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Tommaso da Imola was a 15th century Italian Condottiero.

Albania

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In 1464, the Republic of Venice decided to aid Skanderbeg in his war with the Ottomans by sending 500 cavalry and 500 infantry under the condottiero Antonio da Cosenza, also known as Cimarosto.[1] Tommaso of Imola was one of the mercenary captains serving under Cimarosto. In the April 1465 Battle of Vajkal, Imola's men took heavy casualties - he had only 33 men left out of a force of 160.[2] Tommaso is next mentioned as a Constable in June 1469, in the instructions to the new Conte et Capetanio of Scutari, Giosafat Barbaro.[3]

Cyprus

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In early 1472, Tommaso da Imola was dismissed from Venetian service for suspected disloyalty, [4] but by 1473, Tommaso was working for Giosafat Barbaro again, who had been selected an ambassador to the first ambassador to the Aq Qoyunlu state of Uzun Hasan in Persia, due to Barbaro's experience in the Crimean, Muscovy, and Tartary.[5][6] Tommaso was now a Captain, in charge four constables and two hundred gunners and crossbowmen.[7] The plan was for Tommaso and his troops to train the Persian army so that they could better fight against Mehmet II, Sultan of the Turks in Constantinople.[8]

In February 1473, Barbaro and Tommaso left Venice and traveled to Zadar, where Barbaro met with representatives of Naples and the Papal court.[9][6] From there, they traveled by way of Corfu, Modon, Corone reaching Rhodes and then Cyprus.[9][10]

The Eastern Mediterranean in 1450, showing Venetian possessions in green

The Kingdom of Cyprus's position off the coast of Anatolia was in a key position for supplying, not just Uzun Hassan in Persia, but the Venetian allies of Caramania and Scandelore (present day Alanya) and the Venetian fleet under Pietro Mocenigo was used to defend communication lines to them.[11] King James II of Cyprus had attempted to ally with Caramania and Scandelore, as well as the Sultan of Egypt, against the Turks.[12]

The Emir of Scandelore fell to the Turks in 1473 in spite of military aid from the Kingdom of Cyprus.[12] The power of Caramania was broken.[13] James II entered into negotiations with the Turks.[13] At first he refused to let the Venetian galleys with their munitions land in the port of Famagusta.[14] When Barbaro and the Venetian ambassador, Nicolo Pasqualigo, attempted to persuade James II to change his mind, the King threatened to destroy the galleys and kill every man on board.[14]

King James II of Cyprus died in July 1473, leaving Queen Catherine a pregnant widow.[15] James had appointed a seven-member council, which contained Venetian Andrea Cornaro, a relative of the Queen, as well as Marin Rizzo and Giovanni Fabrice, agents of the Kingdom of Naples who opposed Venetian influence.[16] Queen Catherine gave birth to a son, James II in August 1473., with Admiral Pietro Mocenigo and other Venetian officials acting as godfathers.[17]

Once the Venetian fleet left, there was a revolt by pro-Neapolitan forces, which resulted in the deaths of the Queen's uncle and cousin.[17] The Archbishop of Nicosia, Juan Tafures the Count of Tripoli, the Count of Jaffa, and Marin Rizzo seized Famagusta, capturing the Queen and the newborn King.[17] Tommaso and his soldiers protected Ambassador Barbaro and Bailo Pasqualigo during the unrest.[18] The conspirators made several attempts to persuade Tommaso of Imola and Giosafat Barbaro to hand over the soldiers' arms. After consulting with Bailo Pasqualigo, they decided to disarm Tommaso's men, but keep the weapons.[19] Later, Tommaso, his troops, and Ambassador Barbaro withdrew to one of the galleys.[20] By the time Admiral Mocenigo returned to Cyprus, the rebels were quarreling among themselves and the people of Nicosia and Famagusta had risen against them.[21] The uprising was suppressed, those ringleaders who did not flee were executed, and Cyprus became a Venetian client state.[11] The Venetian Senate authorized Tommaso and his troops to stay in Cyprus.[22]

The fleet under Admiral Mocenigo captured Selefke and other parts of the coast of Asia Minor. Barbaro and Tommaso took part in this campaign, but they were unable to find a safe route to move Tommaso, his men, and the munitions to Persia.[23][24] Tommaso da Imola instead delivered the munitions to Caramania.[25]

Friuli

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In 1478, Tommaso da Imola was in charge of 500 troops, defending Gradisca d'Isonzo from possible Ottoman raids.[26]

War of Ferrara

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By 1482, Tommaso da Imola led a troop of 20 cavalry serving under Roberto da San Severino. He advanced into Rovigo with Andrea da Parma. In spring of 1482, he captured Castelguglielmo, near Boara Pisani. Taking charge of three companies of infantry at Crocetta del Montello, he went to beseige the d'Este forces at Melara, taking it in a night assault.[26]

That summer, Tommaso took part in the siege of Ficarolo. His troops and those of Pietro Carlino scaled the wall. Though initially driven off, they were able to capture the town.[26] After the capture of Ficarolo, the Bondeno-Stellata line of forts became crucial to suppling the Ferrarese.Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page).

