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Swimming at the 1981 Summer Universiade

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Swimming
at the XI Summer Universiade
1979
1983

The swimming competition at the 1981 Summer Universiade took place in Bucharest, Romania.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]

Men's events

[edit]
Event Gold Silver Bronze
100 m freestyle
details
Kris Kirschner
 United States
51.39 Serhiy Krasyuk
 Soviet Union
51.86 Jorge Fernandes
 Brazil
52.06
200 m freestyle
details
Andy Schmidt
 United States
1:52.62 GR Jorge Fernandes
 Brazil
1:52.92 Djan Madruga
 Brazil
1:53.00
400 m freestyle
details
Daniel Machek
 Czechoslovakia
3:58.08 Djan Madruga
 Brazil
3:58.54 Sergey Kalashnikov
 Soviet Union
4:00.95
1500 m freestyle
details
Aleksandr Chayev
 Soviet Union
15:22.25 GR Sergey Kalashnikov
 Soviet Union
15:40.62 Monte Brown
 United States
15:48.70
100 m backstroke
details
Sergei Zabolotnov
 Soviet Union
58.09 Vladimir Dolgov
 Soviet Union
58.19 Rômulo Arantes
 Brazil
58.24
200 m backstroke
details
Sergei Zabolotnov
 Soviet Union
2:03.65 Djan Madruga
 Brazil
2:03.73 Zbigniew Januszkiewicz
 Poland
2:05.37
100 m breaststroke
details
Nicholas Nevid
 United States
1:04.33 Peter Lang
 West Germany
1:05.06 Arsens Miskarovs
 Soviet Union
1:05.41
200 m breaststroke
details
Arsens Miskarovs
 Soviet Union
2:19.42 GR Nicholas Nevid
 United States
2:21.47 Aleksandr Fedorovsky
 Soviet Union
2:23.62
100 m butterfly
details
William Paulus
 United States
Robert Placak
 United States
55.41 Not awarded Sergei Kiselyov
 Soviet Union
56.29
200 m butterfly
details
Sergey Fesenko, Sr.
 Soviet Union
2:01.86 Levente Mady
 Canada
2:04.75 Sergei Kiselyov
 Soviet Union
2:04.85
200 m individual medley
details
Sergey Fesenko, Sr.
 Soviet Union
2:06.34 GR Aleksey Markovsky
 Soviet Union
2:08.37 Alan Swanston
 Canada
2:09.48
400 m individual medley
details
Sergey Fesenko, Sr.
 Soviet Union
4:25.53 Peter Dobson
 Canada
4:31.65 Daniel Machek
 Czechoslovakia
4:32.16
4×100 m freestyle relay
details
 United States (USA)
Jerry Spencer
Andy Schmidt
Paul Goodridge
Kris Kirschner
3:27.84  Soviet Union (URS)
Yuri Prisekin
Alexey Filonov
Aleksey Markovsky
Serhiy Krasyuk
3:28.09  Brazil (BRA)
Jorge Fernandes
Marcus Mattioli
Ronald Menezes
Djan Madruga
3:32.42
4×200 m freestyle relay
details
 Soviet Union (URS) 7:33.96 GR  United States (USA)
Andy Schmidt
Jimmy Lee
B. McCarthy
Kris Kirschner
7:34.11  Brazil (BRA) 7:38.32
4×100 m medley relay
details
 Soviet Union (URS)
Sergei Zabolotnov
Arsens Miskarovs
Sergei Kiselyov
Serhiy Krasyuk
3:48.75  United States (USA)
Dave Wilson
Nicholas Nevid
Bob Placak
Kris Kirschner
3:49.55  Brazil (BRA)
Rômulo Arantes
Luiz Carvalho
Marcus Mattioli
Jorge Fernandes
3:55.10

