Jump to content

Yu Yŏnggil

Add links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In this Korean name, the family name is Yu.
Yu Yŏnggil
Native name
유영길
Born1538
Died1601
Buried
Chungju, South Korea
AllegianceJoseon
Battles / wars
Korean name
Hangul
유영길
Hanja
柳永吉
RRYu Yeonggil
MRYu Yŏnggil
Art name
Hangul
월봉
Hanja
月蓬
RRWolbong
MRWŏlbong
Courtesy name
Hangul
덕순
Hanja
德純
RRDeoksun
MRTŏksun

Yu Yŏnggil (Korean: 유영길; Hanja: 柳永吉; 1538 – 1601) was a Korean scholar-official and military leader of the mid-Joseon period. Born 1538, he passed the state civil service examination in 1559, placing first. He held various posts including Fourth Censor, Assistant Section Chief at the Ministry of War, and Deputy Compiler at the Office of Special Advisors.

Closely aligned with Yi Chŏngbin, son of powerful official Yi Ryang, Yu was nominated in 1563 to succeed him at the Ministry of Personnel but was blocked by censorial opposition. He later served as Third Censor, Records Officer, and briefly as Inspector of Pyongan Province.

At the outbreak of the Imjin War in 1592, Yu was Governor of Kangwon Province and stationed in Chuncheon. His controversial withdrawal of Commander Wŏn Ho allowed Japanese forces to cross Namhan River unopposed, and he ordered the execution of militia leader Ko Chongkyŏng. In 1593, he became Commander-in-Chief and Right Assistant Mayor of Hansŏng, and in 1594, Relief Commissioner, though he was soon dismissed after being impeached by the censorate.

During the Chŏngyu War in 1597, Yu served as Military Protector and Magistrate of Yonan, later holding posts including Second Minister of War and Governor of Gyeonggi Province. In 1600, he was appointed Second Minister of Rites, and in 1601 served briefly as Chief Judge of the Bureau of Slaves before becoming Magistrate of Songchon, where he died. He was posthumously honored with the title of Minister of Personnel.

Early life and career

[edit]

Yu Yŏnggil was born to Yu Ŭi (유의; 柳儀[1]) and the daughter of No Ch'ŏm (노첨; 盧僉[1]).[1] In 1559, he placed first in the special state examination held in the presence of the king (알성시; 謁聖試[2]), marking his entry into the central bureaucracy.[3] In 1561, he was appointed Fourth Censor (정언; 正言[4]) at the Office of the Censor-General.[5] The following year, in 1562, he alternated between serving as Assistant Section Chief (좌랑; 佐郞[6]) at the Ministry of War and as Fourth Censor, before being appointed as Deputy Compiler (부수찬; 副修撰[7]) at the Office of Special Advisors.[8][9][10][11] In 1563, he was promoted to Fourth Inspector (지평; 持平[12]) at the Office of the Inspector-General.[13]

Relationship with Yi Ryang

[edit]

In 1545, King Myeongjong ascended the throne at the age of twelve.[14] For approximately eight years, Queen Munjeong ruled as regent, during which time the young king exercised little real power and royal authority remained weakened.[15] During her regency, her younger brother, Yun Wŏnhyŏng dominated court politics and sidelined rival factions.[16] After the regency ended, in an effort to counter Yun's influence, Myeongjong began to favor Yi Ryang and promoted him to high office.[17][18] Yu Yŏnggil, along with Yun Paekwŏn [ko] and Yi Sŏnghŏn [ko] formed close ties with Yi Ryang's son, Yi Chŏngbin [ko], aligning himself with this emerging faction.[19][20]

Yi Ryang sought to consolidate his faction's control over personnel appointments by placing allies in key positions.[21] On the 12th day of the 7th month in 1563, he appointed his son, Yi Chŏngbin, as Assistant Section Chief at the Ministry of Personnel.[22][23] Shortly thereafter, Yi Ryang himself became Minister of Personnel, violating the principle of sangp'ije (상피제; 相避制[24]), which prohibited close relatives from holding post at same office simultaneously. As a result, Yi Chŏngbin was promptly dismissed.[25] Following this, Yu Yŏnggil was nominated to fill the vacated post, but his appointment was blocked by the inspectors and censors(대간; 臺諫[26]), likely due to his known association with Yi Ryang's faction.[27][25] Instead, on the 16th day of the 7th month in 1563, Yu was appointed Third Censor (헌납; 獻納[28]) at the Office of the Censor-General.[29]

Dismissal

[edit]

