Talk:Golden bull

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Untitled

Physical Seals Anyone know what the seals were made of? Wax & Gold dust? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.244.183.148 (talk) 00:55, 3 October 2008 (UTC)[reply]

The seals would be ordinary wax. The wax seal is affixed to strings attaching it to the document in question, and the wax seal itself is protected by a golden capsule, which is the reason for the phrase. If you read German, see e.g. [1] 89.239.209.112 (talk) 21:31, 4 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

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Bull of Gniezno is not golden

The Bull "Ex commisso nobis a Deo", also known as the Bull of Gniezno, does not have a golden seal. The attribute "golden" is used in the phrase "The Golden Bull of the Polish Language", coined by Polish philologist Alexander Bruckner, who wanted to amplify its importance for the history of Polish language because it notes a large number of Polish names of people and settlements. So the Bull of Gniezno is not really a golden bull. Golden bulls are rare in the West, they are more frequent in the Eastern Roman Empire and in the Eastern Orthodox Church. The Bull of Gniezno itself used to have a lead seal, which was lost together with the original document. The existing document, kept as the Bull of Gniezno in the Kapitula of Gniezno, is a copy made a couple of years after the original, but still in the 12th century. Experts generally agree that the original text was altered, mainly by extending the list of church properties to match ambitions of the Polish bishop Jacob. So technically speaking, the existing document is a forgery, which is not unusual, many bulls we have today are like that. 93.86.243.53 (talk) 11:29, 1 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]