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Tugulu Group

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Tugulu Group
Stratigraphic range: Early Cretaceous
The Shengjinkou Formation, which makes up part of the Tugulu Group. Photographed before 2021.
TypeGroup
Sub-unitsQingshuihe, Hutubihe, Shengjinkou & Lianmuqin Formations
UnderliesDonggou & Kumutake Formations
OverliesKalaza Formation
Thickness150–1,640 m (490–5,380 ft)
Location
RegionXinjiang
CountryChina
ExtentJunggar Basin

The Tugulu Group (simplified Chinese: 吐谷鲁群; traditional Chinese: 吐谷魯群; pinyin: Tǔgǔlǔ Qún) is a geological Group in Xinjiang, China whose strata date back to the Early Cretaceous. Dinosaur skeletal remains and footprints are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.[1][2][3][4]

Vertebrate paleofauna

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Dinosaurs

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Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.
Dinosaurs
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Asiatosaurus[5] A. mongoliensis[5]
Xiyunykus
Kelmayisaurus[5][6] K. petrolicus[5] Maxilla and dentary[7]
Xinjiangovenator X. parvus Tibia and phalanges[8] Formerly thought to be a representative of Phaedrolosaurus ilikensis.[5]

Phaedrolosaurus

P. ilikensis

A tooth[9]

Psittacosaurus[5] P. xinjiangensis[5] Several specimens of different ages and sizes, holotype and most complete specimen belonging to a juvenile An early ceratopsian
Tugulusaurus[5] T. faciles[5] Hindlimb, rib, and a vertebral centrum[10]
Xiyunykus X. pengi Partial skeleton[11]
Wuerhosaurus[5] W. homheni[5] Partial skeleton[12] A stegosaur
Ornithomimosauria indet.[13] Indeterminate Hand claw and associated caudal vertebrae The first ornithomimosaur known from the Junggar Basin

Pterosaurs

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Pterosaurs
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Abundance Notes Images
Dsungaripterus D. weii[14] A dsungaripterid
Dsungaripterus(top) and Noripterus (bottom)
Noripterus N. complicidens[15] Front part of the skull and lower jaws, vertebrae, and partial limbs and pelvis. A dsungaripterid
Lonchognathosaurus L. acutirostris[15] Front portion of skull and lower jaws Possible junior synonym of Dsungaripterus weii.[16]
Ornithocheiromorpha indet.[17] Indeterminate Partial humerus The first known ornithocheiromorph from the Tugulu Group

Pseudosuchians

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Name Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Edentosuchus E. tienshanensis[18] A crocodyliform

Turtles

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Name Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Dracochelys Dracochelys bicuspis[19][20] A skull, an incomplete skeleton. A sinemydid
Ordosemys O. brinkmania[21] An isolated skull, several shells. A sinemydid
Xinjiangchelys Indeterminate A shell preserved on a slab in ventral view[21] A xinjiangchelyid
Wuguia W. efremovi[22]
W. hutubeiensis[23] 		Partial shells (W. efremovi), an incomplete skeleton (W. hutubeiensis) A sinemydid
Pantrionychia indet. A poorly preserved skull in dorsal view[21] A cryptodiran

Fish

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Name Species Location Stratigraphic position Abundance Notes Images
Bogdaichthys[24] B. fukangensis A siyuichthyid[25]
B. serratus
Dsungarichthys[24] D. bilineatus A siyuichthyid
Manasichthys[24] M. elongatus A siyuichthyid
M. tuguluensis
Neobaleiichthys[24] N. chikuensis
Siyuichthys[24] S. ornatus A siyuichthyid
S. pulchellus
S. pulcher
Uighuroniscus[24] U. sinkiangensis
Wukangia[24] W. houyanshanensis A siyuichthyid

