The Desert Music

The Desert Music
by Steve Reich
Reich in the early 1980s
Period	Minimalism
Commissioned by	Westdeutscher Rundfunk and Brooklyn Academy of Music
Text	The Desert Music and Other Poems by William Carlos Williams
Composed	1983
Publisher	Boosey and Hawkes
Duration	50 minutes
Movements	Five
Premiere
Date	March 17 1984
Location	Cologne
Conductor	Péter Eötvös
Performers	West German Radio Choir Cologne and Cologne Radio Symphony Orchestra

The Desert Music is a work of music for voices and orchestra composed by the minimalist composer Steve Reich. It is based on texts by William Carlos Williams and takes its title from the poetry anthology The Desert Music and Other Poems. The composition consists of five movements, with a duration of about 46 minutes. In both its arrangement of thematic material and use of tempi, the piece is in a characteristic arch form (ABCBA). The piece was composed in 1983 and had its world premiere on 17 March 1984 in Cologne, Germany.

Orchestration

The piece is scored for a chorus of 27 voices: nine sopranos, and six each of altos, tenors and basses.

The orchestra calls for:

• 4 flutes (doubling on 3 piccolos), 4 oboes (doubling on 3 cor anglais), 4 B♭ clarinets (doubling on 3 B♭ bass clarinets), 4 bassoons (doubling on 1 contrabassoon)
• 4 horns, 4 trumpets (doubling on 1 optional piccolo trumpet), 2 trombones, bass trombone, tuba.
• 2 timpani players (doubling rototoms); 7 percussionists (including 2 players on marimba; 2 players on vibraphone; 2 players on xylophones, doubling glockenspiels; maracas paired with sticks; 2 bass drums, and medium tam-tam).
• 2 pianos, played by four musicians (doubling 3 synthesizers)
• The strings (12-12-9-9-6) are broken into three sections of (4-4-3-3-2) seated by their section with the first set of 16 players stage right, the next 16 center stage, and the last 16 stage left

There is also a reduced orchestration, prepared by Reich himself, for a chorus of 10 voices (3 sopranos, 3 altos, 2 tenors, 2 basses), accompanied by:

• 4 flutes (doubling on 3 piccolos)
• 2 horns, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones (all brass optional)
• 4 pianos, all doubling synthesizer
• 12 solo strings, broken into three quartets, plus one or two basses

No reductions are made in the percussion.

Music

The Desert Music's text is taken from passages from poems in William Carlos Williams's anthology of the same name. The work is in five movements and lasts around 50 minutes. Percussion is heard throughout the work playing in complex and changing metres such as 5/8 and 6/3.

I

fast tempo (quarter = 192 in 4/4 time)

II

moderate tempo

IIIA

slow tempo

IIIB

moderate tempo

IIIC

slow tempo

IV

moderate tempo

V

fast tempo

The tempi between two sections are related by a ratio of 3:2, introduced at the end of each section by either tuplet or dotted rhythms, respectively. So, I and V have 192 bpm; II, IIIB, and IV have 128 bpm; IIIA and C have 85 bpm.

Sections I and V have the same harmonic structure. Sections II and IV have both the same harmonic structure and the same words, and likewise Sections IIIA and IIIC.

Relation to other Reich pieces

The piece opens similarly to many of Reich's other works: a piano or mallet instrument pulsing on the beat, with another piano or marimba soon fading in on the offbeats (Music for 18 Musicians, Sextet, Three Movements for Orchestra). Also characteristic of several of Reich's pieces, such as New York Counterpoint, Electric Counterpoint, Sextet, Music for 18 Musicians, Three Movements for Orchestra, the exposition of the pulse is followed by pulsed notes in the choir and orchestra fading in and out over the course of a chord progression. Also, the first movement prominently features a repeated rhythm found in several of the aforementioned works (in The Desert Music, however, the fourth and fifth note are tied together):

Twice in Section IIIC, the strings begin playing a slightly modified section from Reich's New York Counterpoint.

Recordings

The Desert Music has been recorded several times, including the in following media:

• The Desert Music (1985, Nonesuch Records, 979 101-2, OCLC 13999172), conducted by Michael Tilson Thomas
• The Desert Music (1996, BBC Radio Classics, 15656 91692, OCLC 37998267), conducted by Peter Eötvös
• Tehillim / The Desert Music (2002, Cantaloupe Music, CA21009, OCLC 50791159), revised chamber version, conducted by Alan Pierson
• The Desert Music (Live) (2003, Ornorm Production, ORNORM 1, OCLC 255848271), conducted by Dominique Debart
• Reich (2011, Chandos, CHSA 5091, OCLC 727712100), conducted by Kristjan Järvi

Sources

• Reich, Steve (2002). "The Desert Music–Steve Reich in Conversation with Jonathan Cott (1984)". In Reich, Steve; Hillier, Paul (eds.). Writings on Music, 1965-2000. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 127–131. ISBN 978-0-19-515115-2.
• Koch, Gerhard R. (1984). "Reich's 'The Desert Music'". Tempo (149). Cambridge University Press: 44–46. ISSN 0040-2982. JSTOR 945086.
• Coroniti, Joseph A. (1989). "Scoring the "Absolute Rhythm" of William Carlos Williams: Steve Reich's "The Desert Music"". William Carlos Williams Review. 15 (2). Penn State University Press: 36–48. ISSN 0196-6286. JSTOR 24564908.
• Reich, Steve (1985). The Desert Music (Media notes). Nonesuch Records. 979 101-2.