Tommaso then joined the forces of Antonio da Marciano, along with Bartolommeo Faliero. Their forces were defeated at San Biagio delle Vezzane when Ercole I d'Este counter-attacked. Marciano was captured. Faliero was killed and most of his force was destroyed. Tommaso retreated to the Po River, where he was rescued by the Venetian fleet.[26][27][28]

In the September of 1483, the new Venetian Captain General, Duke René of Lorraine ordered Tommaso da Imola , commander of the garrison at Ficarolo, and the Provveditore Giovanni Emo to attack the Rocca Possent (Great Fortress) of Stellata, while the Duke threatened Ferrara. Tommaso advanced from Ficarolo with 2000 infantry and cavalry, while the fortress had only 300. They routed a small blocking force at Bondeno. The fortress outerworks were seized and the gate was set in fire before reinforcements under Ercole I d'Este arrived from Ferrara and Bondeno, defeating the Venetians. Provveditore Emo fell from his horse and died of his injuries a few days later. Tommaso da Imola suffered two serious wounds, and was captured, with most of his men drowning or being killed. He was imprisoned in the Castelvecchio in Ferrara, where he died three days later. Tommaso was buried in Ferrara's Church of San Domenico.[26][29][30][31][32] Tommaso's heirs, mentioned in his will, were Matteo, Francesco, and Siverio De' Buontempi of Imola.[33]

References

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  1. ^ [1],Gjergj Kastrioti Skënderbeu: jeta dhe vepra, 1405–1468, Kristo Frashëri,Botimet Toena, 2002, p.418 ISBN 99927-1-627-4
  2. ^ “Turcica, Volume 31”, Université de Strasbourg, 1999, pg. 265
  3. ^ “Archivio veneto”, Rinaldo Fulin, Venezia, A spese della R. Deputazion, 1914, pg. 46 [2]
  4. ^ “Das venezianische Albanien (1392-1479)”, Oliver Jens Schmitt, Oldenbourg, 2001, pg. 520 [3], ISBN 3486565699
  5. ^ Historical account of discoveries and travels in Asia, Hugh Murray, Edinburgh, A. Constable and Co; 1820., p.10
  6. ^ a b Marangoni & Stocchi 1996, pp. 19.
  7. ^ Fulin 1914, pp. 47.
  8. ^ “Ristretto storico della citta d'Imola ”, Giulio Cesare Cerchiari , 1848, pg. 214 [4]
  9. ^ a b Babinger 1992, pp. 319.
  10. ^ Lockhart, Morozzo della Rocca & Tiepolo 1973, pp. 19.
  11. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference google161 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ a b Hill 1952, pp. 623.
  13. ^ a b Hill 1952, pp. 624.
  14. ^ a b Hill 1952, pp. 626.
  15. ^ Venetian studies, Horatio Forbes Brown, London, K. Paul, Trench & Co, 1887, p.310
  16. ^ Brown 1887, pp. 311.
  17. ^ a b c Brown 1887, pp. 312.
  18. ^ Fulin 1914, pp. 54.
  19. ^ Hill 1952, pp. 674.
  20. ^ Hill 1952, pp. 682.
  21. ^ Brown 1887, pp. 313.
  22. ^ Hill 1952, pp. 662.
  23. ^ “E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam”, M. Th. Houtsma, New York, E.J. Brill, 1993, p.1067 [5] ISBN 9004097961
  24. ^ “Cilicia and its governors”, William Burckhardt Barker;London : Ingram, Cooke, and Co., 1853., p.61 [6]
  25. ^ Damiani, Roberto (2012). "Tommaso da Imola". Condottieri di Ventura. Retrieved July 29, 2025.
  26. ^ a b c d e Damiani 2012.
  27. ^ “Le Storie De Suoi Tempi”, Sigismundo dei Conti, Roma , 1883 , pg.128 [7]
  28. ^ Zanella 1997, pp. 3.
  29. ^ Fulin 1914, pp. 85.
  30. ^ Conti 1883, pp. 182.
  31. ^ Zanella 1997, pp. 4–5.
  32. ^ “Memorie per la storia di Ferrara”, Antonio Frizzi, Gaetano Frizzi, 1796, pg. 133-134 [8]
  33. ^ Cerchiari 1848, pp. 215.
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