October 1995 lunar eclipse
| Penumbral eclipse | |||||||||
 The Moon's hourly motion shown right to left | |||||||||
| Date | October 8, 1995 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gamma | 1.1179 | ||||||||
| Magnitude | −0.2115 | ||||||||
| Saros cycle | 117 (51 of 72) | ||||||||
| Penumbral | 247 minutes, 37 seconds | ||||||||
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A penumbral lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s descending node of orbit on Sunday, October 8, 1995,[1] with an umbral magnitude of −0.2115. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A penumbral lunar eclipse occurs when part or all of the Moon's near side passes into the Earth's penumbra. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. Occurring about 6.5 days before apogee (on October 15, 1995, at 3:05 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.[2]
Visibility
[edit]The eclipse was completely visible over Asia and Australia, seen rising over much of Africa and Europe and setting over northwestern North America and the central Pacific Ocean.[3]
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Eclipse details
[edit]Shown below is a table displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. It describes various parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[4]
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Penumbral Magnitude | 0.82527 |
| Umbral Magnitude | −0.21146 |
| Gamma | 1.11794 |
| Sun Right Ascension | 12h54m53.0s |
| Sun Declination | -05°52'15.5" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 16'00.5" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.8" |
| Moon Right Ascension | 00h53m37.8s |
| Moon Declination | +06°52'47.3" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 15'26.5" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 0°56'40.2" |
| ΔT | 61.4 s |
Eclipse season
[edit]This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.
| October 8 Descending node (full moon) |
October 24 Ascending node (new moon) |
|---|---|
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| Penumbral lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 117 |
Total solar eclipse Solar Saros 143 |
Related eclipses
[edit]Eclipses in 1995
[edit]- A partial lunar eclipse on April 15.
- An annular solar eclipse on April 29.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on October 8.
- A total solar eclipse on October 24.
Metonic
[edit]- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of December 21, 1991
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of July 28, 1999
Tzolkinex
[edit]- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of August 27, 1988
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of November 20, 2002
Half-Saros
[edit]- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of October 3, 1986
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of October 14, 2004
Tritos
[edit]- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of November 8, 1984
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of September 7, 2006
Lunar Saros 117
[edit]- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of September 27, 1977
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of October 18, 2013
Inex
[edit]- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of October 29, 1966
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of September 18, 2024
Triad
[edit]- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of December 7, 1908
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of August 8, 2082
Lunar eclipses of 1995–1998
[edit]This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of lunar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[5]
The penumbral lunar eclipse on August 8, 1998 occurs in the next lunar year eclipse set.
| Lunar eclipse series sets from 1995 to 1998 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ascending node | Descending node | |||||||
| Saros | Date Viewing |
Type Chart |
Gamma | Saros | Date Viewing |
Type Chart |
Gamma | |
| 112 | 1995 Apr 15
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Partial
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−0.9594 | 117 | 1995 Oct 08
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Penumbral
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1.1179 | |
122
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1996 Apr 04
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Total
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−0.2534 | 127
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1996 Sep 27
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Total
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0.3426 | |
132
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1997 Mar 24
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Partial
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0.4899 | 137 | 1997 Sep 16
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Total
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−0.3768 | |
| 142 | 1998 Mar 13
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Penumbral
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1.1964 | 147 | 1998 Sep 06
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Penumbral
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−1.1058 | |
Saros 117
[edit]This eclipse is a part of Saros series 117, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a penumbral lunar eclipse on April 3, 1094. It contains partial eclipses from June 29, 1238 through September 23, 1382; total eclipses from October 3, 1400 through June 21, 1815; and a second set of partial eclipses from July 2, 1833 through September 5, 1941. The series ends at member 71 as a penumbral eclipse on May 15, 2356.
