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Native Americans //

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Several Native American sites have been found, including around Lavon Lake and Sisyer Grove Creek.[1]

The Tonkawa were the first group of Native Americans that settlers arriving in Collin County encountered and became aware of. Due to white settlement of land to the east of Collin County, the Cherokee and the Delaware were forced out of their hunting grounds and found new hunting grounds in Collin County around 1820. The Kickapoo arrived in Collin County from the Indian Territory about the same time as the Cherokee and the Delaware. The Cherokee, Delaware, and Kickapoo were allowed to be in Collin County by the Caddo Confederacy which ruled north Texas . The Comanche also had a presence in Collin County engaging in skirmishes against white settlers.[2]

American settlement //

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Collin County was founded on April 3rd, 1846, with the land making up the county originally being a part of Fannin County.[2] The original county seat for Collin County was Buckner, but was moved to McKinney in 1848 since Buckner wasn't within three miles of the county center.[3][4] Both the county and the county seat were named after Collin McKinney (1766-1861),[5] one of the five men who drafted the Texas Declaration of Independence[6] and one of the 59 men who signed it.[7]

Settlers who came into Collin County faced skirmishes with bands of Comanches and Cherokees[2] alongside occasional outbreaks of violence with the Caddo.[4] There were no extended period of conflicts however as by the mid 1850s, the Caddo has withdrew Collin County[4] and other Native Americans were sent to reservations in Texas.[2]

The first settlers of Collin County were farmers who lived near streams and ran small family farms. Unlike the rest of the American South, slavery never took a strong hold in Collin County due to the lack of navigable rivers and railroads to transport cash crops to market where it could be sold.[4]

Civil War

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Like many counties in North Texas, Collin County voted against secession from the United States with 70% of voter voting against secession. This is mainly due to the relatively weak hold of slavery in Collin County and the influence of James W. Throckmorton, who had represented Collin County in both the Texas Senate and the Texas House of Representatives.[4][8] Nonetheless, Collin County contributed troops to fight for the Confederacy during the American Civil War. Muster rolls recorded more than 1,500 men enlisted to fight for the Confederacy.[9]

Reconstruction and the late 19th century

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Coming out of the Civil War, Collin County had a completely stagnant economy. This was made possible by pre-existing transportation issue such as the lack or railroads denying ease of transport to markets where crops could be sold. Due to the lack or railroads, farmers in Collin County had to rely on wagons to transport their crops over long distances to market, a practice which proved costly for farmers in the county.[9][10] Violence occurred in Collin County between Unionists and Confederate sympathizers with the most notable conflict being the Lee-Peacock feud which began in 1867 between Confederate veteran Bob Lee and Lewis Peacock, who was associated with the Union League. While Bob Lee was ambushed and killed by soldiers from the 6th Cavalry Regiment in 1869, retaliatory violence did not stop until the assassination of Lewis Peacock in his home in 1871.[9] Farmersville was among the locations where killings occurred as a result of the feud.[4]

1880 Map of the Houston and Texas Central Railway, the city of Melissa, McKinney, and Plano are connected by the railway to the port city of Houston.
1880 Map of the Houston and Texas Central Railway.

The stagnating state of the economy of Collin County would change with the arrival of the railroads. In 1872, the Houston and Texas Central Railroad arrived in Collin County connecting McKinney and Plano to markets as far south as Houston, ushering in a 50 year period of economic growth inside the county. More railroad lines such as the Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railroad and the Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railway were also built in the following decades.[4] The city of Allen, Anna, and Melissa owe their names and existence to those associated with the Houston and Texas Central Railroad.[11][12][13]

Collin County, originally reliant on corn and wheat,[4] began to shift its agricultural production to produce more cotton with the arrival of the railroads.[9] By 1870, 4,371 bales of cotton were produced in the county[10] and by 1876, 10,000 acres of cotton were being planted in Collin County. Nonetheless, corn still reign as the dominant crop being grown in Collin County.[9]

20th century

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Continuing into the 20th century, Collin County continued its agricultural boom. By 1900 Collin County was ranked 14th in the United States in agricultural production with 509,419 acres being cultivated in Collin County. Cotton also became the dominant crop in Collin County with 176,901 acres of cotton being cultivated in 1920 compared to 73,258 acres of corn in 1920 and 15,082 acres of wheat in 1910.[10] By 1926, the county became the 6th largest cotton producing county in the United States.[14]

  1. ^ https://content.civicplus.com/api/assets/209b08df-6c12-4483-a225-bf822e71dc5b?cache=1800
  2. ^ a b c d Beam, Harold (August 1951). A History of Collin County, Texas (Bachelor of Arts thesis). University of Texas at Austin. Retrieved February 2, 2025.
  3. ^ "Our History | McKinney, TX - Official Website". www.mckinneytexas.org. Retrieved 2025-02-03.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h Association, Texas State Historical. "Collin County". Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 2025-02-03.
  5. ^ Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. p. 87.
  6. ^ "Texas Declaration of Independence | Texas State Library". www.tsl.texas.gov. Archived from the original on 2024-12-26. Retrieved 2025-02-03.
  7. ^ "Texas Declaration of Independence, March 2, 1836 | TSLAC". www.tsl.texas.gov. Archived from the original on 2024-09-20. Retrieved 2025-02-03.
  8. ^ Association, Texas State Historical. "Throckmorton, James Webb". Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 2025-02-03.
  9. ^ a b c d e Thompson, Jesse (August 2015). "Reconstruction in Collin County, Texas, 1865-1876" (PDF) (Master of Arts thesis). University of North Texas. Retrieved February 4, 2025.
  10. ^ a b c Farmer, Randolph W. (2011). From Blackland Prairie to blacktop: a history of Collin County. North Texas History Center (1st ed.). San Antonio, TX: Historical Pub. Network. ISBN 978-1-935377-44-3.
  11. ^ Association, Texas State Historical. "Allen, TX". Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 2025-02-09.
  12. ^ Association, Texas State Historical. "Melissa, TX". Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 2025-02-09.
  13. ^ Association, Texas State Historical. "Anna, TX". Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 2025-02-09.
  14. ^ "McKinney, Texas | Advisory Council on Historic Preservation". www.achp.gov. Retrieved 2025-03-24.
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