Legend: CRChampionship record; CWRCommonwealth record; NR – National record

Women's events

[edit]
Event Gold Silver Bronze
100 m freestyle
details
Jill Sterkel
 United States
57.17 Barbara Major
 United States
58.28 Olga Klevakina
 Soviet Union
58.65
200 m freestyle
details
Jill Sterkel
 United States
2:03.97 GR Olga Klevakina
 Soviet Union
2:04.58 Irina Laricheva
 Soviet Union
2:05.38
400 m freestyle
details
Kim Linehan
 United States
4:15.26 Irina Laricheva
 Soviet Union
4:15.50 Sherri Hanna
 United States
4:21.01
800 m freestyle
details
Kim Linehan
 United States
8:37.50 GR Irina Laricheva
 Soviet Union
8:45.01 Sherri Hanna
 United States
8:46.57
100 m backstroke
details
Carmen Bunaciu
 Romania
1:02.47 GR Kim Carlisle
 United States
1:04.53 Susan Walsh
 United States
1:04.74
200 m backstroke
details
Carmen Bunaciu
 Romania
2:13.21 Kim Carlisle
 United States
2:19.02 Susan Walsh
 United States
2:19.11
100 m breaststroke
details
Angelika Knipping
 West Germany
1:14.20 Liang Weifen
 China
1:14.48 Lina Kačiušytė
 Soviet Union
1:14.54
200 m breaststroke
details
Lina Kačiušytė
 Soviet Union
2:35.85 GR Irena Fleissnerová
 Czechoslovakia
2:38.64 Cindy Tuttle
 United States
2:41.66
100 m butterfly
details
Jill Sterkel
 United States
1:01.91 GR Carol Borgmann
 United States
1:02.43 Carmen Bunaciu
 Romania
1:02.98
200 m butterfly
details
Kim Carlisle
 United States
2:15.71 Susie Woodhouse
 Australia
2:15.97 Mayumi Yokoyama
 United States
2:17.52
200 m individual medley
details
Kim Carlisle
 United States
2:20.43 GR Olga Klevakina
 Soviet Union
2:20.81 Barbara Selter
 West Germany
2:24.17
400 m individual medley
details
Mayumi Yokoyama
 United States
4:55.45 GR Irinel Panulescu
 Romania
5:03.78 Malgorzata Rozycka
 Poland
5:07.49
4×100 m freestyle relay
details
 United States (USA)
Annie Lett
Carol Borgmann
Barbara Major
Jill Sterkel
3:55.05  Soviet Union (URS)
Irina Laricheva
Olga Eliseeva
Irina Orliuk
Olga Klevakina
3:57.64  Canada (CAN)
Kelly Neuber
Leslie Brafield
Sylvie Kennedy
Valerie Whyte
4:00.59
4×100 m medley relay
details
 United States (USA)
Kim Carlisle
Patricia Waters
Jill Sterkel
Barbara Major
4:18.84  Romania (ROM)
Carmen Bunaciu
Brigitte Prass
Mariana Paraschiv
Irinel Pănulescu
4:22.14  Soviet Union (URS)
Irina Orliuk
Lina Kačiušytė
Olga Klevakina
Irina Laricheva
4:25.96

