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The 5th Dimension

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This article is about the band. For other uses, see Fifth Dimension (disambiguation).

The 5th Dimension
The 5th Dimension in 1969 Back row: Townson and McLemore. Front row: LaRue, Davis, and McCoo.
The 5th Dimension in 1969
Back row: Townson and McLemore.
Front row: LaRue, Davis, and McCoo.
Background information
Also known asThe Versatiles (1965–1966)
OriginLos Angeles, California, United States
Genres
Years active1966–present
(until 1975 in original incarnation)
LabelsSoul City, Imperial, Bell, Arista, ABC, Motown, Columbia
MembersFlorence LaRue
Patrice Morris
Leonard Tucker
Floyd Smith
Sidney Jacobs
Past membersBilly Davis Jr.
Phyllis Battle
Lamonte McLemore
Ronald Townson
Greg Walker
Marilyn McCoo
See: Membership section for detailed listing

The 5th Dimension is an American vocal group. Their music encompasses Sunshine Pop,[1] Pop Soul,[1] and Psychedelic Soul.[2] They were an important crossover music act of the 1960s and 1970s, although both praised and derided for their particular musical approach and mass appeal.[3] [4] During the original group's heyday, they were twice invited to perform at the U.S. White House, and accepting the invitations was controversial during that era of social upheaval.[5]

Formed as the Versatiles in late 1965, the group changed its name to "The 5th Dimension" by 1966.[6] Between 1967 and 1973, they charted with 20 "Top 40" hits on the Billboard Hot 100, two of which – "Up, Up and Away" (No. 7, 1967) and the 1969 No. 1 "Medley: Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In (The Flesh Failures)" — won the Grammy Award for Record of the Year. Other big hits include "Stoned Soul Picnic" (No. 3), "Wedding Bell Blues" (No. 1), "One Less Bell to Answer" (No. 2), a cover of "Never My Love" (Pop chart, No. 12/Easy Listening No. 1), "(Last Night) I Didn't Get to Sleep at All" (No. 8), and "If I Could Reach You" (Pop chart No. 10/Easy Listening No. 1). Three of their records reached the Top Ten of Billboard's Rhythm & Blues/Soul chart. 5 of their 19 "Top 20" hits on the Easy Listening chart reached the No. 1 position.[7]

The five original members were Lamonte McLemore, Marilyn McCoo, Florence LaRue, Ronald Townson, and Billy Davis Jr. Their earliest recordings were on the Soul City record label, which was started by recording artist Johnny Rivers. The group later recorded for Bell/Arista Records, ABC Records, and Motown Records.[8] [9]

Contribution of the composers

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Some of the songwriters who worked with The 5th Dimension went on to establish successful performance careers of their own, notably Ashford & Simpson, who wrote the song "California Soul". The group is also notable for having more success with the songs of Laura Nyro than Nyro did herself,[6] particularly with "Stoned Soul Picnic", "Sweet Blindness", "Wedding Bell Blues", "Blowin' Away" and "Save the Country". The group also recorded songs by well-known songwriters including Burt Bacharach and Hal David ("One Less Bell to Answer" et al.) and Jimmy Webb, who wrote their first significant hit, "Up, Up and Away". The group's 1967 LP, The Magic Garden, features an 11 track song-cycle composed by Webb.[10] [11] In all, the original lineup of The 5th Dimension recorded 24 different Jimmy Webb compositions by the end of 1975.

Contribution of producer "Bones" Howe

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All but two of The 5th Dimension's original albums were produced by Bones Howe, who had been a sound engineer for the likes of Frank Sinatra, Bobby Darin, Mel Torme, Johnny Rivers and Phil Spector, before producing and engineering hits for a number of young, contemporary acts, including The Association, The Turtles and The Mamas & the Papas. Howe employed members of the "Wrecking Crew" on all of The 5th Dimension recordings under his direction. (The Wrecking Crew provided backing or replacement instrumentation for many bands recording in Los Angeles whose own musicianship skills were deemed not of a professional level by their record producer - a common practice of the era). In the case of The 5th Dimension, there were no backing musicians for the vocal group so the Wrecking Crew became their defacto accompanists and instrumental arrangers. The contributions of the rhythm section in particular (consisting of Joe Osborn on bass, Hal Blaine on drums, and Larry Bunker on percussion) on these recordings are notable: Osborn and Blaine opting to be the rhythm section on most every 5th Dimension album and single recorded up through 1975. And their Wrecking Crew cohort, keyboardist/guitarist Larry Knechtel, was a constant presence as well. Being able to rely upon the same producer and group of musicians helped to give The 5th Dimension recordings a distinct and cohesive sound from album to album. Most other purely vocal groups of the time were stuck working with whoever got assigned to individual recording sessions - and didn't have much say in it.

