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Military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War

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Countries delivering military aid to Ukraine
  Delivered heavy weapons to Ukraine
  Delivered light weapons or ammunition to Ukraine
  Delivered non-lethal material military aid to Ukraine
  Delivered non-material military aid to Ukraine
  Ukraine
Military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War
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Membership

Many entities have provided or promised military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War, particularly since the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. This includes weaponry, equipment, training, logistical support as well as financial support, unless earmarked for humanitarian purposes. Weapons sent as a result of cooperation between multiple countries are listed separately under each country.

The aid has mostly been co-ordinated through the Ukraine Defense Contact Group, whose 57 member countries include all 32 member states of NATO. The European Union co-ordinated weapons supplies through its institutions for the first time.[1][2][3] Because of the invasion, some donor countries, such as Germany and Sweden, overturned policies against providing offensive military aid.

By March 2024, mostly Western governments had pledged more than $380 billion worth of aid to Ukraine since the invasion, including nearly $118 billion in direct military aid from individual countries.[4] European countries have provided €132 billion in aid (military, financial and humanitarian) as of December 2024, and the United States has provided €114 billion.[5] Most of the US funding supports American industries who produce weapons and military equipment.[6]

Fearing escalation, NATO states have hesitated to provide heavier and more advanced weapons to Ukraine, or have imposed limits such as forbidding Ukraine to use them to strike inside Russia.[7] Since June 2024, they have lifted some of these restrictions, allowing Ukraine to strike Russian military targets near the border in self-defense.[8]

According to defense expert Malcolm Chalmers, at the beginning of 2025 the US provided 20% of all military equipment Ukraine was using, with 25% provided by Europe and 55% produced by Ukraine. However, the 20% supplied by the US "is the most lethal and important."[9]

The Russian government threatened retaliation against countries supplying military aid to Ukraine, and said it meant NATO was waging a "proxy war" against Russia.[10] However, Russia's government has not followed through on its threats, despite most of its "red lines" being crossed.[11] Russia's president Vladimir Putin said that if military aid stopped, Ukraine would not survive for long.[12] In December 2023, the Center for Strategic and International Studies wrote that if the United States stopped sending military aid, European countries would be unable to provide enough to prevent Ukraine's frontline from collapsing.[13]

Donors

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This section is an excerpt from List of military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War § Donors.[edit]

The donation of military aid was coordinated at monthly meetings in the Ukraine Defense Contact Group throughout the war. A first meeting took place between 41 countries on 26 April 2022, and the coalition comprised 54 countries (all 30 member states of NATO and 24 other countries) at the latest meeting on 14 February 2023.[14] All EU member states donated military aid collectively via EU institutions; all but three (Hungary, Cyprus and Malta) also donated individually as sovereign countries.

As of February 2023, military aid was donated by EU institutions, 45 sovereign countries, companies, and other parties.

Russian response

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Russia has sent a diplomatic letter to the United States warning it not to supply Ukraine with any more weapons and that the United States and NATO aid of the "most sensitive" weapons to Ukraine were "adding fuel" and could bring "unpredictable consequences."[15]

Olga Skabeyeva said on state-owned Rossiya 1 TV: "It can safely be called World War Three. That's entirely for sure. [...] We're definitely fighting against NATO infrastructure, if not NATO itself. We need to recognise that."[16] She has further claimed that NATO is supplying Ukraine with "zillions of weapons".[17]

Russia banned members of the UK cabinet including then prime minister Boris Johnson and former PM Theresa May from visiting the country: "In essence, the British leadership is deliberately aggravating the situation around Ukraine, pumping the Kyiv regime with lethal weapons and coordinating similar efforts on the part of NATO."[18]

In June 2022, Russian President Vladimir Putin threatened to "strike at those targets that we have not yet been hitting" in Ukraine if the West provides Ukraine with advanced multiple-rocket launch systems such as the M270 and the M142 HIMARS.[19]

