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Timeline of diplomatic relations of the Republic of China

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   Republic of China
  Countries that have diplomatic relations with the ROC
  Countries that formerly had diplomatic relations with the ROC
  Countries that have never had diplomatic relations with the ROC

Numerous states have ceased their diplomatic recognition of the Republic of China during the last 70 years, since the founding of the People's Republic of China. Under the One China policy, the ROC is recognized by 11 UN member states and Holy See with 59 UN member states and Somaliland maintaining unofficial cultural and economic relations.

Timeline

[edit]
Former French Embassy to the Republic of China in Nanjing.
Former Mexican Embassy to the Republic of China in Nanjing.
Former Soviet Union Embassy to the Republic of China in Nanjing.
Former United Kingdom Embassy to the Republic of China in Nanjing.
Former United States Embassy to the Republic of China in Nanjing.

The timeline of diplomatic relations of the Republic of China encompasses the years from 1912 to 1949 (the establishment of the People's Republic of China), and the year of the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office (TECRO) establishments as a substitute for embassies in the absence of official diplomatic relations with the ROC.

Year State Event TECRO establishment
1912 Australia Recognition; continuation of relations began under the Qing dynasty in 1908
1912 Austria-Hungary Recognition; relations began in 1869
1912 Belgium Recognition; relations began in 1865
1912  Brazil Recognition; relations began in 1880
1912 Canada Recognition; relations began in 1909
1912  Cape Colony Recognition; relations began in 1904
1912  Cuba Recognition; relations began in 1902
1912 Denmark Recognition; relations began in 1908
1912  Italy Recognition; relations began in 1866
1912  Japan Recognition; relations began in 1871
1912 Mexico Recognition; relations began in 1899
1912 Netherlands Recognition; relations began in 1863
1912 New Zealand Recognition; continuation of relations began under the Qing dynasty in 1908
1912 Norway Recognition; relations began in 1847
1912  Portugal Recognition; relations began in 1862
1912 Sweden Recognition; relations began in 1847
1912  United Kingdom Recognition; continuation of relations begun in the Qing dynasty 1963[1]
1912 United States Recognition; continuation of relations begun in the Qing dynasty in 1844
1913  France Recognition; continuation of relations begun in the Qing dynasty
1913  Russia Recognition; relations began in 1878
1913  Germany Recognition of the establishment of the Republic of China; relations began in 1861.
1913 Peru Recognition; continuation of relations begun in the Qing dynasty in 1875
1915  Chile Diplomatic relations established
1917  Germany Diplomatic relations ceased (first time)
1918  Russia Diplomatic relations ceased (first time)
1919 Bolivia Diplomatic relations established
1919  Finland Diplomatic relations established
1919  Poland Diplomatic relations established
1921 Estonia Diplomatic relations established
1921  Germany Diplomatic relations resumed (first time)
1921 Lithuania Diplomatic relations established 2021[2][3]
1922 Panama Diplomatic re-established; relations began with the Qing dynasty in 1909.
1923 Latvia Diplomatic relations established[4] 1992 (Consulate)
1995[5][6]
1924 Soviet Union Diplomatic relations resumed (first time)
1929 Soviet Union Diplomatic relations ceased (second time)
1930 Nicaragua Diplomatic relations established
1931 Czechoslovakia Diplomatic relations established
1932 Soviet Union Diplomatic relations resumed (second time)
1933 Guatemala Diplomatic relations established
1934 Monaco Diplomatic relations established
1934 Turkey Diplomatic relations established
1937  Iran Diplomatic relations established[7]
1937  Japan Diplomatic relations ceased (Beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War)
1939  Romania Diplomatic relations established
1941 Nazi Germany Diplomatic relations ceased (second time, German diplomatic recognition of the Wang Jingwei regime)
1941 Colombia Diplomatic relations established
1941 Honduras Diplomatic relations established
1941  Italy Diplomatic relations ceased (first time, Italian diplomatic recognition of the Wang Jingwei regime)
1941  Romania Diplomatic relations ceased (Romanian diplomatic recognition of the Wang Jingwei regime)
1942 Holy See Diplomatic relations established
1942 El Salvador Diplomatic relations established
1942  Iraq Diplomatic relations established
1944 Afghanistan Diplomatic relations established
1944 Dominican Republic Diplomatic relations established
1945 Yugoslavia Diplomatic relations established
1946  Italy Diplomatic relations resumed (second time)
1946  Mongolia Recognition achieved
1946  Syria Recognition achieved
1946 Thailand Diplomatic relations established
1947 Bulgaria Diplomatic relations established
1947 Saudi Arabia Diplomatic relations established
1947  India Diplomatic relations established
1948 Burma Diplomatic relations established
1949 Israel Recognition achieved
