–present)
[edit]Fultondale High School is a combined middle school and high school located in Fultondale, Alabama. It is one of fourteen schools within the Jefferson County School System. The school opened after the previous Fultondale High School, established in 1965, was destroyed after damage from a tornado in 2021. The new building opened on August 14, 2023.
June 2022 Chicago supercell
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On June 13, 2022, an exceptionally high-topped and powerful supercell impacted the Chicago metropolitan area, with a height of 60,000–70,000 ft (18–21 km) as measured by multiple NEXRAD sites.[20] The system, spawned from an extremely unstable environment, brought widespread severe downburst winds exceeding 80 mph (130 km/h) across Cook and DuPage counties, leading to numerous flight delays and cancellations at O'Hare International Airport.[21] The supercell was part of the same complex of storms that produced a powerful derecho across Indiana and Ohio, where wind gusts reached 98 mph (158 km/h) at Fort Wayne International Airport.[22] The entire storm event caused a total of 3.4 billion dollars of damage.[23]
Belvidere Apollo Theatre collapse
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On the evening of March 31, 2023, a tornado struck the Apollo Theatre in Belvidere, Illinois, United States, which caused the ceiling of the theater to suffer a critical structural failure and collapse onto a sold-out concert. The show, headlined by the death metal band Morbid Angel, began despite advance knowledge of expected and imminent severe weather. After a half-hour storm break was instituted during the opening performance of the band Crypta, the tornado struck the theater. Winds of 90–100 miles per hour (140–160 km/h) caused the failure of the lower roof structure, with large amounts of debris falling into the venue, primarily onto concertgoers. Multiple people were buried by debris caused by the collapse. Concertgoers aided in removing debris from on top of others, before the arrival of the Belvidere Fire Department, who evacuated the building and handled search and rescue operations alongside emergency management agencies from three neighboring counties. One concertgoer was pronounced dead at the scene and 27 were taken to hospitals by ambulance, out of 48 that suffered non-fatal injuries.
The venue had been selected for the concert in November of the previous year, following the theater's remodeling as a concert venue. Severe weather was expected on the evening of March 31 in what became a historic tornado outbreak, but multiple people remained in the stage area after warnings for imminent severe weather were received. Following the collapse, the lack of safety protocols despite warning became the subject of multiple lawsuits. The Apollo Theatre was condemned the next day, suffering major damage to not only the roof over the stage but also the street-facing facade and the upper roof structure, of which the latter two were found on the street after the tornado. The venue reopened that September after multiple months of remodeling efforts and a brief fire on the reconstructed roof.
Debris fallout
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Debris fallout refers to debris lofted into the air by a tornado that falls back to the ground, and that can persist well after a tornado has lifted. Debris lofted by stronger tornadoes has been known to travel significant distances, upwards of 200 mi (320 km) on rare occasions. Debris fallout events can be detected on radar using dual polarization products, notably correlation coefficient. Most debris in excess of 1 lb (0.45 kg) is not moved a great distance; however, lighter objects—especially paper goods—can be absorbed by the storm's updraft and moved into its forward-flank downdraft where they can be transported further by non-tornadic downdraft winds.[24][25][26]
Tornado outbreak of November 2–5, 2024
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Between November 2–5, 2024, a tornado outbreak and flood event took place across the South-Central United States. The outbreak, late in the 2024 tornado season, produced multiple tornadoes across Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Texas, resulting in 11 injuries. Storms brought heavy rainfall to Missouri, resulting in 5 deaths attributed to flash flooding.
2023 Little Rock tornado
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On the afternoon of March 31, 2023, a high-end EF3 tornado struck Little Rock and the North Little Rock subdivisions of Martindale and Indian Hills, as well as Jacksonville and areas south of Cabot, in Arkansas, United States. The tornado, the first of the historic March 31 outbreak, would move through heavily populated areas of the Little Rock metro while also causing significant damage to multiple parks.
Numerous casualties, estimated at 600 at one point, were reported, alongside one indirect fatality and widespread damage primarily in Little Rock and North Little Rock. Significant damage occurred to structures, with nearly 600 receiving major damage, and damage to forested areas produced a significant volume of organic debris. Cleanup and recovery efforts were still underway a year later. The Walnut Valley neighborhood of Little Rock was the most heavily affected, however, recovery efforts in the area were criticized for crime and a weakening rebuilding effort. Widespread effects to insurance rates in Arkansas occurred in the aftermath of the tornado and other severe weather in the region.
