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Seniority in the United States House of Representatives

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This is a complete list of current members of the United States House of Representatives based on seniority. For the most part, representatives are ranked by the beginning of their terms in office. Representatives whose terms begin the same day are ranked alphabetically by last name.

Seniority calculation

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Seniority is calculated by:

  1. Number of total terms served (subtracting one term from the number of non-consecutive terms)
  2. Number of consecutive terms served
  3. Alphabetically by last name[1]

An additional clause applies for representatives that have a prior tenure of less than two terms. In this case, they will have preference over all other members who are freshmen by tenure.[citation needed]

An example of this ranking system is Rep. Pete Sessions, who had previously served eleven terms, from 1997 to 2019; after his defeat in the 2018 midterms, he was once again elected in 2020. Instead of holding seniority with others whose terms began January 3, 2021, he was credited with ten terms, and holds seniority above all representatives whose terms began on or after January 3, 2001.

Benefits of seniority

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Committee leadership in the House is often associated with seniority, especially in the Democratic Caucus. The Republican leadership, in comparison with the Democratic Party, prioritizes voting records and campaign fundraising over seniority for committee leadership.[2] Party leadership in the House is not strictly associated with seniority.

The more senior a representative is, the more likely the representative is to receive desirable committee assignments or leadership posts. Seniority also affects access to more desirable office space in the House Office Buildings:[3] after an office is vacated, members next in seniority can choose whether to move into it. Only after allocations for existing members are complete can incoming members be assigned offices via the congressional office lottery.[4]