1949 Luxembourg Diplomatic relations established
1949  South Africa Diplomatic relations resumed
1949  South Korea Diplomatic relations re-established, relations began under the Korean Empire in 1899
1949 Soviet Union Diplomatic relations ceased (third time)[8] 1993 (in Russia)[9]
1949 Czechoslovakia Diplomatic relations ceased 1991[10] (in Czech Republic)
2003[11] (in Slovakia)
1949 Poland Diplomatic relations ceased 1992?
1949 Hungary Diplomatic relations ceased 1990
1949 Albania Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]
1949 Bulgaria Diplomatic relations ceased
1950 Afghanistan Diplomatic relations ceased
1950 Norway Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] 1980[12] to 2017
1950  Switzerland Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] 1973[12]
1950 Finland Diplomatic relations ceased 1990[13]
1950 Sweden Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] 1981?
1950 Denmark Diplomatic relations ceased 1973? or 1980[14]
1950 India Diplomatic relations ceased 1995[15]
1950 Ceylon Diplomatic relations ceased
1950 Burma Diplomatic relations ceased 2015[16] or 2016[17]
1950 Indonesia Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] 1971
1951 Pakistan Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]
1952 Japan Diplomatic relations re-established (2nd time)
1953  Laos Diplomatic relations established
1953  Mongolia Recognition revoked 2002
1954 Lebanon Diplomatic relations established
1954 Netherlands Diplomatic relations ceased 1981
1955 South Vietnam Diplomatic relations established
1955  West Germany Diplomatic relations resumed (second time)
1955   Nepal Diplomatic relations ceased
1955 Yugoslavia Diplomatic relations ceased
1956 Egypt Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]
1956  Iran Diplomatic relations established[7]
1956  Syria Recognition withdrawn
1956 Haiti Diplomatic relations established
1957 Jordan Diplomatic relations established
1957 Paraguay Diplomatic relations established
1958 Iraq Diplomatic relations ceased
1958 Morocco Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]
1959 Sudan Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]
1960 Cuba Diplomatic relations ceased
1960 Nigeria Diplomatic relations established (1st time)
1960 Guatemala Diplomatic relations established
1960 Congo-Léopoldville Diplomatic relations established (1st time)
1961 El Salvador Diplomatic relations established
1961 Congo-Léopoldville Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time)
1961  Laos Diplomatic relations ceased (first time)
1961 Upper Volta Diplomatic relations established (1st time)
1961 Congo-Léopoldville Diplomatic relations resumed (1st time)
1962  Laos Diplomatic relations resumed
1962 Uganda Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]
1963 Niger Diplomatic relations established (1st time)
1964 France Diplomatic relations ceased 1974[18]
1964 Central African Republic Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time)[clarification needed]
1964 Malaysia Diplomatic relations established
1966 Malawi Diplomatic relations established
1966 Lesotho Diplomatic relations established (1st time)
1968 Gambia Diplomatic relations established (1st time)
1968 Central African Republic Diplomatic relations resumed (2nd time)
1968 Swaziland Diplomatic relations established
1969 Senegal Diplomatic relations established (1st time)
1970 Italy Diplomatic relations ceased (second time) 1990[19]
1970  Khmer Republic Diplomatic relations established
1970 Canada Diplomatic relations ceased 1991[20]
1971 Chile Diplomatic relations ceased 1975[21]
1971 Belgium Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] 1971[22]
1971 Austria Diplomatic relations ceased 1972[12]
1971 Iceland Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]
1971 Turkey Diplomatic relations ceased 1989?
1971  Iran Diplomatic relations ceased
1971 Kuwait Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] 1986
1971 Lebanon Diplomatic relations ceased
1971 Peru Diplomatic relations ceased 1978[23]
1971 Nigeria Diplomatic relations ceased 1991[24]
1972 United Kingdom Diplomatic relations ceased[25] 1963
(as "The Free Chinese Centre,
London")
1993[1]
1972 Japan Diplomatic relations ceased (second) 1972
1972 West Germany Diplomatic relations ceased (third time) 1999 (in Germany)[26]
1972 Greece Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] 1973
1972 Australia Diplomatic relations ceased 1992[27]
1972 New Zealand Diplomatic relations ceased 1973[28]
1972 Luxembourg Diplomatic relations ceased 1975
1972 Mexico Diplomatic relations ceased 1989?
1972 Argentina Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] 1995[29]
1972 Jamaica Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]
1972 Chad Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time)[clarification needed]
1972 Zaire Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time)
1972 Senegal Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time)
1973 Spain Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] 1973[12]
1973 Upper Volta Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time)
1974 Malaysia Diplomatic relations ceased 1974[30]