The longest duration of totality was produced by member 35 at 105 minutes, 43 seconds on April 17, 1707. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit.[6]
| Greatest | First | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The greatest eclipse of the series occurred on 1707 Apr 17, lasting 105 minutes, 43 seconds.[7] | Penumbral | Partial | Total | Central |
| 1094 Apr 03 |
1238 Jun 29 |
1400 Oct 03 |
1563 Jan 09 | |
| Last | ||||
| Central | Total | Partial | Penumbral | |
| 1761 May 18 |
1815 Jun 21 |
1941 Sep 05
|
2356 May 15 | |
Eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.
| Series members 41–62 occur between 1801 and 2200: | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 41 | 42 | 43 | |||
| 1815 Jun 21 | 1833 Jul 02 | 1851 Jul 13 | |||
| 44 | 45 | 46 | |||
| 1869 Jul 23 | 1887 Aug 03 | 1905 Aug 15 | |||
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| 47 | 48 | 49 | |||
| 1923 Aug 26 | 1941 Sep 05 | 1959 Sep 17 | |||
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| 50 | 51 | 52 | |||
| 1977 Sep 27 | 1995 Oct 08 | 2013 Oct 18 | |||
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| 53 | 54 | 55 | |||
| 2031 Oct 30 | 2049 Nov 09 | 2067 Nov 21 | |||
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| 56 | 57 | 58 | |||
| 2085 Dec 01 | 2103 Dec 13 | 2121 Dec 24 | |||
| 59 | 60 | 61 | |||
| 2140 Jan 04 | 2158 Jan 14 | 2176 Jan 26 | |||
| 62 | |||||
| 2194 Feb 05 | |||||
Tritos series
[edit]This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
| Series members between 1801 and 2200 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1810 Mar 21 (Saros 100) |
1821 Feb 17 (Saros 101) |
1832 Jan 17 (Saros 102) |
1842 Dec 17 (Saros 103) |
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| 1864 Oct 15 (Saros 105) |
1875 Sep 15 (Saros 106) |
1886 Aug 14 (Saros 107) |
1897 Jul 14 (Saros 108) |
1908 Jun 14 (Saros 109) | |||||
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| 1919 May 15 (Saros 110) |
1930 Apr 13 (Saros 111) |
1941 Mar 13 (Saros 112) |
1952 Feb 11 (Saros 113) |
1963 Jan 09 (Saros 114) | |||||
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| 1973 Dec 10 (Saros 115) |
1984 Nov 08 (Saros 116) |
1995 Oct 08 (Saros 117) |
2006 Sep 07 (Saros 118) |
2017 Aug 07 (Saros 119) | |||||
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| 2028 Jul 06 (Saros 120) |
2039 Jun 06 (Saros 121) |
2050 May 06 (Saros 122) |
2061 Apr 04 (Saros 123) |
2072 Mar 04 (Saros 124) | |||||
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| 2083 Feb 02 (Saros 125) |
2094 Jan 01 (Saros 126) |
2104 Dec 02 (Saros 127) |
2115 Nov 02 (Saros 128) |
2126 Oct 01 (Saros 129) | |||||
| 2137 Aug 30 (Saros 130) |
2148 Jul 31 (Saros 131) |
2159 Jun 30 (Saros 132) |
2170 May 30 (Saros 133) |
2181 Apr 29 (Saros 134) | |||||
| 2192 Mar 28 (Saros 135) | |||||||||
Inex series
[edit]This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
| Series members between 1801 and 2200 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1822 Feb 06 (Saros 111) |
1851 Jan 17 (Saros 112) |
1879 Dec 28 (Saros 113) | |||
| 1908 Dec 07 (Saros 114) |
1937 Nov 18 (Saros 115) |
1966 Oct 29 (Saros 116) | |||
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| 1995 Oct 08 (Saros 117) |
2024 Sep 18 (Saros 118) |
2053 Aug 29 (Saros 119) | |||
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| 2082 Aug 08 (Saros 120) |
2111 Jul 21 (Saros 121) |
2140 Jun 30 (Saros 122) | |||
| 2169 Jun 09 (Saros 123) |
2198 May 20 (Saros 124) | ||||
Half-Saros cycle
[edit]A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a half saros).[8] This lunar eclipse is related to two solar eclipses of Solar Saros 124.
| October 3, 1986 | October 14, 2004 |
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See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "October 8–9, 1995 Penumbral Lunar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 9 January 2025.
- ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 9 January 2025.
- ^ "Penumbral Lunar Eclipse of 1995 Oct 08" (PDF). NASA. Retrieved 9 January 2025.
- ^ "Penumbral Lunar Eclipse of 1995 Oct 08". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 9 January 2025.
- ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
- ^ "NASA - Catalog of Lunar Eclipses of Saros 117". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.
- ^ Listing of Eclipses of series 117
- ^ Mathematical Astronomy Morsels, Jean Meeus, p.110, Chapter 18, The half-saros
External links
[edit]- Saros cycle 117
- 1995 Oct 08 chart Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA/GSFC
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