Russian aircraft have flown over the Baltic and Black Seas without flight plans or transponders or communicating with civilians or military air traffic controllers, and in some cases they have closely approached or slightly violated the airspace of other nations. NATO aircraft from Poland, Denmark, France, Italy, Spain, Romania, Finland and the United Kingdom, along with aircraft from non-NATO Sweden, have intercepted these Russian planes.[20][21][22][23]

In December 2022, Putin's spokesman Dmitry Peskov claimed that due to Western military support to Ukraine, "the suffering of the Ukrainian people will continue longer than it could have".[24]

During a meeting of the UN Security Council on 24 November 2022, Russia's Permanent Representative to the UN Vasily Nebenzya explained the purpose of Russian strikes against Ukrainian infrastructure, saying: "We're carrying out attacks on infrastructure facilities in Ukraine in response to the country being loaded with Western weapons and unwise calls for Kyiv to wield a military victory over Russia."[25] On 1 December 2022, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov defended Russian strikes against Ukrainian infrastructure, stating as one of the reasons that the Russian missile strikes were intended to "knock out energy facilities that allow you to keep pumping deadly weapons into Ukraine in order to kill the Russians".[26]

In March 2023, in a televised address, Russian President Putin accused Western countries of trying to prolong the war by supplying Ukraine with weapons.[27] On 20 June 2023, Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu warned Ukraine of "immediate strikes on decision-making centers in Ukraine" if Ukraine attacks Crimea with HIMARS and Storm Shadow missiles.[28] In July 2023, Russian Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova claimed that Joe Biden's decision to supply Ukraine with cluster munitions "is aimed at prolonging the conflict in Ukraine as much as possible."[29]

Other responses

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South Korea has initially declined to send any lethal aid such as the KM-SAM missile system citing its security situation.[30] In April 2023, a spokesman for South Korea's Ministry of Defense stated that "the government's policy of not providing lethal weapons to Ukraine remains unchanged."[31] On 7 November 2024, South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol suggested that South Korea could provide weapons to Ukraine.[32] However, the South Korean public was widely opposed to direct arms supplies to Ukraine.[33]

Taiwan has kept mainly to humanitarian and financial aid.[34]

Israel refused to send lethal weapons to Ukraine. In June 2023, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said that "We're concerned also with the possibility that systems that we would give to Ukraine would fall into Iranian hands and could be reverse engineered, and we would find ourselves facing Israeli systems used against Israel."[35]

South Africa has maintained a neutral stance.[36]

Brazil refused the request by the German Chancellor Olaf Scholz to send Brazilian weapons to Ukraine.[37]

Germany opposed the Biden administration's decision to supply cluster munitions to Ukraine.[38]

China's foreign minister Qin Gang claimed that China is not selling weapons to either side in the war in Ukraine.[39] China accused Western countries of prolonging the war by supplying arms to Ukraine to boost the profits of its arms industry.[40][41] Western politicians, on the contrary, consider the supply of weapons to Ukraine as help in the defense of the attacked country.[42]

Pakistan denied reports that the country supplies weapons to Ukraine.[43] In April 2023, Foreign Office spokesperson Mumtaz Zahra Baloch stated that "Pakistan maintains a policy of strict neutrality in the dispute between Ukraine and Russia and in that context, do not provide any ammunition to them."[44]

Turkey refused the U.S.'s suggestion to give Ukraine its advanced S-400 air defense system.[45] Turkey has denied reports that it delivered cluster munitions to Ukraine in 2022.[46]

Military aid planning

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In late March 2022, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy requested "1 percent" of NATO's planes and tanks.[47] Ukraine's requirements moved from defensive weapons which are hand-held such as NLAW, Stinger, Starstreak, Javelin and drones to heavier weapons such as artillery, tanks, and aircraft. Ukraine had been relying on Eastern European NATO members' old stockpiles of Soviet equipment, but the number of manufacturers of Soviet equipment in Eastern Europe is limited.[48]