Vocal arrangements on The 5th Dimension albums were handled by Bob Alcivar, an American music producer, arranger, composer, conductor and keyboard player.

Career

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Formation

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In 1963, LaMonte McLemore and Marilyn McCoo got together with three fellow vocalists from Los Angeles—Harry Elston, Lawrence Summers, and Fritz Baskett—to form a Jazz-oriented vocal group called The Hi-Fi's. Ray Charles signed The Hi-Fi's as his touring opening act in 1963. The vocal group's name was changed to The Vocals, and they recorded a single, "Lonesome Mood" on Tangerine Records in 1963.[12] [13] When The Vocals broke up in 1964, McLemore and McCoo teamed up with two of McLemore's childhood acquaintances from St. Louis (now looking for music opportunities in Los Angeles): aspiring Opera singer Ron Townson, and Gospel and R&B singer Billy Davis Jr. And a second female singer was recruited: Florence LaRue, who — like McCoo — had won the Grand Talent award in the annual Miss Bronze beauty pageant, and had also been photographed by McLemore for the event.[14]

The members began rehearsing as The Versatiles in late 1965. McLemore had been a staff photographer at Motown West in Los Angeles for a short period, so he connected with Marc Gordon, Motown's Senior Vice President in Los Angeles, to arrange for a meeting.[12] [15] Gordon gave The Versatiles permission to record some existing Motown songs as a demo tape, but it was left to McLemore to fly to Detroit and meet with Motown head, Berry Gordy and play the audition tape for him. According to McLemore, Gordy's response to the tape was non-committal:

"Man, you all sound great, but I don't hear no hit. So just go back and cut some more."[16]

Although Gordy had not immediately offered a recording contract to The Versatiles, Marc Gordon believed they had something special, and offered to manage the group. Gordon brought them to the attention of popular singer Johnny Rivers, who had just started his own label, Soul City Records. Soul City signed the group on the spot, but Rivers insisted on a new name. Townson and his wife came up with "The 5th Dimension," and as Davis recalled later, "We all heard it, we all agreed right away, 'That's got to be it!'"[17] [18] In November 1966, Soul City released their first single as The 5th Dimension, "I'll Be Lovin' You Forever", with a decidedly Motown-flavored arrangement. However, the song failed to chart.

Major hits

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The group performing in 1970

In 1967 The 5th Dimension recorded "Go Where You Wanna Go," which became a breakthrough hit for them. The song was a John Phillips tune and reached No. 16 on the US Hot 100 chart.[12] The group followed this with "Up, Up and Away",[12] which reached No. 7 later that same year and went on to win five Grammy Awards. The following year, the group scored major hit singles with Laura Nyro's songs "Stoned Soul Picnic" (U.S. No. 3) and "Sweet Blindness" (U.S. No. 13).[12] The group received a gold record for their album Stoned Soul Picnic.

That album included "California Soul", which peaked at No. 25 in February 1969.[12] Weeks later the group's success broke wide open, with "Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In" from the musical Hair topping the Hot 100 for six straight weeks in April and May[12] and another Nyro song, "Wedding Bell Blues", doing the same for the first three full weeks in November. Their cover of Neil Sedaka's "Workin' On a Groovy Thing" went to No. 20 in between. Those four singles kept the group on the Hot 100 for all but four weeks in 1969. By some reckonings, "Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In" was the biggest hit single for 1969.[19]

Later top 20 hits included 1970's "One Less Bell to Answer" (U.S. No. 2),[12] 1971's "Love's Lines, Angles and Rhymes" (U.S. No. 19) and "Never My Love" (U.S. No. 12), and 1972's "(Last Night) I Didn't Get to Sleep at All" (U.S. No. 8) and "If I Could Reach You" (U.S. No. 10). The group had seven other top 40 hits, the last being 1973's "Living Together, Growing Together" (U.S. No. 32) from the film Lost Horizon.