1974 Brazil Diplomatic relations ceased 1975
1974 Venezuela Diplomatic relations ceased
1974 Niger Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time)
1974 Gabon Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]
1974 Gambia Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time)
1975 Thailand Diplomatic relations ceased 1975[31]
1975  Khmer Republic Diplomatic relations ceased 1994 to 1997
1975 South Vietnam Defeat of South Vietnam 1992 (in Vietnam)
1975  Laos Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time)
1975 Philippines Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]
1976 Central African Republic Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time)
1977 Jordan Diplomatic relations ceased 1977
1977 Liberia Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time)[clarification needed]
1978 Libya Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] 1980 to 1997 (1st time)
2008 to 2011 (2nd time)
1979 United States Diplomatic relations ceased 1979[32]
1979 Portugal Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] 1992
1979 Colombia Diplomatic relations ceased 1980?
1979 Tuvalu Diplomatic relations established
1980 Nauru Diplomatic relations established (1st time)
1980 Ecuador Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]
1981 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Diplomatic relations established
1983 Dominica Diplomatic relations established
1983 Lesotho Diplomatic relations ceased (first)
1983 Solomon Islands Diplomatic relations established
1983 Saint Kitts and Nevis Diplomatic relations established
1984 United Arab Emirates Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] 1984?
1984 Saint Lucia Diplomatic relations established (1st time)
1985 Bolivia Diplomatic relations ceased 1990 to 2009
1985 Nicaragua Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time)
1988 Uruguay Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed] 1992 to 2002
1989 Grenada Diplomatic relations established
1989 Liberia Diplomatic relations resumed (2nd time)
1989 Bahamas Diplomatic relations established
1989 Belize Diplomatic relations established
1990 Saudi Arabia Diplomatic relations ceased 1990[33]
1990 Guinea-Bissau Diplomatic relations established
1990 Lesotho Diplomatic relations established (2nd time)
1990 Nicaragua Diplomatic relations resumed
1991 Central African Republic Diplomatic relations resumed (3rd time)
1991  People's Republic of China De facto recognition[34]
1992 South Korea Diplomatic relations ceased 1993? or 1994
1992 Israel Recognition withdrawn[35] 1993[36]
1992 Niger Diplomatic relations resumed (2nd time)
1993 Liberia Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time)
1994 Lesotho Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time)
1994 Burkina Faso (formerly Upper Volta) Diplomatic relations established (2nd time)
1995 Monaco Diplomatic relations ceased
1995 Gambia Diplomatic relations resumed
1996 Niger Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time)
1996 Senegal Diplomatic relations resumed (2nd time)
1997 Bahamas Diplomatic relations ceased
1997 Chad Diplomatic relations resumed (2nd time)
1997 Liberia Diplomatic relations resumed (3rd time)
1997 Saint Lucia Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time)
1997 São Tomé and Príncipe Diplomatic relations established
1998 South Africa Diplomatic relations ceased 1998[37]
1998 Central African Republic Diplomatic relations ceased (3rd time)
1998 Guinea-Bissau Diplomatic relations ceased
1998 Tonga Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]
1998 Marshall Islands Diplomatic relations established
1999 Papua New Guinea Diplomatic relations maintained for 16 days[38] 1990[39]
1999 Macedonia Diplomatic relations established
1999 Palau Diplomatic relations established
2001 Macedonia Diplomatic relations ceased
2002 Nauru Diplomatic relations ceased (1st time)
2003 Liberia Diplomatic relations ceased (3rd time)
2003 Kiribati Diplomatic relations established
2004 Dominica Diplomatic relations ceased
2004 Vanuatu Diplomatic relations maintained for a week[40]
2005 Grenada Diplomatic relations ceased
2005 Nauru Diplomatic relations resumed (2nd time)
2005 Senegal Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time)
2006 Chad Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time)
2007 Saint Lucia Diplomatic relations resumed (2nd time)
2007 Costa Rica Diplomatic relations ceased[clarification needed]
2008 Kosovo Recognition achieved
2008 Malawi Diplomatic relations ceased
2013 Gambia Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time)
2016 São Tomé and Príncipe Diplomatic relations ceased[41]
2017 Panama Diplomatic relations ceased
2018 Dominican Republic Diplomatic relations ceased
2018 Burkina Faso Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time)
2018 El Salvador Diplomatic relations ceased
2019 Solomon Islands Diplomatic relations ceased
2019 Kiribati Diplomatic relations ceased
2020 Somaliland Unofficial relations established
2021 Nicaragua Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time)
2023 Honduras Diplomatic relations ceased
2024 Nauru Diplomatic relations ceased (2nd time)