Vacancies

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Current seniority list

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Rank Member Party District Seniority date Previous service[a]
Committee and leadership positions
1 Hal Rogers R Kentucky 5 January 3, 1981 Dean of the House
2 Chris Smith R New Jersey 4  
3 Steny Hoyer D Maryland 5 May 19, 1981
4 Marcy Kaptur D Ohio 9 January 3, 1983
5 Nancy Pelosi D California 11 June 2, 1987 Speaker Emerita of the House
6 Frank Pallone D New Jersey 6 November 8, 1988 Ranking Member: Energy and Commerce
7 Richard Neal D Massachusetts 1 January 3, 1989 Ranking Member: Ways and Means
8 Rosa DeLauro D Connecticut 3 January 3, 1991 Ranking Member: Appropriations
9 Maxine Waters D California 43 Ranking Member: Financial Services
10 Jerry Nadler D New York 12 November 3, 1992  
11 Sanford Bishop D Georgia 2 January 3, 1993
12 Ken Calvert R California 41
13 Jim Clyburn D South Carolina 6
14 Bobby Scott D Virginia 3 Ranking Member: Education and the Workforce
15 Nydia Velázquez D New York 7 Ranking Member: Small Business
16 Bennie Thompson D Mississippi 2 April 13, 1993 Ranking Member: Homeland Security
17 Frank Lucas R Oklahoma 3 May 10, 1994  
18 Lloyd Doggett D Texas 37 January 3, 1995
19 Zoe Lofgren D California 18 Ranking Member: Science, Space and Technology
20 Robert Aderholt R Alabama 4 January 3, 1997  
21 Danny Davis D Illinois 7
22 Diana DeGette D Colorado 1
23 Jim McGovern D Massachusetts 2 Ranking Member: Rules
24 Brad Sherman D California 32  
25 Adam Smith D Washington 9 Ranking Member: Armed Services
26 Gregory Meeks D New York 5 February 3, 1998 Ranking Member: Foreign Affairs
27 John B. Larson D Connecticut 1 January 3, 1999  
28 Jan Schakowsky D Illinois 9
29 Mike Simpson R Idaho 2
30 Mike Thompson D California 4
31 Pete Sessions R Texas 17 January 3, 2021 1997–2019
32 Sam Graves R Missouri 6 January 3, 2001 Chair: Transportation and Infrastructure
33 Rick Larsen D Washington 2 Ranking Member: Transportation and Infrastructure
34 Betty McCollum D Minnesota 4  
35 Stephen Lynch D Massachusetts 8 October 16, 2001
36 Joe Wilson R South Carolina 2 December 18, 2001
37 John Carter R Texas 31 January 3, 2003
38 Tom Cole R Oklahoma 4 Chair: Appropriations
39 Mario Díaz-Balart R Florida 26  
40 Mike Rogers R Alabama 3 Chair: Armed Services
41 Linda Sánchez D California 38  
42 David Scott D Georgia 13
43 Mike Turner R Ohio 10
44 Darrell Issa R California 48 January 3, 2021 2001–2019
45 Emanuel Cleaver D Missouri 5 January 3, 2005
46 Jim Costa D California 21
47 Henry Cuellar D Texas 28
48 Virginia Foxx R North Carolina 5 Chair: Rules
49 Al Green D Texas 9
50 Michael McCaul R Texas 10
51 Gwen Moore D Wisconsin 4
52 Debbie Wasserman Schultz D Florida 25
53 Doris Matsui D California 7 March 8, 2005
54 Gus Bilirakis R Florida 12 January 3, 2007
55 Vern Buchanan R Florida 16
56 Kathy Castor D Florida 14
57 Yvette Clarke D New York 9
58 Steve Cohen D Tennessee 9
59 Joe Courtney D Connecticut 2
60 Hank Johnson D Georgia 4
61 Jim Jordan R Ohio 4 Chair: Judiciary
62 Adrian Smith R Nebraska 3  
63 Bob Latta R Ohio 5 December 11, 2007
64 Rob Wittman R Virginia 1
65 André Carson D Indiana 7 March 11, 2008
66 Steve Scalise R Louisiana 1 May 3, 2008 Majority Leader
67 Brett Guthrie R Kentucky 2 January 3, 2009 Chair: Energy and Commerce
68 Jim Himes D Connecticut 4 Ranking Member: Intelligence
69 Tom McClintock R California 5  
70 Chellie Pingree D Maine 1
71 Glenn Thompson R Pennsylvania 15 Chair: Agriculture
72 Paul Tonko D New York 20  
73 Mike Quigley D Illinois 5 April 7, 2009
74 Judy Chu D California 28 July 14, 2009
75 John Garamendi D California 8 November 3, 2009
76 Tim Walberg R Michigan 5 January 3, 2011 2007–2009 Chair: Education and the Workforce
77 Bill Foster D Illinois 11 January 3, 2013 2008–2011  