Legend: CRChampionship record; CWRCommonwealth record; NR – National record

Men's 100 m freestyle
Rank Name Nationality Time Notes
1st place, gold medalist(s) Kris Kirschner  United States 51.39
2nd place, silver medalist(s) Serhiy Krasyuk  Soviet Union 51.86
3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Jorge Fernandes  Brazil 52.06
4 Jerry Spencer  United States 52.17
5 Yuri Prisekin  Soviet Union 52.38
6 Gerd Kohlat  West Germany 53.63
7 Per-Alvar Magnusson  Sweden 53.71
8 Graeme Brewer  Australia 53.73
Men's 200 m freestyle
Rank Name Nationality Time Notes
1st place, gold medalist(s) Andy Schmidt  United States 1:52.62 GR
2nd place, silver medalist(s) Jorge Fernandes  Brazil 1:52.92
3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Djan Madruga  Brazil 1:53.00
4 Yuri Logvin  Soviet Union 1:53.01
5 Yuri Prisekin  Soviet Union 1:53.93
6 Daniel Machek  Czechoslovakia 1:54.93
7 Dennis Corcoran  Canada 1:55.82
8 Hiroshi Sakamoto  Japan 1:56.39
Men's 400 m freestyle
Rank Name Nationality Time Notes
1st place, gold medalist(s) Daniel Machek  Czechoslovakia 3:58.08
2nd place, silver medalist(s) Djan Madruga  Brazil 3:58.54
3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Sergey Kalashnikov  Soviet Union 4:00.95
4 Graeme Brewer  Australia 4:04.03
5 James Lee  United States 4:04.95
6 Ron McKeon  Australia 4:05.85
7 Eugene Gyorfi  Canada 4:08.71
8 Marcelo Jucá  Brazil 4:08.88
Men's 1500 m freestyle
Rank Name Nationality Time Notes
1st place, gold medalist(s) Aleksandr Chayev  Soviet Union 15:22.25 GR
2nd place, silver medalist(s) Sergey Kalashnikov  Soviet Union 15:40.62
3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Monte Brown  United States 15:48.70
4 Marcelo Jucá  Brazil 15:57.80
5 Eugene Gyorfi  Canada 16:04.58
6 Robert Bylis  Canada 16:09.41
7 Hiroaki Kaneko  Japan 16:11.22
8 Tizoc Guemez  Mexico 16:31.89
Men's 100 m backstroke
Rank Name Nationality Time Notes
1st place, gold medalist(s) Sergei Zabolotnov  Soviet Union 58.09
2nd place, silver medalist(s) Vladimir Dolgov  Soviet Union 58.19
3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Rômulo Arantes  Brazil 58.24
4 Dave Wilson  United States 58.69
5 Zbigniew Januszkiewicz  Poland 59.56
6 Clay Britt  United States 59.63
7 Miloslav Rolko  Czechoslovakia 59.76
8 Hidetoshi Takahashi  Japan 1:00.01
Men's 200 m backstroke
Rank Name Nationality Time Notes
1st place, gold medalist(s) Sergei Zabolotnov  Soviet Union 2:03.65
2nd place, silver medalist(s) Djan Madruga  Brazil 2:03.73
3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Zbigniew Januszkiewicz  Poland 2:05.37
4 Vladimir Dolgov  Soviet Union 2:05.97
5 Hidetoshi Takahashi  Japan 2:07.07
6 James Fowler  United States 2:09.10
7 Josef Kuf  Czechoslovakia 2:09.40
8 Mihai Mandache  Romania 2:10.12
Men's 100 m breaststroke
Rank Name Nationality Time Notes
1st place, gold medalist(s) Nicholas Nevid  United States 1:04.33
2nd place, silver medalist(s) Peter Lang  West Germany 1:05.06
3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Arsens Miskarovs  Soviet Union 1:05.41
4 Robert Jackson  United States 1:05.70
5 Wang Lin  China 1:06.09
6 Aleksandr Fedorovsky  Soviet Union 1:06.13
7 Marco Veilleux  Canada 1:06.64
8 Tatsuo Abe  Japan 1:07.72
Men's 200 m breaststroke
Rank Name Nationality Time Notes
1st place, gold medalist(s) Arsens Miskarovs  Soviet Union 2:19.42 GR
2nd place, silver medalist(s) Nicholas Nevid  United States 2:21.47
3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Aleksandr Fedorovsky  Soviet Union 2:23.62
4 Wang Lin  China 2:24.39
5 Asao Aoki  Japan 2:25.24
6 Marco Veilleux  Canada 2:25.49
Men's 100 m butterfly
Rank Name Nationality Time Notes
1st place, gold medalist(s) William Paulus  United States 55.41
1st place, gold medalist(s) Robert Placak  United States 55.41
3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Sergei Kiselyov  Soviet Union 56.29
4 Kenji Izumi  Japan 57.07
5 Per-Alvar Magnusson  Sweden 57.70
6 Marcus Mattioli  Brazil 57.71
7 Luo Zhaoying  China 57.79
7 Levente Mady  Canada 57.79
Men's 200 m butterfly
Rank Name Nationality Time Notes
1st place, gold medalist(s) Sergey Fesenko, Sr.  Soviet Union 2:01.86
2nd place, silver medalist(s) Levente Mady  Canada 2:04.75
3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Sergei Kiselyov  Soviet Union 2:04.85
4 Yoshinobu Shidara  Japan 2:05.04
5 Shinsuke Kayama  Japan 2:05.14