See also

[edit]
This article is part of a series on
Politics of Taiwan
Government
Presidency

Lai Ching-te (DPP)

Hsiao Bi-khim (DPP)

Executive
Executive Yuan

Cho Jung-tai (DPP)

Cheng Li-chun (DPP)
Legislature
Legislative Yuan

11th Legislative Yuan

Han Kuo-yu (KMT)

Johnny Chiang (KMT)
Judiciary
Judicial Yuan

Shieh Ming-yan acting

Vacant

Other branches
Examination Yuan

Chou Hung-hsien

Hsu Shu-hsiang

Control Yuan

Chen Chu

Lee Hung-chun

Local government

Mayors and Magistrates
Elections

Central Election Commission

Political parties
Represented in the Legislative Yuan

Kuomintang
Democratic Progressive Party
Taiwan People's Party

Others
New Power Party
Taiwan Statebuilding Party
People First Party
Taiwan Solidarity Union
New Party
Non-Partisan Solidarity Union

Green Party Taiwan
Mass media
Television

Newspapers
United Daily News
Liberty Times
China Times
Taipei Times

Propaganda
Censorship
Film censorship

White Terror
Foreign relations
Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Lin Chia-lung

Cross-Strait relations
Special state-to-state relations
One Country on Each Side
1992 Consensus
Taiwan consensus
Chinese Taipei

Australia–Taiwan relations
Canada–Taiwan relations
France–Taiwan relations
Russia–Taiwan relations
Taiwan–United Kingdom relations
Taiwan–United States relations

Taiwan and the World Health Organization
Related topics
Political status of Taiwan

Republic of China (1912–1949)
Chinese Civil War
One-China policy
China and the United Nations
Chinese unification
Taiwan independence movement
Taiwanese nationalism
Tangwai movement