Following pleas from Zelenskyy for countries to send heavier weapons and air defenses to aid in battling Russia, a first meeting was held by the Ukraine Defense Contact Group (also known as "Ukraine Defense Consultative Group") on 26 April 2022 at Ramstein Air Base in Germany. Participants at the meeting were defense ministers and chiefs of staff from 41 countries willing to provide military aid to Ukraine. The meeting was led by United States Secretary of Defense Lloyd J. Austin III.[49][50][51] They were joined by Ukrainian Minister of Defense Oleksii Reznikov.[51] The meeting discussed "a steady flow of weapons and other military aid" to Ukraine.[52]

The coalition planned to continue meeting as a monthly "contact group" to address long-term support for Ukraine. In addition to European Union NATO countries, Ukraine, and the U.S., the coalition includes: Sweden, Finland, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Korea, Japan, Morocco, Kenya, Liberia, Tunisia, Jordan, and Israel.[50] Their purpose is to work out ongoing aid to Ukraine, with an emphasis on providing "lethal aid" to help with the ongoing war. Austin said, "I'd like this whole group to leave today with a common, transparent understanding of Ukraine's near-term security requirements—because we're going to keep on moving heaven and earth to meet them."[51] According to Pentagon Press Secretary John F. Kirby: "A new phase, …I think [Austin] also wants to take a longer, larger view of the defense relationships that Ukraine will need to have going forward, when the war is over."[49] Kirby also said, "I don't think anybody can predict how long this is going to go on… The truth is… if Mr. Putin pulled his forces out and stopped this illegal invasion, and sat down in good faith with Mr. Zelensky, [the conflict] could be over now."[49]

Russian comments about a desire to move onto Moldova, after occupying the Southern Ukraine coast and the Donbas, also threatens to expand the scope of the conflict.[53] Although Putin and Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov have characterized the conflict as a proxy war instigated by NATO, the U.S.-led Ukraine Defense Consultative Group reflects a broader coalition of countries.[50][54][10]

On 28 April 2022, US President Joe Biden asked Congress for an additional $33 billion to assist Ukraine, including $20 billion to provide weapons to Ukraine.[55] On 21 May 2022, the United States passed legislation providing $40 billion in new military and humanitarian foreign aid to Ukraine, marking a historically large commitment of funds.[56][57]

When the Ukraine Defense Contact Group held its latest ninth meeting on 14 February 2023, its list of members had grown from the initial 41 countries, to a new total of 54 countries.[58]

In 2022, Congress approved more than $112 billion in aid to Ukraine. In October 2023, the Biden administration requested $61.4 billion more for Ukraine for the year ahead.[59] On 20 April 2024, the U.S. House of Representatives approved a $95 billion aid package to Ukraine, Israel and Taiwan.[60]

On 30 May 2024, US President Joe Biden gave Ukraine permission to strike targets inside Russia using American-supplied weapons.[61] The same permission was given to Ukraine by Germany,[62] France and the United Kingdom.[63] Dutch Foreign Minister Hanke Bruins Slot said that the Netherlands would not object if Ukraine used Dutch-supplied F-16 fighters to strike targets inside Russia.[64]

See also

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Reactions
Sanctions, boycotts, censorship and cyberwarfare
Equipment