References

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  1. ^ Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Early Cretaceous, Asia)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 563-570. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.
  2. ^ Lucas, Spencer G, Chinese Fossil vertebrates, Pp. 158-159, New York, Columbia University Press, ISBN 0-231-08483-8.
  3. ^ Lucas, S.G. (2001). Chinese Fossil Vertebrates. Columbia University Press. p. 158. ISBN 9780231084833. Retrieved 2015-05-17.
  4. ^ Xing, Lida; Lockley, Martin G.; Persons, W. Scott; Klein, Hendrik; Romilio, Anthony; Wang, Donghao; Wang, Miaoyan (2021-02-28). "Stegosaur Track Assemblage from Xinjiang, China, Featuring the Smallest Known Stegosaur Record". PALAIOS. 36 (2): 68–76. Bibcode:2021Palai..36...68X. doi:10.2110/palo.2020.036. ISSN 0883-1351. S2CID 233129489.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "48.5 Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, People's Republic of China; 1. Tugulu Group," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 567.
  6. ^ "A reassessment of Kelmayisaurus petrolicus, a large theropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of China" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica (Preprint). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-05-22. Retrieved 2011-05-01.
  7. ^ "Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 73.
  8. ^ "Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 78.
  9. ^ Z.-M. Dong. (1973). [Dinosaurs from Wuerho]. Memoirs of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Academic Sinica 11:45-52. [Chinese]
  10. ^ "Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 77.
  11. ^ Xu, Xing; Choiniere, Jonah; Tan, Qingwei; Benson, Roger B.J; Clark, James; Sullivan, Corwin; Zhao, Qi; Han, Fenglu; Ma, Qingyu; He, Yiming; Wang, Shuo; Xing, Hai; Tan, Lin (2018). "Two Early Cretaceous Fossils Document Transitional Stages in Alvarezsaurian Dinosaur Evolution". Current Biology. 28 (17): 2853–2860.e3. Bibcode:2018CBio...28E2853X. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.07.057. PMID 30146153.
  12. ^ "Table 16.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 345.
  13. ^ Xing, Lida; Scott Persons IV, W.; Lautenschlager, Stephan; Wang, Donghao; Niu, Kecheng (2020-12-29). "The first record of an ornithomimosaur from the Cretaceous Tugulu Group of the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, China". Cretaceous Research. 121: 104740. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104740. ISSN 0195-6671. S2CID 233549987.
  14. ^ "Re: The timing of stegosaur extinction". dml.cmnh.org. Retrieved 2015-05-17.
  15. ^ a b Barrett, P.M., Butler, R.J., Edwards, N.P., & Milner, A.R. Pterosaur distribution in time and space: an atlas. p61-107. in Flugsaurier: Pterosaur papers in honour of Peter Wellnhofer. 2008. Hone, D.W.E., and Buffetaut, E. (eds). Zitteliana B, 28. 264pp.[1]
  16. ^ Andres, B.; Clark, J. M.; Xing, X. (2010). "A new rhamphorhynchid pterosaur from the Upper Jurassic of Xinjiang, China, and the phylogenetic relationships of basal pterosaurs" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (1): 163–187. Bibcode:2010JVPal..30..163A. doi:10.1080/02724630903409220. S2CID 53688256.
  17. ^ Song, Junyi; Zhong, Yuting; Jiang, Shunxing; Wang, Xiaolin (2025-01-27). "The first ornithocheiromorph humerus from Wuerho (Urho), China, with a new isotopic age of the Tugulu Group". Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências. 97: e20240557. doi:10.1590/0001-3765202520240557. ISSN 0001-3765. PMID 39879505.
  18. ^ "The Polyglot Paleontologist" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-02-06.
  19. ^ E. S. Gaffney; X. Ye (1992). "Dracochelys, a new cryptodiran turtle from the Early Cretaceous of China". American Museum Novitates (1–3).
  20. ^ Donald B Brinkman (2001). "New material of Dracochelys (Eucryptodira: Sinemydidae) from the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 38 (12): 1645–1651. Bibcode:2001CaJES..38.1645B. doi:10.1139/e01-047.
  21. ^ a b c I. G. Danilov, J. F. Parham (2007). "The type series of "Sinemys" wuerhoensis, a problematic turtle from the Lower Cretaceous of China, includes at least three taxa". Palaeontology. 50 (2): 431. Bibcode:2007Palgy..50..431D. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00632.x.
  22. ^ I. G. Danilov, V. B. Sukhanov (2005). "A basal eucryptodiran turtle "Sinemys" efremovi (= Wuguia efremovi) from the Early Cretaceous of China". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 51 (1).
  23. ^ A. T. Matzke, M. W. Maisch, H. Pfretzschner, G. Sun, H. Stöhr (2004). "A new basal sinemydid turtle (Reptilia: Testudines) from the Lower Cretaceous Tugulu Group of the Junggar Basin (NW China)". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte. 2004 (3): 151–167. doi:10.1127/njgpm/2004/2004/151.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  24. ^ a b c d e f g Averianov, A.; Skutschas, P. (2000). "A eutherian mammal from the Early Cretaceous of Russia and biostratigraphy of the Asian Early Cretaceous vertebrate assemblages". Lethaia. 33 (4): 330–340. Bibcode:2000Letha..33..330A. doi:10.1080/002411600750053899.
  25. ^ Arratia, G. (2013). "Morphology, taxonomy, and phylogeny of Triassic pholidophorid fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 33 (sup1): 1–138. Bibcode:2013JVPal..33S...1A. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.835642. S2CID 86605978.

Bibliography

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