2024 Tallahassee tornadoes
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On the morning of May 10, 2024, two significant tornadoes moved through Leon County, Florida, United States, both of which converged over Tallahassee. While damage was primarily to trees, numerous homes suffered damage. Tornadoes also damaged the campuses of numerous educational institutions across Tallahassee. Severe damage occurred to Railroad Square and total damage caused by the storm was estimated at over $184 million (2024 USD).
1967 Belvidere tornado
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On the afternoon of April 21, 1967, a violent tornado tracked through Belvidere, Illinois, United States. The tornado struck just after students at the city's high school had been dismissed, as they were loading onto school buses. Buses, some of which were loaded with staff and students, were flipped over and lofted, and the school itself sustained major damage. Throughout Belvidere, hundreds of homes suffered major damage, as did multiple businesses, in addition to the Chrysler plant and one of the city's two hospitals. 28 were killed in total, 13 of whom died at the high school alone. Recovery was slowed down by snowfall days later. The tornado was one of three F4 tornadoes in Illinois during the 1967 Oak Lawn tornado outbreak. 50 years later, a memorial to the tornado victims was unveiled at the high school.
Tornado outbreak of April 1–3, 2025
[edit]Contributed articles
[edit]Tornado outbreak of March 13–16, 2025
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From March 13 to 16, 2025, a widespread and deadly tornado outbreak, the largest on record for the month of March, affected much of the Midwestern into the Eastern United States,[27][28][29] with additional severe weather and impacts on the East Coast.[30] On March 13, a trough moved through the West Coast,[31] spawning a high-end EF0 tornado in the Los Angeles area.[32] The Storm Prediction Center issued a moderate risk for severe weather for parts of the Midwest and Southeast on March 14 as the trough moved west over the Rockies.[33] The Day 2 outlook was upgraded to a tornado-driven high risk area for portions of Mississippi and Alabama, making it the third ever issuance of a Day 2 high risk, with the previous two being for April 7, 2006 and April 14, 2012.[34]
On March 14, a moderate risk for severe weather was issued for the much of Iowa, Illinois, and Missouri, with a 15 percent risk for significant tornadoes centered around Southern Illinois and Southeastern Missouri.[33] In the early evening, a PDS tornado watch was issued for portions of Southeast Missouri, Northeast Arkansas, Northern Mississippi, and more.[35] Among the tornadoes that touched down that day were a long-track, high-end EF3 tornado that tracked through southern Missouri and prompted the issuance of a tornado emergency for Fremont and Van Buren,[36][37] an EF2 tornado that moved into the Greater St. Louis area, notably crossing a St. Louis Lambert International Airport runway while a plane was taking off,[38][39] a high-end EF4 tornado that caused catastrophic damage to rural neighborhood northwest of Diaz, Arkansas,[40] a very long-track, low-end EF4 tornado that struck near Fifty-Six and Franklin, Arkansas,[40] an EF3 tornado that killed three people in Bakersfield, Missouri,[41] a long-track, high-end EF3 tornado that went through Cushman and Cave City, Arkansas, killing three,[40] and a low-end EF3 tornado that killed one person after ripping through a trailer park near Poplar Bluff, Missouri,[36][42][43] Overall, 10 people in Missouri and three more in Arkansas were killed by tornadoes on the 14th.[44][45]
2024 Greenfield tornado
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On the afternoon of May 21, 2024, a violent EF4 tornado tracked across southwestern Iowa, United States, devastating the city of Greenfield. The tornado, known most commonly as the Greenfield tornado,[46][47] destroyed many structures and wind turbines across its path that stretched through Page, Taylor, Adams, and Adair counties, while also causing more than $31 million[a] in property damage, killing five people and injuring 35 more. The tornado reached peak intensity within Greenfield, where National Weather Service surveyors denoted maximum wind speeds estimated at 185 mph (298 km/h), or EF4 on the Enhanced Fujita scale. However, estimated winds of 309–318 mph (497–512 km/h) were briefly determined from inside the tornado by a Doppler on Wheels portable radar unit, one of only three times that wind speeds exceeding 300 miles per hour (480 km/h) have been determined in a tornado from radar observations.