On the 19th day of the 8th month in 1563, Yu Yŏnggil was appointed Records Officer (전적; 典籍[30]) at Royal Confucian Academy.[31] However, on the same day, Ki Taehang [ko], then Assistant Deputy Director (부제학; 副提學[32]) at the Office of Special Advisors, and other officials submitted a memorial impeaching Yi Ryang. King Myeongjong, increasingly uneasy about Yi's growing influence, dismissed him from office.[33] The following day, in accordance with a recommendation from the Office of the Censor-General and Office of the Inspector-General, the king ordered Yi into exile.[34][33] During this purge, Yu Yŏnggil, considered a factional ally of Yi Ryang, was also dismissed despite his brief tenure.[35][36]

In the 2nd month of 1565, Yu Yŏnggil was reinstated as Section Chief (정랑; 正郞[37]) at the Ministry of War.[38] Later, in the 11th month of the same year, he was appointed Inspector (도사; 都事[39]) of Pyongan Province.[40] However, due to his low rank and limited public support, he was dismissed within a week of assuming the post.[41]

Official Career During Seonjo reign

[edit]

During the reign of King Seonjo, Yu Yŏnggil served as Chief Director (정; 正[42]) of the Office of Royal Genealogy (종부시; 宗簿寺[43]) before being appointed Governor (관찰사; 觀察使[44]) of Kangwon Province.[45][46] He was serving in that post when the Imjin War broke out.[1]

Imjin War

[edit]

Intervention in Wŏn Ho

[edit]

In the 4th month of 1592, at the outbreak of the Imjin War, Yu Yŏnggil was serving as Governor of Kangwon Province. In the early phase of the war, he established a camp in Chuncheon to observe the situation, avoiding direct confrontation with the advancing Japanese forces.[47] On the 28th day of the 4th month in 1592, following their victory at the Battle of Chungju, the First Division under Konishi Yukinaga began moving north toward Yeoju en route to Hansŏng.[48] In response, Wŏn Ho, the Auxiliary Defense Commander (조방장; 助防將[49]) of Kangwon Province, fortified his position at Silleuksa on the Namhan River in an effort to block the crossing.[49]

However, Yu, prioritizing the defense of the province itself, ordered Wŏn to withdraw and reposition to the interior.[50] As a result, the Japanese forces crossed the Namhan River with little resistance and entered Hansŏng on the 2nd day of the 5th month.[51][52] Wŏn Ho later regrouped his troops and advanced toward Yeoju, where he defeated the Japanese at the Battle of Yeogang on the 22nd day of the 5th month.[53] He achieved another victory at the Battle of Kŭmip'o (구미포; 龜尾浦[54]) in the 6th month, significantly contributing to the defense of Yeoju.[55] Subsequently, Yu ordered Wŏn to march north and attack Japanese stationed in Kimhwa.[56][57] Wŏn complied, but on the 19th day of the 6th month, he was killed in action while engaging in an ambush against the enemy.[58]

Execution of Ko Chonggyŏng

[edit]

On the 26th day of the 6th month in 1592, three brothers—Ko Chongwŏn (고종원; 高宗遠[59]), Ko Chonggil (고종길; 高宗吉[59]), and Ko Chonggyŏng (고종경; 高宗慶[59])—raised a righteous army in the Yeongwol region of Kangwon Province, with Ko Chonggyŏng appointed as the militia leader.[60] Yu Yŏnggil assigned approximately 500 government troops to Ko's command and ordered him to lead the combined force to Hungwŏn for military operations.[61] During the march, however, some government soldiers deserted, delaying their arrival.[62] Holding Ko responsible for a breach of military discipline, Yu ordered his arrest and had him escorted to Yeongwol, where he instructed the magistrate Kwŏn Tumun to execute him.[63]

Kwŏn, who was concurrently serving as magistrate of Yeongwol, carefully examined the case.[62] Taking into account petitions from local residents and recommendations from regional officials, he determined that Ko was not seriously at fault and reported these findings to Yu in an official dispatch.[62] However, before the report could reach its destination, Kwŏn—acting on Yu's initial order—carried out the execution.[62] Yu later issued a pardon for Ko, but the reprieve arrived only after the sentence had been carried out.[62]

Dismissal and reappointment

[edit]

On the 9th day of the 8th month in 1592, Yu Yŏnggil was dismissed from his post as Governor of Kangwon Province and was succeeded by Kang Sin (강신; 姜紳[64]).[65][66] However, due to Kang's failure to maintain regional defenses, Yu was reinstated to the position in the 10th month of the same year.[67] He later held various central government posts, including Commander-in-Chief (도총관; 都摠官[68]), Right Assistant Mayor (우윤; 右尹[69]) of Hansŏng, and Relief Commissioner (진휼사; 賑恤使[70]).[71][72][73] Despite these appointments, he faced repeated censure from censorial officials aligned with the Easterners, and was ultimately removed from office.[3][1]

