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List of sovereign states in Europe by Human Development Index

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Map of the European countries by HDI value in 2022 (includes transcontinental countries).
Very high HDI
  ≥ 0.920
  0.890–0.919
  0.850–0.889
  0.800–0.849
High HDI
  < 0.800

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, knowledge, and a decent standard of living. It is a standard means of measuring well-being. It is used to distinguish whether the country is a developed, developing, or underdeveloped country, and also to measure the impact of economic policies on quality of life. Countries fall into four broad categories based on their HDI: very high, high, medium, and low human development. Currently, all European countries fall into the very high or high human development category.

List

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The table below presents the latest Human Development Index (HDI)[1] for countries in Europe as included in a United Nations Development Programme's Human Development Report (released in 2020).[2][3] Previous HDI values and rankings are retroactively recalculated using the same updated data sets and current methodologies, as presented in Table 2 of the Statistical Annex of the Human Development Report.[4]

Countries that are not entirely located in Europe are shown here in italics, but HDI figures are given for the whole country. Monaco and Vatican City are not ranked as they are not included in the latest report by the United Nations Development Programme. Kosovo is also not included.

List of European countries by Human Development Index
Rank Country Human Development Index (HDI)
Region World HDI 2023[5] HDI 2022 HDI 2021 HDI 2020 HDI 2019 HDI 2015
Very High Human Development
1 1  Iceland 0.972 0.964 0.967 0.965 0.969 0.956
2 2  Switzerland 0.970 0.966 0.968 0.963 0.965 0.957
 Norway 0.970 0.967 0.969 0.969 0.967 0.959
4 4  Denmark 0.962 0.959 0.958 0.954 0.953 0.943
5 5  Sweden 0.959 0.959 0.958 0.951 0.955 0.945
 Germany 0.959 0.955 0.958 0.955 0.957 0.948
6 8  Netherlands 0.955 0.953 0.951 0.945 0.950 0.940
7 10  Belgium 0.951 0.945 0.948 0.939 0.945 0.933
8 11  Ireland 0.949 0.947 0.946 0.948 0.947 0.931
9 12  Finland 0.948 0.946 0.949 0.947 0.947 0.938
10 13  United Kingdom 0.946 0.946 0.941 0.930 0.941 0.931
11 17  Liechtenstein 0.938 0.936 0.933 0.929 0.935 0.925
12 21  Slovenia 0.931 0.926 0.924 0.918 0.923 0.909
13 22  Austria 0.930 0.927 0.930 0.925 0.928 0.919
14 24  Malta 0.924 0.917 0.914 0.903 0.910 0.892
15 25  Luxembourg 0.922 0.922 0.918 0.916 0.916 0.913
16 25  Malta 0.915 0.912 0.901 0.905 0.887 0.862
17 26  France 0.920 0.916 0.915 0.909 0.914 0.901
18 28  Spain 0.918 0.911 0.912 0.901 0.910 0.895
15 29  San Marino 0.915 0.910 0.903 0.895 0.908 0.896
 Italy 0.915 0.905 0.908 0.899 0.906 0.889
 Czech Republic 0.915 0.911 0.901 0.898 0.903 0.900
17 32  Cyprus[N 1] 0.913 0.908 0.907 0.905 0.907 0.882
 Andorra 0.913 0.893 0.871 0.851 0.876 0.869
18 34  Greece 0.908 0.897 0.897 0.896 0.896 0.888
19 35  Poland 0.906 0.902 0.884 0.880 0.887 0.879
20 36  Estonia 0.905 0.902 0.899 0.901 0.901 0.888
21 39  Lithuania 0.895 0.888 0.887 0.888 0.894 0.869
22 40  Portugal 0.890 0.883 0.876 0.870 0.872 0.857
23 41  Latvia 0.889 0.881 0.871 0.879 0.880 0.859
24 42  Croatia 0.889 0.886 0.876 0.867 0.872 0.852
25 43  Slovakia 0.880 0.873 0.859 0.867 0.871 0.861
26 44  Hungary 0.870 0.867 0.852 0.857 0.861 0.853
27 45  Montenegro 0.862 0.853 0.840 0.841 0.851 0.839
27 50  Turkey[N 2] 0.853 0.853 0.841 0.838 0.841 0.821
28 55  Romania 0.845 0.840 0.829 0.832 0.838 0.823
 Bulgaria 0.845 0.835 0.817 0.826 0.835 0.824
29 57  Georgia 0.844 0.838 0.819 0.822 0.830 0.807
30 60  Kazakhstan[N 3] 0.837 0.831 0.816 0.826 0.834 0.819
31 62  Serbia 0.833 0.826 0.807 0.809 0.817 0.802
32 64  Russia 0.832 0.826 0.813 0.818 0.847 0.833
33 65  Belarus 0.824 0.824 0.817 0.815 0.826 0.825
34 68  North Macedonia 0.815 0.811 0.781 0.783 0.805 0.795
36 69  Armenia[N 4] 0.811 0.801 0.786 0.761 0.796 0.777
37 71  Albania 0.810 0.806 0.794 0.794 0.805 0.797
38 74  Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.804 0.799 0.783 0.783 0.788 0.769
High Human Development
39 81  Azerbaijan[N 5] 0.789 0.784 0.765 0.757 0.780 0.771
40 86  Moldova 0.785 0.784 0.773 0.770 0.775 0.759
41 87  Ukraine 0.779 0.772 0.772 0.783 0.789 0.778

Map

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This is the map of the list of European countries by the Human Development Index for the year 2023.[2] The colour indicators are as follows:   High Human Development and   Very High Human Development.

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Geographically, Cyprus is generally included in Western Asia or the Middle East, but it has been historically and culturally a European country.
  2. ^ The European portion of Turkey comprises 3% of the country, making it a transcontinental country.
  3. ^ Kazakhstan is mainly located in Central Asia with a small portion west of the Ural River located in Eastern Europe.
  4. ^ Armenia is located in the South Caucasus, south of the most commonly used dividing line between Europe and Asia. Some less common definitions include the entire Caucasus region in Europe. The country has political, historical and cultural ties with Europe.
  5. ^ Geographically, Azerbaijan is located in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia, straddling Western Asia and Eastern Europe.

References

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  1. ^ "Table 1: Human Development Index (HDI) and its components".
  2. ^ a b Human Development Report 2021-22 Uncertain Times, Unsettled Lives: Shaping our Future in a Transforming World. United Nations Development Programme. 8 September 2022. pp. 284–288. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
  3. ^ "Human Development Report 2019 – "Human Development Indices and Indicators"" (PDF). HDRO (Human Development Report Office) United Nations Development Programme. pp. 22–25. Retrieved 9 December 2019.
  4. ^ "Table 2: Trends in the Human Development Index, 1990-2015".
  5. ^ Human Development Report 2024-25 –Shaping Our Shared Digital Future: Implications of Artificial Intelligence for Human Development. United Nations Development Programme (published 5 May 2025). 17 May 2025. pp. 291–300.
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