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Tapani incident

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Tapani Incident

Taiwanese captured after the Tapani Incident being taken from the Tainan jail to court
Date1915
Location
Taiwan
Result Japanese victory
Belligerents
Da Ming Cibeiguo [zh]
Han Taiwanese
Taiwanese aborigines		  Empire of Japan
Commanders and leaders
Yu Qingfang Empire of Japan Unknown
Strength
1,413[1][2] Unknown
Casualties and losses
"Thousands"[3] Unknown
Tapani incident
Chinese name
Chinese噍吧哖事件
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinJiaòbānián Shìjìan
Wade–GilesChiao4-pa1-nien2 Shih4-chien4
Southern Min
Hokkien POJTa-pa-nî sū-kiāⁿ
Alternative name
Traditional Chinese西來庵事件
Simplified Chinese西来庵事件
Literal meaningXilai Temple Incident
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinXīlaí'ān Shìjìan
Wade–GilesHsi1-lai2-an1 Shih4-chien4
Alternative name
Chinese玉井事件
Literal meaningYujing Incident
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinYùjǐng Shìjìan
Wade–GilesYü4-ching3 Shih4-chien4
Japanese name
Kanji西来庵事件
Hiraganaせいらいあんじけん
Kyūjitai西來庵事件
Transcriptions
RomanizationSeirai-an jiken

The Tapani incident[4] or Tapani uprising[3] in 1915 was one of the biggest armed uprisings[5] by Taiwanese Han and Aboriginals, including Taivoan, against Japanese rule in Taiwan. Alternative names used to refer to the incident include the Xilai Temple Incident after the Xilai Temple in Tainan, where the revolt began, and the Yu Qingfang Incident after the leader Yu Qingfang.[6] Multiple Japanese police stations were stormed by Aboriginal and Han Chinese fighters under Chiang Ting (Jiang Ding) and Yü Ch'ing-fang (Yu Qingfang).[7]

Recruitment

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The largest group of participants came from the local ho and kō heads (gentry) from the mountainous areas of Tainan and Ahou prefectures, followed by numerous camphor industry workers of Nantou Prefecture. There were also a group of scholars and ex-officials from Tainan city. Only one recruit from the northern and central areas of Taiwan participated in fighting.[8] The revolt recruited supporters from mainland China as well, although the overall worldviews of the revolt participants seem to be largely unaware of or unaffected by recent Chinese political events such as the Xinhai Revolution, but sought to create an imperial state with either Yü or Luo as emperor.[9] The participants of the revolt believed that a force of "celestial troops," or troops from mainland China, would come to their aid, although they disagreed on whether these were to be from Chinese leader Yuan Shikai or from the already-defunct Qing dynasty, and also did not agree on whether the purpose was for China to take over Taiwan or to acquire state independence.[10] During the height of the rebellion, Yu published an edict, reminiscent of ancient imperial Chinese legitimation ideology, based on the ideas of Zhonghua leadership over other nations, the Mandate of Heaven, and dynastic revolution. In the edict he declared the formation of a Da Ming Cibei Kingdom (Kingdom of Compassion and Great Luminosity). This rhetoric closely resembled those of triad or Heaven and Earth Society rebellions.[11]

Legacy

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Modern Taiwanese historiography attempts to portray the Tapani Incident as a nationalist uprising either from a Chinese (unification) or Taiwanese (independence) perspective. Japanese colonial historiography attempted to portray the incident as a large scale instance of banditry led by criminal elements. However, the Tapani Incident differs from other uprisings in Taiwan's history because of its elements of millenarianism and folk religion, which enabled Yu Qingfang to raise a significant armed force whose members believed themselves to be invulnerable to modern weaponry.[12]

The similarities between the rhetoric of the leaders of the Tapani uprising and the Righteous Harmony Society of the recent Boxer Rebellion in China were not lost on Japanese colonial authorities, and the colonial government subsequently paid more attention to popular religion and took steps to improve colonial administration in southern Taiwan.

The aboriginals carried on with violent armed struggle against the Japanese while Han Chinese violent opposition stopped after Tapani.[13]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Maritime Taiwan: Historical Encounters with the East and the West. M.E. Sharpe. 2009. pp. 134–. ISBN 978-0-7656-4189-2.
  2. ^ Shih-Shan Henry Tsai (18 December 2014). Maritime Taiwan: Historical Encounters with the East and the West: Historical Encounters with the East and the West. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-317-46516-4.
  3. ^ a b Cohen, Sande (2006). History Out of Joint: Essays on the Use and Abuse of History. JHU Press. pp. 58. ISBN 9780801882142.
  4. ^ Heé, Nadin (2014). "Taiwan under Japanese Rule. Showpiece of a Model Colony? Historiographical Tendencies in Narrating Colonialism". History Compass. 12 (8): 632–641. doi:10.1111/hic3.12180.
  5. ^ International Business Publications, USA (3 March 2012). Taiwan Country Study Guide: Strategic Information and Developments. Int'l Business Publications. pp. 73–. ISBN 978-1-4387-7570-8. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)[permanent dead link‍]
  6. ^ Shih-shan Henry Tsai (2 September 2005). Lee Teng-Hui and Taiwan's Quest for Identity. Springer. pp. 12–. ISBN 978-1-4039-7717-5.
  7. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20070924110630/http://iao.sinica.edu.tw/significant-research-results-pdf/090-094-em19.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-24. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  8. ^ Katz, Paul R. (2005). When Valleys Turned Blood Red: The Tapani Incident in Colonial Taiwan. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. pp. 79–85. ISBN 9780824829155.
  9. ^ Katz, Paul R. (2005). When Valleys Turned Blood Red: The Tapani Incident in Colonial Taiwan. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. pp. 76, 78, 88, 102, 110. ISBN 9780824829155.
  10. ^ Katz, Paul R. (2005). When Valleys Turned Blood Red: The Tapani Incident in Colonial Taiwan. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. pp. 65, 89, 107. ISBN 9780824829155.
  11. ^ Katz, Paul R. (2005). When Valleys Turned Blood Red: The Tapani Incident in Colonial Taiwan. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. pp. 107–109. ISBN 9780824829155.
  12. ^ Katz, Paul R. (2005). When Valleys Turned Blood Red: The Tapani Incident in Colonial Taiwan. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. p. 110. ISBN 9780824829155.
  13. ^ Steven Crook (5 June 2014). Taiwan. Bradt Travel Guides. pp. 16–. ISBN 978-1-84162-497-6.

References

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  • Katz, Paul R. (2 March 2007). "Governmentality and Its Consequences in Colonial Taiwan: A Case Study of the Ta-pa-ni Incident of 1915". The Journal of Asian Studies. 64 (2): 387–424. doi:10.1017/s0021911805000823. S2CID 161518102.
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