78 Kweisi Mfume D Maryland 7 April 28, 2020 1987–1996
79 Rick Crawford R Arkansas 1 January 3, 2011 Chair: Intelligence
80 Scott DesJarlais R Tennessee 4  
81 Chuck Fleischmann R Tennessee 3
82 Paul Gosar R Arizona 9
83 Morgan Griffith R Virginia 9
84 Andy Harris R Maryland 1
85 Bill Huizenga R Michigan 4
86 Bill Keating D Massachusetts 9
87 Mike Kelly R Pennsylvania 16
88 David Schweikert R Arizona 1
89 Austin Scott R Georgia 8
90 Terri Sewell D Alabama 7
91 Daniel Webster R Florida 11
92 Frederica Wilson D Florida 24
93 Steve Womack R Arkansas 3
94 Mark Amodei R Nevada 2 September 13, 2011
95 Suzanne Bonamici D Oregon 1 January 31, 2012
96 Suzan DelBene D Washington 1 November 6, 2012
97 Thomas Massie R Kentucky 4
98 Dina Titus D Nevada 1 January 3, 2013 2009–2011
99 Andy Barr R Kentucky 6
100 Joyce Beatty D Ohio 3
101 Ami Bera D California 6
102 Julia Brownley D California 26
103 Joaquin Castro D Texas 20
104 Lois Frankel D Florida 22
105 Richard Hudson R North Carolina 9
106 Jared Huffman D California 2 Ranking Member: Natural Resources
107 Hakeem Jeffries D New York 8 Minority Leader
108 David Joyce R Ohio 14  
109 Doug LaMalfa R California 1
110 Grace Meng D New York 6
111 Scott Perry R Pennsylvania 10
112 Scott Peters D California 50
113 Mark Pocan D Wisconsin 2
114 Raul Ruiz D California 25
115 Eric Swalwell D California 14
116 Mark Takano D California 39 Ranking Member: Veterans' Affairs
117 Juan Vargas D California 52  
118 Marc Veasey D Texas 33
119 Ann Wagner R Missouri 2
120 Randy Weber R Texas 14
121 Roger Williams R Texas 25 Chair: Small Business
122 Robin Kelly D Illinois 2 April 9, 2013  
123 Jason Smith R Missouri 8 June 4, 2013 Chair: Ways and Means
124 Katherine Clark D Massachusetts 5 December 10, 2013 Minority Whip
125 Alma Adams D North Carolina 12 November 4, 2014  
126 Donald Norcross D New Jersey 1
127 Ed Case D Hawaii 1 January 3, 2019 2002–2007
128 Pete Aguilar D California 33 January 3, 2015 Democratic Caucus Chair
129 Rick Allen R Georgia 12  
130 Brian Babin R Texas 36 Chair: Science, Space and Technology
131 Don Beyer D Virginia 8  
132 Mike Bost R Illinois 12 Chair: Veterans' Affairs
133 Brendan Boyle D Pennsylvania 2 Ranking Member: Budget
134 Buddy Carter R Georgia 1  
135 Mark DeSaulnier D California 10
136 Debbie Dingell D Michigan 6
137 Tom Emmer R Minnesota 6 Majority Whip
138 Glenn Grothman R Wisconsin 6  
139 French Hill R Arkansas 2 Chair: Financial Services
140 Ted Lieu D California 36  
141 Barry Loudermilk R Georgia 11
142 John Moolenaar R Michigan 2
143 Seth Moulton D Massachusetts 6
144 Dan Newhouse R Washington 4
145 Gary Palmer R Alabama 6
146 David Rouzer R North Carolina 7
147 Elise Stefanik R New York 21
148 Norma Torres D California 35
149 Bonnie Watson Coleman D New Jersey 12
150 Bruce Westerman R Arkansas 4 Chair: Natural Resources
151 Trent Kelly R Mississippi 1 June 2, 2015  
152 Darin LaHood R Illinois 16 September 10, 2015
153 Warren Davidson R Ohio 8 June 7, 2016
154 James Comer R Kentucky 1 November 8, 2016 Chair: Oversight and Accountability
155 Dwight Evans D Pennsylvania 3  
156 Brad Schneider D Illinois 10 January 3, 2017 2013–2015
157 David Valadao R California 22 January 3, 2021 2013–2019
158 Jodey Arrington R Texas 19 January 3, 2017 Chair: Budget
159 Don Bacon R Nebraska 2  
160 Nanette Barragán D California 44
161 Jack Bergman R Michigan 1
162 Andy Biggs R Arizona 5
163 Salud Carbajal D California 24
164 Lou Correa D California 46
165 Neal Dunn R Florida 2
166 Adriano Espaillat D New York 13
167 Brian Fitzpatrick R Pennsylvania 1
168 Vicente Gonzalez D Texas 34
169 Josh Gottheimer D New Jersey 5
170 Clay Higgins R Louisiana 3
171 Pramila Jayapal D Washington 7
172 Mike Johnson R Louisiana 4 Speaker of the House
173 Ro Khanna D California 17  
174 Raja Krishnamoorthi D Illinois 8
