Tricholoma fracticum
| Tricholoma fracticum | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Tricholomataceae |
| Genus: | Tricholoma |
| Species: | T. fracticum
|
| Binomial name | |
| Tricholoma fracticum | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
Tricholoma fracticum | |
|---|---|
 | Gills on hymenium |
 | Cap is convex |
 | Hymenium is subdecurrent |
 | Stipe has a ring |
 | Spore print is white |
 | Ecology is mycorrhizal |
 | Edibility is inedible |
Tricholoma fracticum is a sturdy mushroom of the agaric genus Tricholoma with a red-brown cap and a harshly bitter taste. It is mycorrhizal with conifers, primarily of the genus Pinus, and can be found in California.
Taxonomy
[edit]First described as Agaricus fracticus by German mycologist Max Britzelmayr in 1893,[2] it was transferred to the genus Tricholoma in 1984 by Hanns Kreisel.[3] Though it has been occasionally listed as a synonym of the European species Tricholoma batschii, T. fracticum possesses larger spores and 2-spored basidia in contrast with T. batschii's 4-spored basidia;[4] they are currently considered separate species.[1]
Description
[edit]The red-brown cap is more or less smooth, with an initially inrolled margin, 3–15 centimetres (1+1⁄4–6 in) in diameter,[5] broadly convex and flattening slightly in maturity. It becomes viscid when wet. The gills are whitish, attached, and notched to subdecurrent.
The stem is sturdy, 2–8 cm (3⁄4–3+1⁄4 in) long, 1–2.5 cm thick, whitish near apex, orange-brown below, with a flimsy but usually present ring. The flesh is white, not bruising or changing upon exposure. The odor is indistinct. The flesh has a sharp, bitter taste, which is always present in this species. The spore print is white.[6]
Similar species
[edit]Tricholoma fracticum is distinguishable with relative ease by noting the combination of a red-brown cap that becomes slimy when wet, and a quickly disappearing partial veil that leaves a flimsy ring or sometimes only a delineation in stipe color up towards the gills. No other Tricholoma in California has both of these features.[4]
T. aurantium has a blander, mealy taste. T. muricatum has a mealy or cucumber-like scent, and T. ustaloides grows with oak.[5]
Habitat and distribution
[edit]It is mycorrhizal with conifers, primarily of the genus Pinus,[6] and can be found in California from October to January.[5]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d "Tricholoma fracticum (Britzelm.) Kreisel :700, 1984". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2013-03-23.
- ^ Britzelmayr M. (1893). "Materialien zur Beschreibung der Hymenomyceten 1". Botanisches Centralblatt (in German). 54 (2): 33–40.
- ^ Kreisel H. (1984). "Beitrag zur Nomenklatur einiger Großpilze II". Feddes Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis (in German). 95 (9–10): 699–800. doi:10.1002/fedr.4910950919.
- ^ a b Shanks, Kristen (1994), A Systematic Study of Tricholoma in California (PDF), retrieved January 19, 2022
- ^ a b c Audubon (2023). Mushrooms of North America. Knopf. p. 490. ISBN 978-0-593-31998-7.
- ^ a b Kuo, Michael (2006). "Tricholoma fracticum". MushroomExpert. Retrieved January 19, 2022.