References

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  3. ^ "EU agrees to give €500M in arms, aid to Ukrainian military in 'watershed' move". Politico. 27 February 2022. Archived from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 15 January 2023.
  4. ^ "Ukraine aid: Where the money is coming from, in 4 charts". CNN. 20 March 2024. Archived from the original on 23 March 2024. Retrieved 24 March 2024.
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  22. ^ "Italians fighter jets deployed to Romania have scrambled 14 times in response to unknown aircraft in 2 months". Business Insider. 30 August 2022.
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  27. ^ "West cannot sustain arms supplies to Ukraine, claims Putin". Euronews. 26 March 2023.
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  29. ^ "Russia Says U.S. Cluster Bombs for Ukraine Show 'Weakness'". The Moscow Times. 8 July 2023.
  30. ^ Smith, Josh (11 April 2022). "Ukraine's Zelenskiy seeks military aid from South Korea". Reuters.
  31. ^ "Seoul Stands Firm on Not Sending Lethal Weapons to Ukraine". VOA News. 12 April 2023.
  32. ^ "South Korea 'not ruling out' sending weapons directly to Ukraine". France 24. 7 November 2024.
  33. ^ "South Koreans oppose arms for Ukraine as envoy visits". Reuters. 27 November 2024.
  34. ^ "Taiwan tells Kyiv mayor they both on 'frontline' resisting authoritarianism, offers aid". 22 April 2022.
  35. ^ "Israel's Netanyahu concerned its defense systems may reach Iran if sent to Ukraine". CNBC. 29 June 2023.
  36. ^ "South Africa's neutral stance on Ukraine war puts it on 'wrong side of history'". The Irish Times. 20 March 2022.
  37. ^ "Lula Brushes Off Germany's Appeal for Brazil to Send Weapons to Ukraine". Bloomberg. 30 January 2023.
  38. ^ "Germany opposes sending cluster munitions to Ukraine, minister says". Reuters. 7 July 2023.
  39. ^ "China promises not to sell arms to any party in Russia's invasion of Ukraine". PBS NewsHour. 14 April 2023.
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  41. ^ "Ukraine says it is finding more Chinese components in Russian weapons". Reuters. 17 April 2023.
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  43. ^ "Pakistan rejects reports of sending arms to Ukraine". The International News. 16 February 2023.
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  47. ^ "Zelensky asks for '1 percent' of NATO's tanks and planes". The week. 27 March 2022.
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  49. ^ a b c Tirpak, John A. (22 April 2022). "Long-Term Ukraine Aid to be Discussed at Ramstein Meeting". Airforce Magazine.
  50. ^ a b c Tani, Caterina (26 April 2022). "US Gathers Forty Allies to Help Ukraine: Help Goes Beyond NATO and Germany Conducts U-Turn". Mönch Publishing Group.
  51. ^ a b c "Secretary Austin's Opening Remarks at the Ukraine Defense Consultative Group, Ramstein Air Base, Germany (As Prepared)". U.S. Department of Defense. 26 April 2022.
  52. ^ Simon, Smale (23 April 2022). "Germany to host US-led defence meeting next week". ABC News.
  53. ^ "Russia says it plans full control of Donbas and southern Ukraine; Moldova protests". Reuters. 23 April 2022.
  54. ^ Hughes, Clyde; Haynes, Danielle (26 April 2022). "U.S. Defense chief Lloyd Austin rallies Europe to help Ukraine fight Russia". UPI.
  55. ^ "War in Ukraine: U.S. dramatically upgrades its aid package to Kyiv". Le Monde. 29 April 2022.
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  57. ^ Pallaro, Bianca; Parlapiano, Alicia (2022-05-20). "Four Ways to Understand the $54 Billion in U.S. Spending on Ukraine". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-05-24.
  58. ^ Jim Garamone (14 February 2023). "Austin: Contact Group Continues Stand With Ukrainian People". US Department of Defense (DOD News). Archived from the original on 23 February 2023. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
  59. ^ "The White House is asking for almost $106 billion for Israel, Ukraine and the border". NPR. 26 October 2023.
  60. ^ Cowan, Richard; Warburton, Moira; Zengerle, Patricia (20 April 2024). "US House passes $95 billion Ukraine, Israel aid package, sends to Senate". Reuters.
  61. ^ "Biden secretly gave Ukraine permission to strike inside Russia with US weapons". Politico. 30 May 2024.
  62. ^ "Germany allows Ukraine to strike targets inside Russia with German weapons". Politico. 31 May 2024.
  63. ^ "NATO chief: Time to rethink restrictions on Ukraine weaponry". Deutsche Welle. 30 May 2024.
  64. ^ "NATO chief reiterates Ukraine's right to strike 'legitimate military targets' inside Russia". Anadolu Agency. 31 May 2024.
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