Following his dismissal, Yu retired from political life and settled in Chungju, distancing himself from the Northerners, such as Yi Ich'ŏm [ko].[3] In 1597, after the outbreak of the Chŏngyu War, he was appointed first as Military Protector (호군; 護軍[74]), and then as Magistrate of Yonan.[75] However, at the time, he was stationed in Suan County escorting the Queen Uiin, which delayed his assumption of office.[76] As a result, the Office of the Censor-General recommended appointing someone who could take up the post immediately, and Yu ultimately did not assume the office.[76]

Final years

[edit]

In 1598, Yu Yŏnggil was appointed Second Minister (참판; 參判[77]) of Taxation.[78] He subsequently served as Right Assistant Mayor of Hansŏng and Second Deputy Director (동지사; 同知事[79]) of the State Tribunal, before being appointed Governor of Gyeonggi Province in 1599.[80][81][82] In 1600, the Office of the Inspector-General submitted a memorial requesting his dismissal due to advanced age; this recommendation was accepted, and he was reassigned as Second Minister of Rites.[83][84][1] In 1601, he briefly served as Chief Judge (판결사; 判決事[85]) of the Bureau of Slaves (장례원; 掌禮院[86]) before being appointed Magistrate of Songchon.[87][88]

Death

[edit]

Yu Yŏnggil died in 1601 and was buried in Salmi-myeon, Chungju.[89] After his death, he was posthumously honored with the title of Minister of Personnel.[3]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f 유영길 (柳永吉) [Yu Yŏnggil]. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 2025-06-25.
  2. ^ 알성시 (謁聖試) [Alsŏngsi]. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 2025-06-26.
  3. ^ a b c d 이, 성호. 유영길 [Yu Yŏnggil]. Encyclopedia of Korean Local Culture Chungju edition (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 2025-06-24.
  4. ^ 정언 (正言) [Chŏngŏn]. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 2025-06-26.
  5. ^ 명종실록27권, 명종 16년 7월 3일 신묘 1번째기사 [Veritable Records of Myeongjong 3rd day, 7th month of 1561, 1st Article]. Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty (in Korean). National Institute of Korean History. Retrieved 2025-06-26.
  6. ^ 좌랑 (佐郞) [Chwarang]. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 2025-06-20.
  7. ^ 부수찬 (副修撰) [Pusuch'an]. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 2025-06-26.
  8. ^ 명종실록28권, 명종 17년 5월 6일 기축 2번째기사 [Veritable Records of Myeongjong 6th day, 5th month of 1562, 2nd Article]. Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty (in Korean). National Institute of Korean History. Retrieved 2025-06-26.
  9. ^ 명종실록28권, 명종 17년 7월 26일 무신 1번째기사 [Veritable Records of Myeongjong 26th day, 7th month of 1562, 1st Article]. Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty (in Korean). National Institute of Korean History. Retrieved 2025-06-26.
  10. ^ 명종실록28권, 명종 17년 8월 12일 갑자 1번째기사 [Veritable Records of Myeongjong 12th day, 8th month of 1562, 1st Article]. Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty (in Korean). National Institute of Korean History. Retrieved 2025-06-26.
  11. ^ 명종실록28권, 명종 17년 9월 26일 정미 1번째기사 [Veritable Records of Myeongjong 26th day, 9th month of 1562, 1st Article]. Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty (in Korean). National Institute of Korean History. Retrieved 2025-06-26.
  12. ^ 지평 (持平) [Chip'yŏng]. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 2025-06-26.
  13. ^ 명종실록29권, 명종 18년 2월 14일 계해 1번째기사 [Veritable Records of Myeongjong 14th day, 2nd month of 1563, 1st Article]. Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty (in Korean). National Institute of Korean History. Retrieved 2025-06-26.
  14. ^ 명종 (明宗) [Myeongjong of Joseon]. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 2025-06-26.
  15. ^ 김 1993, pp. 19.
  16. ^ 김 1993, p. 6.
  17. ^ 김 1993, p. 27.
  18. ^ 이 1993, pp. 77–79.
  19. ^ 김 1996, p. 104.
  20. ^ 김 1996, pp. 104–105.
  21. ^ 김 1993, pp. 30–31.
  22. ^ 김 1993, p. 31.
  23. ^ 명종실록29권, 명종 18년 7월 12일 무자 1번째기사 [Veritable Records of Myeongjong 12th day, 7th month of 1563, 1st Article]. Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty (in Korean). National Institute of Korean History. Retrieved 2025-06-26.
  24. ^ 상피제 (相避制) [Sangp'ije]. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 2025-06-26.
  25. ^ a b 김 1993, p. 32.
  26. ^ 대간 (臺諫) [Taegan]. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 2025-06-24.
  27. ^ 이 1993, p. 85.
  28. ^ 헌납 (獻納) [Hŏnnap]. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 2025-06-26.
