Xeromphalina campanella
| Xeromphalina campanella | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Mycenaceae |
| Genus: | Xeromphalina |
| Species: | X. campanella
|
| Binomial name | |
| Xeromphalina campanella | |
Xeromphalina campanella | |
|---|---|
 | Gills on hymenium |
 | Cap is convex or depressed |
 | Hymenium is decurrent |
 | Stipe is bare |
 | Spore print is white |
 | Ecology is saprotrophic |
 | Edibility is unknown or inedible |
Xeromphalina campanella is a species of mushroom. The common names of the species include the golden trumpet and the bell Omphalina. It is a cold-tolerent species found throughout Nort America and Eurasia. Another species that is similar ro Xeromphalina campanella is Xeromphalina enigmatica. looks the same but doesn’t interbreed with it. It’s found in both Eurasia and North America and has some populations that are geographically separated and reproductively isolated.[2]
Taxonomy
[edit]The genus name Xeromphalina means "little dry navel" and campanella means "bell-shaped", respectively describing the mature and young shapes of the cap.[3] The mushroom is also called fuzzy-foot.[4]
Description
[edit]The fruit body of X. campanella has a small umbrella-shaped cap, about .5–2 centimetres (1⁄4–3⁄4 in) wide.[5] As it matures, the outer part of the cap expands and rises, leaving the center depressed somewhat like a navel.[6] The thin brown stalk is 1–5 cm (1⁄2–2 in) long and 1–3 millimetres (1⁄16–1⁄8 in) wide, yellow at the apex, reddish-brown below, with brown or yellow hairs at the base.[5][7] The gills are pale yellow to pale orange.[5] The flesh is tannish and mild tasting.[8] The spore print is pale buff.[7]
Similar species
[edit]Xeromphalina campanelloides is distinguishable via microscopic features.[9] Xeromphalina kauffmanii resembles the species, but has a more yellow cap[9] and grows on decaying wood of broad-leaved trees.[3] Xeromphalina brunneola also resembles the species, but has smaller, narrowly elliptical spores, and differs in odor, taste, and cap color.[10] Xeromphalina cauticinalis, X. cornui, and X. fulvipes are also similar.[9]
Habitat and distribution
[edit]The fruiting occurs in clumps or very dense clusters on decaying logs, stumps, and woody debris of coniferous trees. The species is commonly found in North America.[7] At times, the species almost entirely covers old tree stumps.[3] The species can be found in any wet season of the year.[6]
Edibility
[edit]Although the species is not poisonous,[3] the mushrooms are small and bitter tasting, leading to their often being considered inedible.[6][11][12] In 2006, one author noted that they were privately consumed.[13]
References
[edit]- ^ "Xeromphalina campanella". Mycobank. Retrieved 21 December 2015.
- ^ Aldrovandi, M. S. P.; Johnson, J. E.; OMeara, B.; Petersen, R. H.; Hughes, K. W. (2015-11-01). "The Xeromphalina campanella/kauffmanii complex: species delineation and biogeographical patterns of speciation". Mycologia. 107 (6): 1270–1284. doi:10.3852/15-087. ISSN 0027-5514.
- ^ a b c d C. Roody, William (2003). Mushrooms of West Virginia and the Central Appalachians. University Press of Kentucky. p. 124. ISBN 978-0-8131-9039-6.
- ^ G. Cassidy, Frediric (1991). Dictionary of American Regional English: D - H, Volume 2. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-20511-6.
- ^ a b c Davis, R. Michael; Sommer, Robert; Menge, John A. (2012). Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 170. ISBN 978-0-520-95360-4. OCLC 797915861.
- ^ a b c Metzler, Susan and Van (1992). Texas mushrooms: a field guide. University of Texas Press. p. 150. ISBN 978-0-292-75125-5.
- ^ a b c McKnight, Kent H.; McKnight, Vera B. (1998) [1987]. A Field Guide to Mushrooms: North America. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 196, 270. ISBN 978-0395910900.
- ^ Audubon (2023). Mushrooms of North America. Knopf. p. 378. ISBN 978-0-593-31998-7.
- ^ a b c Trudell, Steve; Ammirati, Joe (2009). Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest. Timber Press Field Guides. Portland, OR: Timber Press. pp. 132–133. ISBN 978-0-88192-935-5.
- ^ Bessette, Alan (1995). Mushrooms of North America in color. Syracuse University Press. p. 93. ISBN 978-0-8156-0323-8.
- ^ Miller Jr., Orson K.; Miller, Hope H. (2006). North American Mushrooms: A Field Guide to Edible and Inedible Fungi. Guilford, CN: FalconGuide. p. 193. ISBN 978-0-7627-3109-1.
- ^ Arora, David (1986). Mushrooms Demystified: A Comprehensive Guide to the Fleshy Fungi. Ten Speed Press. p. 634. ISBN 978-0-89815-169-5.
- ^ Russel, Bill (2006). Field guide to wild mushrooms of Pennsylvania and the Mid-Atlantic. Penn State Press. p. 203. ISBN 978-0-271-02891-0.