6 Juan Carlos Fontoura  Brazil 2:06.16
7 Gérard de Kort  Netherlands 2:07.27
8 Flavius Vişan  Romania 2:09.41
Men's 200 m individual medley
Rank Name Nationality Time Notes
1st place, gold medalist(s) Sergey Fesenko, Sr.  Soviet Union 2:06.34 GR
2nd place, silver medalist(s) Aleksey Markovsky  Soviet Union 2:08.34
3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Alan Swanston  Canada 2:09.48
4 Dawei Feng  China 2:10.24
5 Bob Rives  United States 2:10.99
6 Dave Town  Canada 2:11.34
7 Kozo Tatsumi  Japan 2:11.57
8 Stefan Mitu  Romania 2:12.08
Men's 400 m individual medley
Rank Name Nationality Time Notes
1st place, gold medalist(s) Sergey Fesenko, Sr.  Soviet Union 4:25.53
2nd place, silver medalist(s) Peter Dobson  Canada 4:31.65
3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Daniel Machek  Czechoslovakia 4:32.16
4 Monte Brown  United States 4:38.08
5 Kozo Tatsumi  Japan 4:39.36
6 Tizoc Guemez  Mexico 4:39.43
7 Gérard de Kort  Netherlands 4:42.19
8 Jeffrey Riddle  Canada 4:42.59
Men's 4×100 m freestyle relay
Rank Nation Athletes Time Notes
1st place, gold medalist(s)  United States Jerry Spencer
Andy Schmidt
Paul Goodridge
Kris Kirschner
3:27.84
2nd place, silver medalist(s)  Soviet Union Yuri Prisekin
Alexey Filonov
Aleksey Markovsky
Serhiy Krasyuk
3:28.09
3rd place, bronze medalist(s)  Brazil Jorge Fernandes
Marcus Mattioli
Ronald Menezes
Djan Madruga
3:32.42
4  Canada 3:33.54
5  Japan 3:35.96
6  Romania 3:37.75
7  Czechoslovakia 3:39.17
8  Poland 3:45.83
Men's 4×200 m freestyle relay
Rank Nation Athletes Time Notes
1st place, gold medalist(s)  Soviet Union 7:33.96 GR
2nd place, silver medalist(s)  United States Andy Schmidt
Jimmy Lee
B. McCarthy
Kris Kirschner
7:34.11
3rd place, bronze medalist(s)  Brazil 7:38.32
4  Canada 7:39.88
5  Czechoslovakia 7:49.08
6  Japan 7:52.96
7  Romania 7:53.78
8  Bulgaria 7:59.43
Men's 4×100 m medley relay
Rank Nation Athletes Time Notes
1st place, gold medalist(s)  Soviet Union Sergey Zabolotnov
Arsens Miskarovs
Sergei Kiselyov
Serhiy Krasyuk
3:48.75
2nd place, silver medalist(s)  United States Dave Wilson
Nicholas Nevid
Robert Placak
Kris Kirchner
3:49.55
3rd place, bronze medalist(s)  Brazil Rômulo Arantes
Luiz Carvalho
Marcus Mattioli
Jorge Fernandes
3:55.10
4  Japan 3:56.18
5  China 3:56.48
6  Canada 3:59.79
7  Romania 4:03.15
8  Poland 4:07.29
Women's 100 m freestyle
Rank Name Nationality Time Notes
1st place, gold medalist(s) Jill Sterkel  United States 57.17
2nd place, silver medalist(s) Barbara Major  United States 58.28
3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Olga Klevakina  Soviet Union 58.65
4 Kelly Neuber  Canada 59.38
5 Carole Amoric  France 59.51
6 Radosveta Chinkova  Bulgaria 1:00.05
7 Olga Eliseeva  Soviet Union 1:00.06
8 Kateřina Machková  Czechoslovakia 1:00.72
Women's 200 m freestyle
Rank Name Nationality Time Notes
1st place, gold medalist(s) Jill Sterkel  United States 2:03.97
2nd place, silver medalist(s) Olga Klevakina  Soviet Union 2:04.58
3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Irina Laricheva  Soviet Union 2:05.38
4 Tracy Spalding  United States 2:05.58
5 Véronique Stéphan  France 2:07.67
6 Kelly Neuber  Canada 2:09.04
7 Leslie Brafield  Canada 2:09.32
8 Iwona Wejksza  Poland 2:10.51
Women's 400 m freestyle
Rank Name Nationality Time Notes
1st place, gold medalist(s) Kim Linehan  United States 4:15.26
2nd place, silver medalist(s) Irina Laricheva  Soviet Union 4:15.50
3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Sherri Hanna  United States 4:21.01
4 Renata Janik  Poland 4:31.46
5 Leslie Brafield  Canada 4:34.07
6 Carmen Mihăilă  Romania 4:37.94
7 Kelly Neuber  Canada 4:39.98
8 Xu Yan  China 4:40.79
Women's 800 m freestyle
Rank Name Nationality Time Notes
1st place, gold medalist(s) Kim Linehan  United States 8:37.50 GR
2nd place, silver medalist(s) Irina Laricheva  Soviet Union 8:45.01
3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Sherri Hanna  United States 8:46.57
4 Renata Janik  Poland 9:19.83
5 Carmen Mihăilă  Romania 9:24.22
6 Xu Yan  China 9:34.01
7 Anna Michalak  Poland 9:41.18
8 Alejandra Colin  Mexico 10:00.89
Women's 100 m backstroke
Rank Name Nationality Time Notes
1st place, gold medalist(s) Carmen Bunaciu  Romania 1:02.47 GR
2nd place, silver medalist(s) Kim Carlisle  United States 1:04.53
3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Susan Walsh  United States 1:04.74