TV and film appearances

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  • The 5th Dimension made numerous appearances on The Ed Sullivan Show, including shows on March 10 1968, February 23rd 1969, May 18 1969, and in the last season of The Ed Sullivan Show, Sullivan dedicated the entire February 21st 1971 episode to the "5th Anniversary of The 5th Dimension."[20]
  • The group appeared on the Francis Albert Sinatra Does His Thing TV Special (1968), performing "It's a Great Life", "Stoned Soul Picnic", and "Sweet Blindness," sharing the stage with Sinatra for the final song.[21]
  • The 5th Dimension were the featured act of a July 28, 1969, CBS broadcast of highlights from the Harlem Cultural Festival, the "Black Woodstock" gathering in Mount Morris Park that drew 300,000 festival attendees over six shows. The New York Times reported The 5th Dimension show drew 60,000 alone.[22]
  • The group appeared on four separate episodes of the British Top of the Pops TV show from 1969 to 1972.[23]
  • The 5th Dimension appeared on Robert Wagner's popular adventure TV show, It Takes a Thief in 1970, performing "The Puppet Man" and "One Less Bell to Answer."[24]
  • The 5th Dimension Special: An Odyssey in the Cosmic Universe of Peter Max aired on May 21, 1970.[25]
  • On August 18, 1971, their television special, The 5th Dimension Traveling Sunshine Show, first aired.[26]
  • The group performed "Living Together, Growing Together" and "Nobody Knows the Trouble I've Seen" in Burt Bacharach in Shangri-La, a 1973 special promoting Lost Horizon.[27]

Regrouping

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In 1975, McCoo and Davis, who had married on July 26, 1969, left the group to do collective and individual projects.[12] The duo had success with "Your Love" and the chart topper "You Don't Have to Be a Star (To Be in My Show)",[30] which won them their seventh Grammy award as well as their own television variety show, The Marilyn McCoo & Billy Davis Jr. show. Marilyn McCoo served a lengthy 1980s stint as the host of the TV show Solid Gold.[30]

21st century

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Florence LaRue and The 5th Dimension performing a free outdoor concert in Manalapan, New Jersey in 2018

As of April 2009, the group was actively touring as "The 5th Dimension featuring Florence LaRue," led by LaRue, with Willie Williams, Leonard Tucker, Patrice Morris and Floyd Smith.[31]

On June 21, 2016, The 5th Dimension featuring Florence LaRue performed in The Villages, Florida just days after the Orlando nightclub shooting. LaRue took the opportunity to share her thoughts on the shooting: "We will not be terrorized. We know what's happening in the world, but this is a song about good health, love, peace and happiness. We still believe in those things today," she stated before the group performed "Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In".[32]

In November 2017, The 5th Dimension appeared for 18 performances at the Andy Williams Performing Arts Centre in Branson, Missouri, in the Andy Williams Christmas Extravaganza hosted by Jimmy Osmond.[33]

Legacy and critical reception

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David Brown:
For a brief period in the late 1960s, the 5th Dimension fully realized the post-racial crossover success that [Motown's] Gordy had imagined for his stars, while raising the legitimate question of what it means to sound Black in music.

To listen to the 5th Dimension was to hear a mélange of middle-of-the road Pop, show-tunes, folk music, with flourishes of Jazz, Soul, and a tinge of Gospel. If music were to sound like America, it might sound like the 5th Dimension – at least in the 1960s.[3]

Mark Anthony Neal:
But in a scenario that's nearly impossible to imagine for a modern act, the 5th Dimension also became victims of their own success. In an extended Summer of Soul [film] segment, Davis and Marilyn McCoo, the group's most prominent female member, rewatch the footage with equal degrees pride and pain. "We were constantly being attacked because we weren't 'black enough,'" McCoo says. "Sometimes we were called the black group with the white sound, and we didn't like that. … Our voices sound the way they sound. How do you color a sound?" As Davis adds, "Everyone thought we were a white act until they saw pictures." Those poignant moments recall similar put-downs that Whitney Houston endured two decades later, after she began pulling in both black and white audiences with her first two albums.[4]