  29. ^ 명종실록29권, 명종 18년 7월 16일 임진 1번째기사 [Veritable Records of Myeongjong 16th day, 7th month of 1563, 1st Article]. Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty (in Korean). National Institute of Korean History. Retrieved 2025-06-26.
  30. ^ 전적 (典籍) [Chŏnjŏk]. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 2025-06-26.
  31. ^ 명종실록29권, 명종 18년 8월 19일 을축 3번째기사 [Veritable Records of Myeongjong 19th day, 8th month of 1563, 3rd Article]. Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty (in Korean). National Institute of Korean History. Retrieved 2025-06-26.
  32. ^ 부제학 (副提學) [Pujehak]. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 2025-06-26.
  33. ^ a b 이 1993, p. 86.
  34. ^ 명종실록29권, 명종 18년 8월 19일 을축 2번째기사 [Veritable Records of Myeongjon 19th day, 8th month of 1563, 2nd article]. Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty (in Korean). National Institute of Korean History. Retrieved 2025-06-26.
  35. ^ 명종실록29권, 명종 18년 8월 20일 병인 1번째기사 [Veritable Records of Myeongjong 20th day, 8th month of 1563, 1st Article]. Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty (in Korean). National Institute of Korean History. Retrieved 2025-06-26.
  36. ^ 이 1993, pp. 86–88.
  37. ^ 정랑 (正郞) [Chŏngnang]. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 2025-06-26.
  38. ^ 명종실록31권, 명종 20년 2월 8일 을해 1번째기사 [Veritable Records of Myeongjong 8th day, 2nd month of 1565, 1st Article]. Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty (in Korean). National Institute of Korean History. Retrieved 2025-06-26.
  39. ^ 도사 (都事) [Tosa]. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 2025-06-26.
  40. ^ 명종실록31권, 명종 20년 11월 9일 임인 2번째기사 [Veritable Records of Myeonjong 9th day, 11th month of 1565, 2nd article]. Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty (in Korean). National Institute of Korean History. Retrieved 2025-06-26.
  41. ^ 명종실록31권, 명종 20년 11월 16일 기유 2번째기사 [Veritable Records of Myeongjong 16th day, 11th month of 1565, 2nd Article]. Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty (in Korean). National Institute of Korean History. Retrieved 2025-06-26.
  42. ^ 정 (正) [Chŏng]. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 2025-06-24.
  43. ^ 종부시 (宗簿寺) [Chongbusi]. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 2025-06-26.
  44. ^ 관찰사 (觀察使) [Kwanch'alsa]. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 2025-06-20.
  45. ^ 선조실록14권, 선조 13년 5월 18일 병술 1번째기사 [Veritable Records of Seonjo 18th day, 5th month of 1580, 1st Article]. Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty (in Korean). National Institute of Korean History. Retrieved 2025-06-26.
  46. ^ 선조실록23권, 선조 22년 7월 3일 무신 2번째기사 [Veritable Records of Seonjo 3rd day, 7th month of 1589, 2nd Article]. Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty (in Korean). National Institute of Korean History. Retrieved 2025-06-26.
  47. ^ Kitajima 2019, p. 189.
  48. ^ 정 2009b, pp. 135–136.
  49. ^ a b 신 2005, p. 227.
  50. ^ 정 2009a, p. 70.
  51. ^ 이 2007, p. 54.
  52. ^ 이 2007, p. 55.
  53. ^ 정 2009b, p. 137-138.
  54. ^ 정 2009b, p. 139.
  55. ^ 정 2009a, p. 72.
  56. ^ 선조수정실록26권, 선조 25년 6월 1일 기축 35번째기사 [Revised Veritable Records of Seonjo 6th month of 1592, 35th article]. Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty (in Korean). National Institute of Korean History. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  57. ^ Kitajima 2019, p. 190.
  58. ^ 정 2009a, p. 74.
  59. ^ a b c 손 2014, p. 26.
  60. ^ 신 2024, pp. 26–27.
  61. ^ 정, 용건. 임진의병장 고종경 창의비 [Monument to the Founding of the Rigtheous Army by General Ko Chonggyŏng in the Imjin War]. Encyclopedia of Korean Local Culture Yeongwol edition (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  62. ^ a b c d e 신 2024, p. 27.
  63. ^ 방, 기철. 임진왜란 [Imjin War]. Encyclopedia of Korean Local Culture Yeongwol edition (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  64. ^ 선조실록31권, 선조 25년 10월 19일 을사 1번째기사 [Veritable Records of Seonjo 19th day, 10th month of 1592, 1st article]. Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty (in Korean). National Institute of Korean History. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  65. ^ 선조실록31권, 선조 25년 10월 12일 무술 4번째기사 [Veritable Records of Seonjo 12th day, 10th month of 1592, 4th article]. Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty (in Korean). National Institute of Korean History. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  66. ^ 조 & 최 2020, p. 105.