The tornado formed amidst a week-long period of elevated tornadic activity in an area expected to be strongly conducive for the development of long-tracked and fast-moving tornadoes. Over the next 48 minutes, the tornado was observed by multiple storm chasers and research teams, who would determine the extreme wind figure from a direct radar measurement above the city of Greenfield. In addition to one fatality on a highway in Adams County, four fatalities occurred in Greenfield, with the damage in the city described as "horrific", as surveyors revealed damage consistent with a violent EF4 tornado, contradicting analysis of mobile radar data. The tornado has been noted as an important milestone in the practical efficacy of the Warn-on-Forecast system, which predicted tornadic activity in the vicinity of Greenfield about 75 minutes before the tornado reached the community. Maize crops would also start growing around Greenfield following the tornado, which was determined to be likely responsible for carrying in seeds. Legislation introduced in the aftermath of the Greenfield and Minden tornadoes passed that summer and the following year would fund housing projects and disaster recovery programs throughout Iowa.
References from excerpted pages
[edit]- ^ Significant Tornadoes in the Chicago Metropolitan Area (PDF) (Report). National Weather Service Chicago, Illinois. October 2022.
- ^ "Two Derechos Struck the Midwest, Plains Since Saturday Night. Here's Why They're Dangerous". The Weather Channel. July 23, 2024. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
- ^ "Tornado, storms ravage Rome and Canandaigua in upstate NY". Democrat and Chronicle. 17 July 2024. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
- ^ "88-year-old couple drown in Illinois flash floods before help arrives, deputies say". Fox Weather. July 18, 2024. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
- ^ "Rockford man dies after being trapped in flooded pickup truck". WIFR-LD. July 15, 2024. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
- ^ "July 13-14, 2024 Derecho". National Weather Service Rapid City, South Dakota.
- ^ "July 13-14, 2024: Significant Flash Flooding in Rockford and Isolated Wind Damage From Morning Storms". National Weather Service Chicago, Illinois.
- ^ "July 14, 2024: Line of Storms Produces Swaths of Wind Damage and Embedded Tornadoes". National Weather Service Chicago, Illinois.
- ^ a b "Derecho Summary: July 15th, 2024 (updated 7-27-24)". National Weather Service Quad Cities, Iowa/Illinois. 27 July 2024.
- ^ "'This was like a raging river': Homes in Nashville, Illinois, evacuated after dam failure". KSDK. 16 July 2024. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
- ^ "Derecho event spawned Des Moines metro tornado". WHO-DT. 16 July 2024. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
- ^ "Derecho brings damaging winds, 5 tornadoes in Quad Cities confirmed by US National Weather Service". KWQC-TV. 16 July 2024. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
- ^ a b "July 15, 2024: Derecho Produces Widespread Wind Damage and Numerous Tornadoes". National Weather Service Chicago, Illinois.
- ^ "12th tornado confirmed from Monday night storms in Chicago area". WGN-TV. 17 July 2024. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
- ^ "At least eight tornadoes touched down across the Midwest — one in downtown Chicago". NBC News. 16 July 2024. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
- ^ "Tale of Two Derechos: Comparing August 2020 to July 2024". The Progressive Farmer. 24 July 2024.
- ^ Lada, Brian (21 May 2024). "What is a heat dome, and how can it create 'ring of fire' thunderstorms?". AccuWeather.
- ^ Ian Livingston (November 17, 2014). "Here's where tornadoes typically form in November across the United States". U.S. Tornadoes. Retrieved October 29, 2023.
- ^ "U.S. Tornadoes | National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)". www.ncei.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2024-11-03.
- ^ "June 13, 2022: Supercell Storm Brings a Swath of Severe Wind Damage and Two Tornadoes to the Chicago Metro". National Weather Service Chicago, Illinois.
- ^ "Severe weather causes flights to be canceled, delayed at Chicago O'Hare". WTHR. 13 June 2022.
- ^ "HIGHEST WIND REPORTS". National Weather Service Northern Indiana. 14 June 2022.
- ^ "Billion-dollar Weather and Climate Disasters". National Centers for Environmental Information.
