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The Chile Portal

The flag of Chile

Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in western South America. It is the southernmost country in the world and the closest to Antarctica, stretching along a narrow strip of land between the Andes Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. Chile had a population of 17.5 million as of the latest census in 2017 and has a territorial area of 756,102 km2 (291,933 sq mi), sharing borders with Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south. The country also controls several Pacific islands, including Juan Fernández, Isla Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas, and Easter Island, and claims about 1,250,000 km2 (480,000 sq mi) of Antarctica as the Chilean Antarctic Territory. The capital and largest city of Chile is Santiago, and the national language is Spanish.

Spain conquered and colonized the region in the mid-16th century, replacing Inca rule, but failed to conquer the autonomous tribal Mapuche people who inhabited what is now south-central Chile. Chile emerged as a relatively stable authoritarian republic in the 1830s after their 1818 declaration of independence from Spain. During the 19th century, Chile experienced significant economic and territorial growth, putting an end to Mapuche resistance in the 1880s and gaining its current northern territory in the War of the Pacific (1879–83) by defeating Peru and Bolivia. In the 20th century, up until the 1970s, Chile underwent a process of democratization and experienced rapid population growth and urbanization, while relying increasingly on exports from copper mining to support its economy. During the 1960s and 1970s, the country was marked by severe left-right political polarization and turmoil, which culminated in the 1973 Chilean coup d'état that overthrew Salvador Allende's democratically elected left-wing government. This was followed by a 16-year right-wing military dictatorship under Augusto Pinochet, in which the 1980 Chilean Constitution was made with the consultancy of the Ortúzar Commission as well as several political and economic reforms, and resulted in more than 3,000 deaths or disappearances. The regime ended in 1990, following a referendum in 1988, whereafter Chile has been as democracy.

Chile is a high-income economy and is one of the most economically and socially stable nations in South America. Chile also performs well in the region in terms of sustainability of the state and democratic development. Chile is a founding member of the United Nations, the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC), and the Pacific Alliance, and joined the OECD in 2010. (Full article...)

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Sairecabur and Saciel

Sairecabur (Spanish pronunciation: [sajɾekaˈβuɾ]) is a volcano located on the frontier between Bolivia and Chile. It is part of the Andean Central Volcanic Zone. Sairecabur proper is 5,971 m (19,590 ft) high; other mountains in the range are 5,722 m (18,773 ft) high Curiquinca, 5,819 m (19,091 ft) high Escalante and 5,748 m (18,858 ft) high Cerro Colorado, all of which have erupted a number of lava flows. Also in close proximity to Sairecabur lie the volcanic centres Licancabur, Putana and Juriques.

Sairecabur proper is accompanied by a 4.5 km (2.8 mi) wide caldera. Before the formation of this caldera the volcano may have been 7,000 m (23,000 ft) high and thus one of the highest volcanoes on Earth. After the formation of this caldera lava effusion occurred during the Pleistocene and Holocene; there is no reported historical activity, however. Eruption products on Escalante and Sairecabur include andesite and dacite. The climate is dry, cold and very sunny. (Full article...)

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Photograph by Eugenio Courret, 1881

Irene Morales Infante (1 April 1865 – 25 August 1890) was a Chilean soldier who served in the War of the Pacific. She was born in a barrio of Santiago, and lived in poverty throughout her life, working as a seamstress from an early age. When the War of the Pacific began she was only 13 years old, and had been orphaned and twice widowed. Her second husband was executed by the Bolivian military for killing a soldier.

She fought alongside the troops of her unit in the battles of the Tarapacá Campaign in late 1879, at Pisagua and San Francisco. Her valor in these battles and her care for wounded comrades drew the attention of Chilean commander-in-chief Manuel Baquedano, who provided her with official recognition and the rank of a sergeant. She continued to serve in the army for the duration of the war and was famously courageous at the Battle of Tacna in 1880. After the war, she returned to civilian life and died in obscurity, aged only 25. Now considered one of Chile's greatest heroes of the war, her service only became widely known after her death. (Full article...)

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Chile

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) rights in Chile have advanced significantly in the 21st century, and are now very progressive. Despite Chile being considered one of the most conservative countries in Latin America for decades, today the majority of the Chilean society supports the rights of LGBTQ people. Chile is currently considered one of the safest and most friendly countries for the LGBTQ community in the world.

Both male and female same-sex sexual activity are legal in Chile since 1999. Chile was one of the latest South American countries to have legalized the activity. In 2012, a law banning all discrimination and hate crimes based on sexual orientation and gender identity was approved. Since then, the Chilean Armed Forces allow gays, lesbians, bisexuals, transgender and queer people to openly serve. LGBTQ people are allowed to donate blood without restrictions since 2013. (Full article...)

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Good articles

  • 360-degree Panorama of the Southern Sky edit
    360-degree Panorama of the Southern Sky edit
  • A 360 degree panorama of a unique cloudscape over La Silla
    A 360 degree panorama of a unique cloudscape over La Silla
  • Culpeo MC
    Culpeo MC
  • FCAB EMD GT22CU-3 San Pedro - Ascotan
    FCAB EMD GT22CU-3 San Pedro - Ascotan
  • Géiseres del Tatio, Atacama, Chile, 2016-02-01, DD 03-05 HDR
    Géiseres del Tatio, Atacama, Chile, 2016-02-01, DD 03-05 HDR
  • Laguna Miñiques, Chile, 2016-02-08, DD 33-38 PAN
    Laguna Miñiques, Chile, 2016-02-08, DD 33-38 PAN
  • Laser Towards Milky Ways Centre
    Laser Towards Milky Ways Centre
  • Miscanti Lagoon near San Pedro de Atacama Chile Luca Galuzzi 2006
    Miscanti Lagoon near San Pedro de Atacama Chile Luca Galuzzi 2006
  • Moai Rano raraku
    Moai Rano raraku
  • SQM GE 289A Boxcab Carmelita - Reverso
    SQM GE 289A Boxcab Carmelita - Reverso
  • The European Extremely Large Telescope
    The European Extremely Large Telescope
  • Volcán Aucanquilcha, Chile, 2016-02-10, DD 11
    Volcán Aucanquilcha, Chile, 2016-02-10, DD 11
  • Volcán San Pedro, Chile, 2016-02-09, DD 18
    Volcán San Pedro, Chile, 2016-02-09, DD 18
  • Vortex-street-1
    Vortex-street-1

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