175 David Kustoff R Tennessee 8
176 Brian Mast R Florida 21 Chair: Foreign Affairs
177 Jimmy Panetta D California 19  
178 Jamie Raskin D Maryland 8 Ranking Member: Judiciary
179 John Rutherford R Florida 5  
180 Lloyd Smucker R Pennsylvania 11
181 Darren Soto D Florida 9
182 Ron Estes R Kansas 4 April 11, 2017
183 Jimmy Gomez D California 34 June 6, 2017
184 Ralph Norman R South Carolina 5 June 20, 2017
185 Michael Cloud R Texas 27 June 30, 2018
186 Troy Balderson R Ohio 12 August 7, 2018
187 Kevin Hern R Oklahoma 1 November 6, 2018
188 Joseph Morelle D New York 25 Ranking Member: House Administration
189 Mary Gay Scanlon D Pennsylvania 5  
190 Steven Horsford D Nevada 4 January 3, 2019 2013–2015
191 Tom Suozzi D New York 3 February 13, 2024 2017–2023
192 Jim Baird R Indiana 4 January 3, 2019
193 Tim Burchett R Tennessee 2
194 Sean Casten D Illinois 6
195 Ben Cline R Virginia 6
196 Angie Craig D Minnesota 2 Ranking Member: Agriculture
197 Dan Crenshaw R Texas 2
198 Jason Crow D Colorado 6
199 Sharice Davids D Kansas 3
200 Madeleine Dean D Pennsylvania 4
201 Veronica Escobar D Texas 16
202 Lizzie Fletcher D Texas 7
203 Russ Fulcher R Idaho 1
204 Chuy García D Illinois 4
205 Sylvia Garcia D Texas 29
206 Jared Golden D Maine 2
207 Lance Gooden R Texas 5
208 Mark Green R Tennessee 7 Chair: Homeland Security
209 Michael Guest R Mississippi 3 Chair: Ethics
210 Josh Harder D California 9  
211 Jahana Hayes D Connecticut 5
212 Chrissy Houlahan D Pennsylvania 6
213 Dusty Johnson R South Dakota at-large
214 John Joyce R Pennsylvania 13
215 Susie Lee D Nevada 3
216 Mike Levin D California 49
217 Lucy McBath D Georgia 6
218 Dan Meuser R Pennsylvania 9
219 Carol Miller R West Virginia 1
220 Joe Neguse D Colorado 2 Assistant Democratic Leader
221 Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez D New York 14  
222 Ilhan Omar D Minnesota 5
223 Chris Pappas D New Hampshire 1
224 Ayanna Pressley D Massachusetts 7
225 Guy Reschenthaler R Pennsylvania 14
226 John Rose R Tennessee 6
227 Chip Roy R Texas 21
228 Kim Schrier D Washington 8
229 Mikie Sherrill D New Jersey 11
230 Greg Stanton D Arizona 4
231 Pete Stauber R Minnesota 8
232 Bryan Steil R Wisconsin 1 Chair: House Administration
233 Greg Steube R Florida 17  
234 Haley Stevens D Michigan 11
235 William Timmons R South Carolina 4
236 Rashida Tlaib D Michigan 12
237 Lori Trahan D Massachusetts 3
238 Lauren Underwood D Illinois 14
239 Jeff Van Drew R[b] New Jersey 2
240 Greg Murphy R North Carolina 3 September 10, 2019
241 Tom Tiffany R Wisconsin 7 May 12, 2020
242 Claudia Tenney R New York 24 February 11, 2021 2017–2019
243 Ryan Zinke R Montana 1 January 3, 2023 2015–2017
244 Marlin Stutzman R Indiana 3 January 3, 2025 2010–2017
245 Jake Auchincloss D Massachusetts 4 January 3, 2021
246 Cliff Bentz R Oregon 2
247 Stephanie Bice R Oklahoma 5
248 Lauren Boebert R Colorado 4
249 Kat Cammack R Florida 3
250 Andrew Clyde R Georgia 9
251 Byron Donalds R Florida 19
252 Pat Fallon R Texas 4
253 Randy Feenstra R Iowa 4
254 Michelle Fischbach R Minnesota 7
255 Scott Fitzgerald R Wisconsin 5
256 Scott Franklin R Florida 18
257 Andrew Garbarino R New York 2
258 Carlos A. Giménez R Florida 28
259 Tony Gonzales R Texas 23
260 Marjorie Taylor Greene R Georgia 14
261 Diana Harshbarger R Tennessee 1
262 Ashley Hinson R Iowa 2
263 Ronny Jackson R Texas 13
264 Sara Jacobs D California 51
265 Young Kim R California 40
266 Teresa Leger Fernandez D New Mexico 3
267 Nancy Mace R South Carolina 1
268 Nicole Malliotakis R New York 11
269 Tracey Mann R Kansas 1
270 Lisa McClain R Michigan 9 Republican Conference Chairwoman
271 Mary Miller R Illinois 15  
272 Mariannette Miller-Meeks R Iowa 1
273 Barry Moore R Alabama 1
274 Blake Moore R Utah 1
275 Frank J. Mrvan D Indiana 1
276 Troy Nehls R Texas 22