- ^ Erdman, Jonathan (30 May 2019). "EF4 Kansas Tornado Debris Found 50 Miles Away And That's Not Unusual". The Weather Channel. Retrieved 17 December 2024.
- ^ Snow, John T.; Wyatt, Amy Lee; McCarthy, Ann K.; Bishop, Eric K. (1995). "FALLOUT OF DEBRIS FROM TORNADIC THUNDERSTORMS: An Historical Perspective And Two Examples From VORTEX". American Meteorological Society.
- ^ Wang, Erik Y.; Bodine, David J.; Kurdzo, James M.; Barham, James; Bowman, Chris; Pietrycha, Pamela. Polarimetric Characteristics of Tornado Debris Fallout During the May 28 2019 Lawrence/Kansas City, KS Tornado (PDF). 100th Annual Meeting Severe Local Storms Symposium.
- ^ Belles, Jonathan; Gray, Jennifer. "Severe Weather Outbreak Likely, Including Tornadoes". The Weather Channel. Retrieved 2025-03-12.
- ^ Yablonski, Steven (2025-03-12). "Severe storms eye South on Wednesday ahead of weekend severe weather outbreak threatening over 25 states". FOX Weather. Retrieved 2025-03-12.
- ^ Cann, Christopher; Rice, Doyle (2025-03-12). "California braces for massive storm; evacuation warnings, closures in LA". USA Today. Retrieved 2025-03-12.
- ^ Gilbert, Mary (2025-03-12). "Powerhouse storm moves into US, prompting evacuations in California ahead of its trek east". CNN. Retrieved 2025-03-12.
- ^ Thornton; Darrow; Squitieri. Mar 13, 2025 0600 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook. NWS Storm Prediction Center (Report).
- ^ National Weather Service in Oxnard, California (March 13, 2025). NWS Damage Survey for 03/13/25 Tornado Event (Report). Iowa Environmental Mesonet. Retrieved March 13, 2025.
- ^ a b Darrow; Moore. Mar 14, 2025 0600 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook. NWS Storm Prediction Center (Report).
- ^ Whitt, Kelly Kizer (2025-03-14). "NOAA issues rare high risk for storms in the Southeast". earthsky.org. Retrieved 2025-03-14.
- ^ Particularly Dangerous Situation (PDS) Tornado Watch 36. NWS Storm Prediction Center (Report). 14 March 2025.
- ^ a b National Weather Service in Paducah, Kentucky. Summary of Significant Severe Thunderstorm and Tornado Outbreak of March 14-15, 2025 (Report). Iowa Environmental Mesonet. Retrieved March 28, 2025.
- ^ "PAH Tornado Warning #6". Iowa Environment Mesonet. National Weather Service Paducah, KY. Retrieved 14 March 2025.
- ^ National Weather Service in St. Louis, Missouri (March 25, 2025). NWS Damage Survey for March 14, 2025 Tornado Event (Report). Iowa Environmental Mesonet. Retrieved March 26, 2025.
- ^ Mueller, Megan (17 March 2025). "Video shows plane taking off at St. Louis Lambert Airport during apparent tornado". Fox 2.
- ^ a b c National Weather Service in Little Rock, Arkansas (March 18, 2025). NWS Damage Survey for 03/14/25 Tornado Event - Update #5 (Report). Iowa Environmental Mesonet. Retrieved March 18, 2025.
- ^ "Deadly Bakersfield tornado was five football fields wide with winds of 140 mph". Ozark County Times. 2025-03-20. Retrieved 2025-03-25.
- ^ Seabaugh, Josh (2025-03-18). "1 dead in Butler County; around 500 homes, 50 businesses impacted from tornado". www.kfvs12.com. Retrieved 2025-04-14.
- ^ Moore, Sasha. "Storm causes major damage, reported fatalities in Butler County, Mo". KBSI.
- ^ Noll, Ben (15 March 2025). "Ten dead in Missouri as tornado risks are set to peak across swath of U.S." The Washington Post.
- ^ "Tornado threat moves to southern U.S. after severe storms kill at least 18, unleashes winds and fans wildfires". CBS News. 15 March 2025.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Greenfield tornado DOWGreenfieldwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Greenfield tornado: Authorities confirm multiple fatalities in southwest Iowa". KCCI. May 22, 2024. Archived from the original on May 22, 2024. Retrieved May 22, 2024.
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