Caroline Sullivan:
Playing a show at the White House for president Richard Nixon in 1970 only cemented the idea that they were part of the establishment, though LaRue – the only original member who still tours under the 5th Dimension name – has said they were no fans of Nixon. "It was an honour to perform for the president of the United States, [but he] wasn't necessarily the president of our choice." No matter; they couldn't undo what we would now call the reputational damage, despite the fact that one of the songs they played at the White House was "The Declaration", a powerful folk-pop appeal for racial unity.[5]

[The medley of "The Declaration / A Change Is Gonna Come / People Gotta Be Free" was recorded for the Portrait album. The U.S. Declaration of Independence as written by Thomas Jefferson is sung by the group before segueing into Sam Cooke's socially-conscious "A Change Is Gonna Come." The musical treatment of "The Declaration" was first created for the play "Bread, Beans and Things." The recorded version by The 5th Dimension was refused play on Armed Forces radio during the Vietnam era "as they felt it depicted overthrowing the government".][34]

Honors

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The group was inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 2002.[8]

The 5th Dimension was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2003 for the 1967 single, "Up, Up and Away." [35]

The original lineup of The 5th Dimension performed for the U.S. president, staff and invitees at the White House in 1970 and 1972.[5]

The Florence LaRue-led group later performed again at the White House in September of 1982.[36]

The group was invited by the U.S. State Department to represent the country as part of the US Cultural Exchange Program in 1973. This involved a Goodwill Tour of Eastern Europe, giving concerts and talks in Ankara and Istanbul, Turkey, Bucharest and Ploesti, Romania, Warsaw and Katowice, Poland, and Ostrava, Bratislava and Prague in Czechoslovakia.[37]

They have a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, inducted August 9, 1991, and the St. Louis Walk of Fame, inducted on March 18, 2010.[38]

Membership

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McCoo and Davis left the group in November 1975. Since then, other members have included the following:

  • Eloise Laws (McCoo replacement) 1975
  • Danny Beard (Davis replacement) 1975–1978
  • Marjorie Barnes (McCoo replacement) 1976–1977
  • Terri Bryant (McCoo replacement) 1978–1979
  • Mic Bell (Townson replacement) 1978–1979
  • Lou Courtney (Davis replacement) 1978–1979
  • Pat Bass (McCoo replacement) 1979
  • Tanya Boyd (McCoo replacement) 1979
  • Joyce Wright Pierce (McCoo replacement) 1979–1986 and 1987
  • Michael Procter (Davis replacement) 1979–1988
  • Ron Townson 1979–1997
  • Estrelita (McCoo replacement) 1986
  • Phyllis Battle (McCoo replacement) 1988–2001
  • Eugene Barry-Hill (Davis replacement) 1989–1992
  • Greg Walker (Davis replacement) 1993–2006
  • Cydney Davis (LaRue replacement) Summer of 1996
  • Willie Williams (Townson replacement) 1998–2018
  • Van Jewell (McCoo replacement) 2002, 2005
  • Julie Delgado (McCoo replacement) 2002–2005
  • Jamila Ajibade (McCoo replacement) 2005–2006 and 2007–2008
  • Leonard Tucker (Davis replacement) 2006–present
  • Valerie Davis (McCoo replacement) 2006–2007
  • Jennifer Leigh Warren (McCoo replacement) 2007
  • Gwyn Foxx (McCoo replacement) December 2007
  • Michael Mishaw (McLemore replacement) 2006–2008
  • Patrice Morris (McCoo replacement) 2008–present
  • Floyd Smith (McLemore replacement) 2009–present
  • Sidney Jacobs (William replacement) 2018-present


Original lineup Florence LaRue Marilyn McCoo Billy Davis Jr. LaMonte McLemore Ron Townson
1966–75 Florence LaRue Marilyn McCoo Billy Davis Jr. LaMonte McLemore Ron Townson
1975 Eloise Laws Danny Beard
1976–76 Marjorie Barnes
1978 Terri Bryant
1978–79 Lou Courtney Mic Bell
1979 Pat Bass/
Tanya Boyd/
Joyce Wright Pierce
Michael Procter
1980–86 Joyce Wright Pierce Ron Townson
1986 Estrelita
1987 Joyce Wright Pierce
1988 Phyllis Battle
1989–92 Eugene Barry Hill
1993–98 Greg Walker
1998–2002 Sidney Jacobs
2002 Van Jewell
2002–05 Julie Delgado
2005 Van Jewell
2005–06 Jamila Ajibade
2006–07 Valerie Davis Leonard Tucker Michael Mishaw
2007 Jennifer Lee Warren/
Gwyn Foxx
2008 Patrice Morris
2009–present Floyd Smith

