Skraup reaction
| Skraup reaction | |
|---|---|
| Named after | Zdenko Hans Skraup |
| Reaction type | Ring forming reaction |
| Identifiers | |
| RSC ontology ID | RXNO:0000062 |
The Skraup synthesis is a chemical reaction used to synthesize quinolines. It is named after the Czech chemist Zdenko Hans Skraup (1850–1910). In the archetypal Skraup reaction, aniline is heated with sulfuric acid, glycerol, and an oxidizing agent such as nitrobenzene to yield quinoline.[1][2][3][4]
In this example, nitrobenzene serves as both the solvent and the oxidizing agent. The reaction, which otherwise has a reputation for being violent, is typically conducted in the presence of ferrous sulfate.[5] Arsenic acid may be used instead of nitrobenzene and the former is better since the reaction is less violent.[6]
Mechanism
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See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Skraup, Z. H. (1880). "Eine Synthese des Chinolins". Berichte. 13: 2086.
- ^ Manske, R. H. F. (1942). "The Chemistry of Quinolines". Chem. Rev. 30: 113–144. doi:10.1021/cr60095a006.
- ^ Manske, Richard H. F.; Kulka, Marshall (1953). "The Skraup Synthesis of Quinolines". Org. React. 7: 80–99. doi:10.1002/0471264180.or007.02. ISBN 0471264180.
- ^ Wahren, M. (1964). "Stabilisotop markierte verbindungen—II, Untersuchung der skraupschen chinolin-synthese mit hilfe von 15N". Tetrahedron. 20 (12): 2773. doi:10.1016/S0040-4020(01)98495-9.
- ^ Clarke, H. T.; Davis, A. W. (1941). "Quinoline". Organic Syntheses
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link); Collected Volumes, vol. 1, p. 478. - ^ Finar, Ivor Lionel (1973). Organic Chemistry, Volume 1 (6th ed.). Longman. p. 857. ISBN 978-0582442214.