  67. ^ 선조실록31권, 선조 25년 10월 18일 갑진 4번째기사 [Veritable Records of Seonjo 18th day, 10th month of 1592, 4th article]. Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty (in Korean). National Institute of Korean History. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  68. ^ 도총관 (都摠官) [Toch'onggwan]. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  69. ^ 우윤 (右尹) [Uyun]. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  70. ^ 진휼청 (賑恤廳) [Chinhyulch'ŏng]. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  71. ^ 선조실록39권, 선조 26년 6월 7일 경인 3번째기사 [Veritable Records of Seonjo 7th day, 6th month of 1592, 3rd article]. Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty (in Korean). National Institute of Korean History. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  72. ^ 선조실록39권, 선조 26년 6월 12일 을미 7번째기사 [Veritable Records of Seonjo 12th day, 6th month of 1592, 7th article]. Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty (in Korean). National Institute of Korean History. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  73. ^ 선조실록45권, 선조 26년 윤11월 6일 병술 2번째기사 [Veritable Records of Seonjo 6th day, 11th leap month of 1593, 2nd article]. Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty (in Korean). National Institute of Korean History. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  74. ^ 호군 (護軍) [Hogun]. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  75. ^ 선조실록88권, 선조 30년 5월 23일 계축 2번째기사 [Veritable Records of Seonjo 23rd day, 5th month of 1597, 2nd article]. Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty (in Korean). National Institute of Korean History. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  76. ^ a b 선조실록93권, 선조 30년 10월 9일 병인 3번째기사 [Veritable Records of Seonjo 9th day, 10th month of 1597, 3rd article]. Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty (in Korean). National Institute of Korean History. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  77. ^ 참판 (參判) [Ch'amp'an]. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  78. ^ 선조실록107권, 선조 31년 12월 22일 계유 3번째기사 [Veritable Records of Seonjo 22nd day, 12th month of 1598, 3rd article]. Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty (in Korean). National Institute of Korean History. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  79. ^ 동지사 (同知事) [Tongjisa]. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  80. ^ 선조실록113권, 선조 32년 5월 27일 갑술 4번째기사 [Veritable Records of Seonjo 27th day, 5th month of 1599, 4th article]. Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty (in Korean). National Institute of Korean History. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  81. ^ 선조실록116권, 선조 32년 8월 8일 갑신 2번째기사 [Veritable Records of Seonjo 8th day, 8th month of 1599, 2nd article]. Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty (in Korean). National Institute of Korean History. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  82. ^ 선조실록120권, 선조 32년 12월 10일 을유 3번째기사 [Veritable Records of Seonjo 10th day, 12th month of 1599, 3rd article]. Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty (in Korean). National Institute of Korean History. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  83. ^ 선조실록122권, 선조 33년 2월 15일 기축 1번째기사 [Veritable Records of Seonjo 15th day, 2nd month of 1600, 1st article]. Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty (in Korean). National Institute of Korean History. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  84. ^ 선조실록126권, 선조 33년 6월 28일 기해 5번째기사 [Veritable Records of Seonjo 28th day, 6th month of 1600, 5th article]. Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty (in Korean). National Institute of Korean History. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  85. ^ 판결사 (判決事) [P'an'gyŏlsa]. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  86. ^ 장례원 (掌禮院) [Changnyewŏn]. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  87. ^ 선조실록137권, 선조 34년 5월 3일 경자 2번째기사 [Veritable Records of Seonjo 3rd day, 5th month of 1601, 2nd article]. Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty (in Korean). National Institute of Korean History. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  88. ^ 선조실록137권, 선조 34년 5월 20일 정사 8번째기사 [Veritable Records of Seonjo 20th day, 5th month of 1601, 8th article]. Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty (in Korean). National Institute of Korean History. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  89. ^ 김, 병구. 유영길 묘 [Tomb of Yu Yeonggil]. Encyclopedia of Korean Local Culture Chungju edition (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 2025-06-27.

Sources

[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yu_Yŏnggil&oldid=1304247162"