4 Irina Orliuk  Soviet Union 1:06.21
5 Valerie Whyte  Canada 1:07.32
6 Heike John  West Germany 1:07.51
7 Daphne Demuth  Netherlands 1:08.91
8 Lisa Dixon  Canada 1:09.29
Women's 200 m backstroke
Rank Name Nationality Time Notes
1st place, gold medalist(s) Carmen Bunaciu  Romania 2:13.21
2nd place, silver medalist(s) Kim Carlisle  United States 2:19.02
3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Susan Walsh  United States 2:19.11
4 Irina Orliuk  Soviet Union 2:19.92
5 Daphne Demuth  Netherlands 2:22.13
6 Lisa Dixon  Canada 2:24.26
7 Mihăilescu  Romania 2:26.17
8 Valerie Whyte  Canada 2:29.92
Women's 100 m breaststroke
Rank Name Nationality Time Notes
1st place, gold medalist(s) Angelika Knipping  West Germany 1:14.20
2nd place, silver medalist(s) Liang Weifen  China 1:14.48
3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Lina Kačiušytė  Soviet Union 1:14.54
4 Hong Shad  China 1:14.82
5 Brigitte Prass  Romania 1:14.86
6 Patricia Waters  United States 1:15.47
7 Christine Seidl  Romania 1:15.72
8 Irena Fleissnerová  Czechoslovakia 1:16.13
Women's 200 m breaststroke
Rank Name Nationality Time Notes
1st place, gold medalist(s) Lina Kačiušytė  Soviet Union 2:35.85 GR
2nd place, silver medalist(s) Irena Fleissnerová  Czechoslovakia 2:38.64
3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Cindy Tuttle  United States 2:41.66
4 Diane Johnson  United States 2:42.09
5 Brigitte Prass  Romania 2:44.49
6 Joanne Chevalier  Canada 2:45.94
7 Claire Lemaire  France 2:46.78
8 Ma Guadalupe  Mexico 2:48.58
Women's 100 m butterfly
Rank Name Nationality Time Notes
1st place, gold medalist(s) Jill Sterkel  United States 1:01.91 GR
2nd place, silver medalist(s) Carol Borgmann  United States 1:02.42
3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Carmen Bunaciu  Romania 1:02.98
4 Susie Woodhouse  Australia 1:03.17
5 Valerie Whyte  Canada 1:05.88
6 Lisa Burnes  Australia 1:05.94
7 Susan Jenner  United Kingdom 1:05.98
8 Hansie Geijssen  Netherlands 1:06.32
Women's 200 m butterfly
Rank Name Nationality Time Notes
1st place, gold medalist(s) Kim Karlisle  United States 2:15.71
2nd place, silver medalist(s) Susie Woodhouse  Australia 2:15.97
3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Mayumi Yokoyama  United States 2:17.52
4 Lisa Burnes  Australia 2:18.27
5 Malgorzata Rozycka  Poland 2:21.89
6 Susan Jenner  United Kingdom 2:22.56
7 Gizella Szlavitsek  Hungary 2:23.42
8 Valerie Whyte  Canada 2:25.76
Women's 200 m individual medley
Rank Name Nationality Time Notes
1st place, gold medalist(s) Kim Carlisle  United States 2:20.43 GR
2nd place, silver medalist(s) Olga Klevakina  Soviet Union 2:20.81
3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Barbara Selter  West Germany 2:24.17
4 Diane Johnson  United States 2:24.63
5 Irinel Pănulescu  Romania 2:25.51
6 Mariana Paraschiv  Romania 2:25.84
7 Lisa Dixon  Canada 2:26.55
8 Katy Archer  United Kingdom 2:27.48
Women's 400 m individual medley
Rank Name Nationality Time Notes
1st place, gold medalist(s) Mayumi Yokoyama  United States 4:55.45 GR
2nd place, silver medalist(s) Irinel Pănulescu  Romania 5:03.78
3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Malgorzata Rozycka  Poland 5:07.49
4 Mariana Paraschiv  Romania 5:12.58
Anne Tweedy  United States 4:57.68 DSQ
Lisa Dixon  Canada 5:05.74 DSQ
Barbara Selter  West Germany 5:06.56 DSQ
Daphne Demuth  Netherlands DNS
Women's 4×100 m freestyle relay
Rank Nation Athletes Time Notes
1st place, gold medalist(s)  United States Annie Lett
Carol Borgmann
Barbara Major
Jill Sterkel
3:55.05
2nd place, silver medalist(s)  Soviet Union Irina Laricheva
Olga Eliseeva
Irina Orliuk
Olga Klevakina
3:57.64
3rd place, bronze medalist(s)  Canada Kelly Neuber
Leslie Brafield
Sylvie Kennedy
Valerie Whyte
4:00.59
4  France 4:01.43
5  Romania 4:02.97
6  Poland 4:10.47
7  United Kingdom 4:13.91
Women's 4×100 m medley relay
Rank Nation Athletes Time Notes
1st place, gold medalist(s)  United States Kim Carlisle
Patricia Waters
Jill Sterkel
Barbara Major
4:18.84
2nd place, silver medalist(s)  Romania Carmen Bunaciu
Brigitte Prass
Mariana Paraschiv
Irinel Pănulescu
4:22.14
3rd place, bronze medalist(s)  Soviet Union Irina Orliuk
Lina Kačiušytė
Olga Klevakina
Irina Laricheva
4:25.96
4  France 4:33.06
5  Canada 4:33.25
6  Poland 4:37.94
7  United Kingdom 4:41.52