Discography

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Main article: The 5th Dimension discography

Publications

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  • The Encyclopedia of Pop, Rock & Soul (revised edition); Irwin Stambler; © 1989; St. Martin's Press, New York
  • All Music Guide to Soul: The Definitive Guide to R&B and Soul; Vladimir Bogdanov; © 2003; Rowman & Littlefield Publishers / Backbeat Books, San Francisco
  • From Hobo Flats to the 5th Dimension: A Life Fulfilled in Baseball, Photography and Music; LaMonte McLemore © 2015; The Soul of the Voice, Ltd.
  • Up, Up, and Away: How We Found Love, Faith, and Lasting Marriage in the Entertainment World; Marilyn McCoo and Billy Davis Jr., with Mike Yorkey; © 2004; Northfield Publishing, New York
  • Hal Blaine & The Wrecking Crew; Hal Blaine & David Goggin; © 2003; Rebeats Publications, Alma
Chapter: "Jimmy Webb and The 5th Dimension"[40]
  • The Cake and the Rain; Jimmy Webb; © 2017; St. Martin's Press, New York[41]
See anecdotes starting on pages 156 and 199. Unfortunately, Webb's book ends with 1973 and doesn't cover his reunion album with The 5th Dimension, "Earthbound", recorded in 1975.

References

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  1. ^ a b c d Huey, Steve. "The 5th Dimension Biography". AllMusic.
  2. ^ a b Staff (August 11, 2016). "The story of The 5th Dimension in five glorious songs". MeTV. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  3. ^ a b David Browne (July 5, 2021). "'Let the Sunshine In': Remembering the 5th Dimension's Quiet Revolution". Rolling Stone. Retrieved February 25, 2025.
  4. ^ a b Mark Anthony Neal (August 7, 2021). "'How Do You Color a Sound?': The 'Wonder Bread' Soul of the 5th Dimension". The New Black Magazine. Retrieved February 25, 2025.
  5. ^ a b c Caroline Sullivan. "Cult heroes: The 5th Dimension - Elegant Pop Crooners Who Wowed the Mainstream". Retrieved February 27, 2025.
  6. ^ a b "The 5th Dimension Songs, Albums, Reviews, Bio & More". AllMusic. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
  7. ^ "The 5th Dimension". Billboard. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
  8. ^ a b "The 5th Dimension – Inductees – The Vocal Group Hall of Fame Foundation". Vocal Group Hall of Fame Foundation. Archived from the original on February 2, 2009. Retrieved March 31, 2009.
  9. ^ "The 5th Dimension: Biography". ArtistWiki. Retrieved February 27, 2025.
  10. ^ Ken Shane (February 13, 2010). "Cratedigger: The 5th Dimension, 'The Magic Garden'". Pop Dose. Retrieved February 26, 2025.
  11. ^ Sean Gaillard (November 28, 2021). "The Concept Album: 'The Magic Garden'". CultureSonar. Retrieved February 26, 2025.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i Colin Larkin, ed. (1993). The Guinness Who's Who of Soul Music (First ed.). Guinness Publishing. p. 84/5. ISBN 0-85112-733-9.
  13. ^ McLemore, Lamonte; Allan-Arno, Robert. From Hobo Flats to the 5th Dimension: A Life Fulfilled in Baseball, Photography and Music. The Soul of the Voice, Ltd. p. 23. ISBN 0692307362.
  14. ^ Smith, Danyel (2023). Shine Bright: A Very Personal History of Black Women in Pop. Random House Publishing Group. p. 119. ISBN 9780593132739.
  15. ^ McLemore, Lamonte; Allan-Arno, Robert. From Hobo Flats to the 5th Dimension: A Life Fulfilled in Baseball, Photography and Music. The Soul of the Voice, Ltd. p. 31. ISBN 0692307362.
  16. ^ McLemore, Lamonte; Allan-Arno, Robert. From Hobo Flats to the 5th Dimension: A Life Fulfilled in Baseball, Photography and Music. The Soul of the Voice, Ltd. p. 32. ISBN 0692307362.