Third Taiwan Strait Crisis
flag Taiwan portal
ROC
PRC

References

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  1. ^ a b "Taiwan-UK Relations - Taiwan-UK relations - Taipei Representative Office in the U.K. 駐英國台北代表處". Archived from the original on 7 December 2013. Retrieved 29 November 2013.
  2. ^ "Taiwan representation opens in Vilnius". 18 November 2021. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  3. ^ Agencies (19 November 2021). "China condemns opening of Taiwan office in Lithuania as 'egregious act'". the Guardian. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  4. ^ Lobzova, Liene. "Establishment and renewal of diplomatic relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Latvia. Retrieved 26 December 2018.
  5. ^ Tubilewicz, Czeslaw (7 August 2007). Taiwan and Post-Communist Europe: Shopping for Allies. Routledge. pp. 76–94. ISBN 9781134100842.
  6. ^ "本處與駐在國關係 (The relationship between the Department and the country)". 駐拉脫維亞代表處 Taipei Mission in the Republic of Latvia. Retrieved 26 December 2018.
  7. ^ a b electricpulp.com. "CHINESE-IRANIAN RELATIONS v. Diplomatic – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org.
  8. ^ In April 1949, when Chiang Kai-shek abandoned his capital in Nanking, the Soviet ambassador - alone among the diplomatic corps - joined Chiang in his retreat to Canton (Guangzhou). Source: Eric Hobsbawm: The Age of Extremes: The Short Twentieth Century, 1914–1991, London 1994, p. 227.
  9. ^ Tubilewicz, Czeslaw (7 August 2007). Taiwan and Post-Communist Europe: Shopping for Allies. Routledge. ISBN 9781134100842 – via Google Books.
  10. ^ [1] Archived 2007-09-18 at the Wayback Machine
  11. ^ [2] Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ a b c d Hibou, Béatrice (28 December 2016). Privatising the State. Hurst. ISBN 9781850656890 – via Google Books.
  13. ^ [3] Archived 2014-09-08 at the Wayback Machine
  14. ^ "Organization - Organization - Taipei Representative Office in Denmark 駐丹麥台北代表處". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
  15. ^ [4] Archived 2015-11-20 at the Wayback Machine
  16. ^ Myanmar opens trade office in Taiwan in bid to boost ties, The China Post, June 25, 2015
  17. ^ "TECO in Myanmar opens doors in Yangon: ministry". Taipei Times. 29 March 2016. p. 3. Archived from the original on 29 December 2020. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  18. ^ [5] Archived 2016-01-08 at the Wayback Machine
  19. ^ [6] Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
  20. ^ [7] Archived 2015-11-18 at the Wayback Machine
  21. ^ "Vínculos Regionales". Oficina Económica y Cultural de Taipei en Chile. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
  22. ^ "Introduction - Introduction - Taipei Representative Office in the EU and Belgium 駐歐盟兼駐比利時代表處". Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
  23. ^ [8] Archived 2014-09-24 at the Wayback Machine
  24. ^ [9] Archived 2014-09-17 at archive.today
  25. ^ On 6 January 1950, the United Kingdom recognized the PRC and requested the exchange of ambassadors, but this was refused. The UK closed the Nanjing embassy and established relations with the PRC on 17 June 1954. The PRC government does not regard the semi-diplomatic relations at chargé d'affaires level as formal diplomatic ties. The UK does. The Tamsui consulate remained opened under the guise of the Taiwan Provincial Government. The PRC consented to the exchange of ambassadors with the UK on 13 March 1972 and closed the ROC consulate in Tamsui. See Sino-British relations for further details.
  26. ^ [10] Archived 2014-04-08 at the Wayback Machine
  27. ^ [11] Archived 2015-07-17 at the Wayback Machine
  28. ^ [12] Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
  29. ^ [13] Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
  30. ^ [14] Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
  31. ^ [15] Archived 2015-10-14 at the Wayback Machine
  32. ^ (Taiwan), Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (1 May 1979). "Courage and fortitude - Taiwan Today". Taiwan Today.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  33. ^ [16] Archived 2015-06-24 at the Wayback Machine
  34. ^ Chinese (Taiwan) Yearbook of International Law and Affairs, Volume 24 (2006). BRILL. 3 February 2020. ISBN 9789004424968.
  35. ^ Israel recognized the PRC on 8 January 1950 but the request was rejected at first by the PRC.
  36. ^ [17] Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine
  37. ^ Team, Internet. "About Us". Taipei Liaison Office in the RSA 駐南非共和國台北聯絡代表處.
  38. ^ On August 5, 1999, Republic of China and Papua New Guinea had agreed to establish diplomatic relations, but the new government of Papua New Guinea withdrew the agreement with the ROC on August 21, 1999.
  39. ^ "Organisation". Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Papua New Guinea. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan). 19 March 2020. Archived from the original on 29 December 2020. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  40. ^ On November 3, 2004, Republic of China and Vanuatu had agreed to establish diplomatic relations, but the new government of Vanuatu withdrew the agreement with the ROC on November 10, 2004.
  41. ^ "São Tomé e Príncipe corta relações com Taiwan". 20 December 2016.

Sources

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