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Tiger Triumph

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Tiger Triumph is the bilateral tri-service amphibious military exercise involving the armed forces of India and the United States. It is the first tri-service military exercise between the two countries. India has previously only held tri-service exercises with Russia.[1][2]

India and the United States signed a defence agreement on 6 September 2018 committing to holding a joint land, air and sea exercise in India in 2019.[3] The final planning conference for Tiger Triumph was held at the Eastern Naval Command headquarters in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh on September 16–20, 2019 and was attended by delegates from the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps and representatives from the Indian Army, Navy and Air Force. The two sides also visited the proposed campsite in Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh and conducted a table-top exercise as preparation.[4] Tiger Triumph was publicly announced by U.S. President Donald Trump during his address at the Howdy Modi community event in honour of Prime Minister Narendra Modi at the NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas on 22 September 2019.[5][6]

The Indian Navy's Eastern Fleet commander served as the overall force commander for Tiger Triumph, with a U.S. Marine Corps officer attached with him.[7] A total of 1,200 Indian and 500 U.S. military personnel participated in the nine-day exercise. The American side was led by the United States Marine Corps Forces, Pacific. Marines and sailors traveled from Okinawa, Japan to Vishakhapatnam arriving on board the USS Germantown (LSD-42) on 13 November 2019. The Indian Navy was represented by amphibious transport dock INS Jalashwa (L41), amphibious warfare vessel INS Airavat (L24), and survey ship INS Sandhayak. Indian Army troops from the 19 Madras and 7 Guards, Indian Air Force Mil Mi-17 helicopters and Rapid Action Medical Team (IAF-RAMT) also participated in the exercise. The United States sent the USS Germantown and troops from the 3rd Marine Division.[8] The opening ceremony of Tiger Triumph was held aboard the INS Jalashwa on 14 November, as well as a joint flag parade and media interaction, followed by a reception aboard the USS Germantown.[9][10]

The exercise was held in two phases. The harbour phase was held in Visakhapatnam on November 13–16 and included training visits, subject matter expert exchanges, sports events and social interactions.[11] Both forces then sailed southward to Kakinada where the second phase was held on November 17–21. The exercise primarily focused on humanitarian disaster and relief (HADR) operations with aiming to imitate disasters occurring in areas where security was problematic. The two forces brought supplies on shore, established a field hospital, formed patrols to locate actors playing displaced civilians and carried out evacuation by helicopter.[12] The exercise included live fire drills, search-and-seizure training, ship manoeuvres and landings by Indian helicopters on the Germantown's flight deck.[13]

4th Edition (2025)

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The fourth edition of the Tiger Triumph exercise was held in two phases, Harbour Phase from 1 to 7 April in Visakhapatnam and Sea Phase from 8 to 13 April in Kakinada on the Eastern Seaboard on India. The Sea Phase included Maritime, Amphibious and HADR operations off Kakinada as well as the establishment joint command and control center by the Indian Army and the USMC and a joint medical camp by IAF RAMT and USN.[14][15] The exercise also focused on the formulation of a standard operating procedure (SOP) to establish a combined coordination center (CCC) for "rapid and smooth coordination between Indian and US joint task forces (JTF) during exercises and crisis".[14]

The United States Space Force participated in the exercise with their Indian counterparts for the first time. The entire exercise will involve around 3,000 personnel, at least 4 ships and 7 aircraft.[16]

The Tiger Triumph 2025 saw the participation of:–[14][17][18][16]

 Indian Armed Forces

 United States Armed Forces

Additional units from the USA were Army platoon, medical platoon, Civil-Military Operations Center and Multi-Domain Task Force Combined Information Effects Fusion Cell.[16] Special Forces from both the countries were also part of the exercise.[19]

The opening ceremony was held onboard INS Jalashwa on 1 April at Vishakhapatnam.[15] Between 2 and 4 April 2025, intensive joint training phase at unit-level was conducted at the Duvvada Firing Range during the Harbour phase.[20] The Sea Phase concluded with amphibious landing exercises with unified command and control (C2) on Kakinada beach on 11 April. The US Marines from the 1st LAR utilised Landing Craft Air Cushion from ACU-5 while the Indian Army personnelutilised Landing Craft Mechanised from INS Jalashwa during the exercise. A total of about 1,000 personnel took part in the landing drill from both the countries.[19]

References

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  1. ^ "India to Participate in Multi-Nation War Games with Pak, China Armies".
  2. ^ "Russia conducts massive military drills with China, sending a message to the West". 17 September 2019.
  3. ^ Abi-Habib, Maria (6 September 2018). "U.S. and India, Wary of China, Agree to Strengthen Military Ties". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 29 December 2019. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  4. ^ "India-US Tri-Services Exercise Tiger Triumph To Be Held In November". NDTV.com. Archived from the original on 26 September 2019. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
  5. ^ "What is India-US Tri-Services 'Exercise Tiger Triumph': All you need to know". India Today. Archived from the original on 26 September 2019. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
  6. ^ "Howdy, Modi: PM Modi stands, claps as Donald Trump raises radical Islamic terrorism". India Today. Archived from the original on 26 September 2019. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
  7. ^ Gurung, Shaurya Karanbir (25 September 2019). "US Marine Corps, special forces to participate in first Indo-US 'Tiger Triumph' exercise". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 25 September 2019. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
  8. ^ Rajagopalan, Rajeswari Pillai. "Tiger Triumph: US-India Military Relations Get More Complex". thediplomat.com. Archived from the original on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  9. ^ "Tiger TRIUMPH: U.S. Sailor Returns to India during Inaugural Exercise". U.S. Indo-Pacific Command. Archived from the original on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  10. ^ "Exercise Tiger TRIUMPH". U.S. Embassy & Consulates in India. 25 November 2019. Archived from the original on 15 December 2019. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  11. ^ "Curtain Raiser - HADR Exercise TIGER TRIUMPH to Commence at Visakhapatnam". pib.gov.in. Archived from the original on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  12. ^ "US Marines, Indian military build ties in first Tiger Triumph exercise". Stars and Stripes. Archived from the original on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  13. ^ Montague, Zach (20 November 2019). "U.S.-India Defense Ties Grow Closer as Shared Concerns in Asia Loom". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 16 January 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  14. ^ a b c "CURTAIN RAISER: EX TIGER TRIUMPH - 25". 2025-03-31. Retrieved 2025-04-06.
  15. ^ a b "India-US tri-service exercise 'Tiger Triumph' commences in Visakhapatnam". The Times of India. 2025-04-01. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 2025-04-06.
  16. ^ a b c "U.S. Joins India to Launch Exercise Tiger TRIUMPH 2025". www.cpf.navy.mil. 2025-04-01. Retrieved 2025-04-06.
  17. ^ "India-US tri-service exercise Tiger Triumph inaugurated in Visakhapatnam". The Times of India. 2025-04-03. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 2025-04-06.
  18. ^ @IN_HQENC (2025-04-05). "Synergy in action at TigerTriumph 2025! Landing forces of the Gorkha Infantry Battalion Group from the #Amphibious Brigade of..." (Tweet). Retrieved 2025-04-06 – via Twitter.
  19. ^ a b c d e Bhattacharjee, Sumit (2025-04-11). "U.S. and Indian military conduct large-scale amphibious landing drill on Kakinada Beach in Andhra Pradesh as part of Tiger Triumph". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2025-04-12.
  20. ^ a b "India-US Joint Training Exercise 'Tiger Triumph' Boosts Military Cooperation". www.ndtv.com. Retrieved 2025-04-11.
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