Silatigi
Silatigi (variant spellings include Satigi, Silati and Solatigi) was a title used in the Mali Empire which survived in several societies in the region, notably the Denianke Kingdom of Futa Toro.
Etymology
[edit]In Mande, the term "silatigi" derives from "sili" meaning road, and "tigi" meaning master or leader. Thus the "silatigi" is the one who leads the community in following the right path, physical or spiritual.[1]
History and Use
[edit]Silatigi was one of several titles used for provincial governors of the Mali Empire. By the 16th century in what is now Sierra Leone, it had a become a title for royal councillors and judges who assured the interim rule between the death of a king and the election of his successor.[2] It also was used in Kaabu into the 19th century.[3]
The term was borrowed by the Fula of Futa Toro.[4] There, the Silatigi were originally religious leaders privy to the highest secrets of initiation and tasked with performing the rituals necessary to appease the spirits.[1] Beginning with Koli Tenguella, the rulers of the region took Silatigi as their royal title, as did clan leaders in the Sultanate of Massina.[5]
Andreas W. Massing has advance the claim that, the title of the Serer religious priestly class, the 'Saltigue' (the heirs of the ancient Serer lamanes[6][7]), derives from the Mande term 'Silatigi'.[2] In Serer, Saltigue and its many spelling variations including Saltigi (in Serer) derives from two Serer words: "sal" and "tigui". Sal means "meeting point of two ways, place where one branch branches into two other branches. And by analogy, beam on which the roof of the hut rests." Tigui means "resting the roof of the hut." Combined together, gives its name to "saltigue" (a metaphor).[8] The term also have Serer origins meaning "soothsayer".[9] In Serer society, the term is reserved for those who communicate with the invisible world.[9]
Notable Silatigis
[edit]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Kane, Oumar (2021). "La Formation du Royaume Jaalalo du Kingi par Tenghella". In Fall, Mamadou; Fall, Rokhaya; Mane, Mamadou (eds.). Bipolarisation du Senegal du XVIe - XVIIe siecle (in French). Dakar: HGS Editions. p. 44-5.
- ^ a b Andreas W. Massing. “The Mane, the Decline of Mali, and Mandinka Expansion Towards the South Windward Coast (Les Mane, Le Déclin Du Mali, et l’expansion Mandingue Vers La Côte Du Vent Méridionale).” Cahiers d’Études Africaines, vol. 25, no. 97, 1985, pp. 25. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/4391948. Accessed 4 Apr. 2025.
- ^ Roche Christian. Portraits de chefs casamançais du XIXe siècle. In: Revue française d'histoire d'outre-mer, tome 58, n°213, 4e trimestre 1971. pp. 451-467. DOI : 10.3406/outre.1971.1563, www.persee.fr/doc/outre_0300-9513_1971_num_58_213_1563
- ^ Fall, Mamadou (2021). "Les Terroirs Historiques et la Poussée Soninké". In Fall, Mamadou; Fall, Rokhaya; Mane, Mamadou (eds.). Bipolarisation du Senegal du XVIe - XVIIe siécle (in French). Dakar: HGS Editions. pp. 18, 22.
- ^ al-Sadi, Abd; Hunwick, John (2003). Timbuktu and the Songhay Empire: Al-Sa'Di's Ta'Rikh Al-Sudan Down to 1613 and Other Contemporary Documents. Brill Academic. p. 193. ISBN 978-9004128224.
- ^ Sarr, Alioune (1986). "Histoire du Sine-Saloum. (Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker)". Bulletin de l'IFAN (in French). 46 B (3–4). p. 31
- ^ Galvan, Dennis Charles, "The State Must Be Our Master of Fire: How Peasants Craft Culturally Sustainable Development in Senegal." Berkeley, University of California Press ( 2004). p 202, 191
- ^ Centre d'étude des civilisations, Cahiers du mythe, Issues 4-5, Nouvelles éditions africaines. (1978), p. 21
- ^ a b Ouvrier, Ashley, "Faire de la recherche médicale en Afrique: Ethnographie d'un village-laboratoire sénégalais." Médecines du monde (Contributors: Wenzel Geissler, Anne-Marie Moulin). KARTHALA Editions (2014), p. 200, ISBN 9782811111199