Medal table

[edit]
RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 United States (USA)167730
2 Soviet Union (URS)1010929
3 Romania (ROU)2215
4 Czechoslovakia (TCH)1113
 West Germany (FRG)1113
6 Brazil (BRA)0369
7 Canada (CAN)0224
8 Australia (AUS)0101
 China (CHN)0101
10 Poland (POL)0022
Totals (10 entries)30282987

References

[edit]
  1. ^ ISHOF list with all medalists in Universiade history Archived 2014-10-10 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ "1981 Summer Universiade results". Hutchinson News. July 25, 1981. Retrieved July 6, 2020.
  3. ^ "1981 Summer Universiade results 2". Hutchinson News. July 29, 1981. Retrieved July 6, 2020.
  4. ^ "1981 Summer Universiade results 3". Hutchinson News. July 30, 1981. Retrieved July 6, 2020.
  5. ^ "Alle turntitels voor Roemenië" (in Dutch). De Volkskrant. 24 July 1981. p. 8.
  6. ^ "Fessenko snel op wisselslag" (in Dutch). De Volkskrant. 28 July 1981. p. 8.
  7. ^ "Final results". United Press International. 22 July 1981.
  8. ^ "Final results 2". United Press International. 25 July 1981.
  9. ^ "Final results 3". United Press International. 26 July 1981.