  17. ^ "An Interview with The 5th Dimension's Marilyn McCoo and Billy Davis, Jr., Starring in The Colors of Christmas at New Brunswick's State Theatre". Spotlight Central. November 21, 2017. Retrieved November 14, 2024.
  18. ^ McLemore, Lamonte; Allan-Arno, Robert. From Hobo Flats to the 5th Dimension: A Life Fulfilled in Baseball, Photography and Music. The Soul of the Voice, Ltd. p. 32. ISBN 0692307362.
  19. ^ "The Musicradio Top 100 of 1969". WABC. Retrieved June 11, 2020.
  20. ^ Ed Sullivan Show (Television Variety Show Archive) (February 26, 2025). "Artists – The 5th Dimension". Ed Sullivan. Retrieved February 26, 2025.
  21. ^ IMDb (Movie and TV Industry Database Archive) (February 26, 2025). "The 5th Dimension". IMDb. Retrieved February 26, 2025.
  22. ^ Greene, Bryan (June 2017). "Parks and Recreation: Harlem at a Crossroads in the Summer of '69". Poverty and Race Research Action Council.
  23. ^ Top of the Pops (TV Archive). "The 5th Dimension". TOTP Archive. Retrieved February 26, 2025.
  24. ^ IMDb (Movie and TV Industry Database Archive) (February 26, 2025). "The 5th Dimension". IMDb. Retrieved February 26, 2025.
  25. ^ IMDb (Movie and TV Industry Database Archive) (February 26, 2025). "The 5th Dimension Special: An Odyssey in the Cosmic Universe of Peter Max". IMDb. Retrieved February 26, 2025.
  26. ^ "It's Time to Take the 5th". Alexandria Daily Town Talk. Vol. LXXXIX.
  27. ^ Terry Whittier (May 20, 2005). "The Bootleg Files: 'Burt Bacharach in Shangri-la' | Film Threat". Filmthreat.com. Retrieved June 12, 2021.
  28. ^ "The Bobby Goldsboro Show: The 5th Dimension". The Bobby Goldsboro Show. Season 2. Episode 23. February 14, 1976. CBS.
  29. ^ "The Glen Campbell Goodtime Hour". The Glen Campbell Goodtime Hour. Season 1. Episode 4. February 22, 1971. CBS.
  30. ^ a b Colin Larkin, ed. (1997). The Virgin Encyclopedia of Sixties Music (First ed.). Virgin Books. p. 195. ISBN 0-7535-0149-X.
  31. ^ "Florence LaRue & The 5th Dimension: A Brief Biography" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on May 30, 2009. Retrieved April 25, 2009.
  32. ^ "5th Dimension's Florence LaRue charms sold-out crowds at Savannah Center". Villages-News.com. June 22, 2016. Retrieved August 25, 2016.
  33. ^ Uitti, Jacob (October 5, 2021). "The 5th Dimension's Florence LaRue Talks New Memoir, Band History, and Eartha Kitt". American Songwriter. Retrieved June 17, 2023.
  34. ^ McLemore, Lamonte; Allan-Arno, Robert. From Hobo Flats to the 5th Dimension: A Life Fulfilled in Baseball, Photography and Music. The Soul of the Voice, Ltd. p. 48. ISBN 0692307362.
  35. ^ "Grammy Hall of Fame Award". Retrieved February 27, 2025.
  36. ^ Joe Brown. "Charting the 5th Dimension". Retrieved February 27, 2025.
  37. ^ McLemore, Lamonte; Allan-Arno, Robert. From Hobo Flats to the 5th Dimension: A Life Fulfilled in Baseball, Photography and Music. The Soul of the Voice, Ltd. p. 83. ISBN 0692307362.
  38. ^ "St. Louis Walk of Fame – The 5th Dimension". St. Louis Walk of Fame. Retrieved March 20, 2010.
  39. ^ "LaMonte McLemore". IMDb. Retrieved November 10, 2012.
  40. ^ Blaine, Hal; Goggin, David (2003). "Jimmy Webb and The 5th Dimension". Hal Blaine & The Wrecking Crew. Rebeats Publications. p. 77. ISBN 1888408073.
  41. ^ Webb, Jimmy (2017). "Chapter Nine; Chapter Twelve". The Cake and the Rain. St. Martin's Press. pp. 156, 199. ISBN 978-1-250-05841-6.
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