277 Jay Obernolte R California 23
278 Burgess Owens R Utah 4
279 August Pfluger R Texas 11
280 Deborah Ross D North Carolina 2
281 María Elvira Salazar R Florida 27
282 Victoria Spartz R Indiana 5
283 Marilyn Strickland D Washington 10
284 Ritchie Torres D New York 15
285 Beth Van Duyne R Texas 24
286 Nikema Williams D Georgia 5
287 Julia Letlow R Louisiana 5 March 20, 2021
288 Troy Carter D Louisiana 2 April 24, 2021
289 Melanie Stansbury D New Mexico 1 June 1, 2021
290 Jake Ellzey R Texas 6 July 27, 2021
291 Shontel Brown D Ohio 11 November 2, 2021
292 Mike Carey R Ohio 15
293 Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick D Florida 20 January 11, 2022
294 Mike Flood R Nebraska 1 June 28, 2022
295 Brad Finstad R Minnesota 1 August 9, 2022
296 Pat Ryan D New York 18 August 23, 2022
297 Rudy Yakym R Indiana 2 November 8, 2022
298 Cleo Fields D Louisiana 6 January 3, 2025 1993–1997
299 Mark Alford R Missouri 4 January 3, 2023
300 Becca Balint D Vermont at-large
301 Aaron Bean R Florida 4
302 Josh Brecheen R Oklahoma 2
303 Nikki Budzinski D Illinois 13
304 Eric Burlison R Missouri 7
305 Greg Casar D Texas 35
306 Juan Ciscomani R Arizona 6
307 Mike Collins R Georgia 10
308 Eli Crane R Arizona 2
309 Jasmine Crockett D Texas 30
310 Don Davis D North Carolina 1
311 Monica De La Cruz R Texas 15
312 Chris Deluzio D Pennsylvania 17
313 Chuck Edwards R North Carolina 11
314 Mike Ezell R Mississippi 4
315 Valerie Foushee D North Carolina 4
316 Maxwell Frost D Florida 10
317 Russell Fry R South Carolina 7
318 Robert Garcia D California 42
319 Marie Gluesenkamp Perez D Washington 3
320 Dan Goldman D New York 10
321 Harriet Hageman R Wyoming at-large
322 Erin Houchin R Indiana 9
323 Val Hoyle D Oregon 4
324 Wesley Hunt R Texas 38
325 Glenn Ivey D Maryland 4
326 Jonathan Jackson D Illinois 1
327 John James R Michigan 10
328 Sydney Kamlager-Dove D California 37
329 Thomas Kean Jr. R New Jersey 7
330 Jen Kiggans R Virginia 2
331 Kevin Kiley R California 3
332 Nick LaLota R New York 1
333 Greg Landsman D Ohio 1
334 Nick Langworthy R New York 23
335 Mike Lawler R New York 17
336 Laurel Lee R Florida 15
337 Summer Lee D Pennsylvania 12
338 Anna Paulina Luna R Florida 13
339 Morgan Luttrell R Texas 8
340 Seth Magaziner D Rhode Island 2
341 Rich McCormick R Georgia 7
342 Morgan McGarvey D Kentucky 3
343 Rob Menendez D New Jersey 8
344 Max Miller R Ohio 7
345 Cory Mills R Florida 7
346 Nathaniel Moran R Texas 1
347 Jared Moskowitz D Florida 23
348 Kevin Mullin D California 15
349 Zach Nunn R Iowa 3
350 Andy Ogles R Tennessee 5
351 Brittany Pettersen D Colorado 7
352 Delia Ramirez D Illinois 3
353 Andrea Salinas D Oregon 6
354 Hillary Scholten D Michigan 3
355 Keith Self R Texas 3
356 Eric Sorensen D Illinois 17
357 Dale Strong R Alabama 5
358 Emilia Sykes D Ohio 13
359 Shri Thanedar D Michigan 13
360 Jill Tokuda D Hawaii 2
361 Derrick Van Orden R Wisconsin 3
362 Gabe Vasquez D New Mexico 2
363 Jennifer McClellan D Virginia 4 February 21, 2023
364 Gabe Amo D Rhode Island 1 November 7, 2023
365 Celeste Maloy R Utah 2 November 21, 2023
366 Tim Kennedy D New York 26 April 30, 2024
367 Vince Fong R California 20 May 21, 2024
368 Michael Rulli R Ohio 6 June 11, 2024
369 LaMonica McIver D New Jersey 10 September 18, 2024
370 Tony Wied R Wisconsin 8 November 5, 2024
371 Gil Cisneros D California 31 January 3, 2025 2019–2021
372 Yassamin Ansari D Arizona 3
373 Tom Barrett R Michigan 7
374 Michael Baumgartner R Washington 5
375 Nick Begich III R Alaska at-large
376 Wesley Bell D Missouri 1
377 Sheri Biggs R South Carolina 3
378 Rob Bresnahan R Pennsylvania 8
379 Janelle Bynum D Oregon 5
380 Herb Conaway D New Jersey 3
381 Jeff Crank R Colorado 5
382 Maxine Dexter D Oregon 3
383 Troy Downing R Montana 2
384 Sarah Elfreth D Maryland 3
385 Gabe Evans R Colorado 8
386 Julie Fedorchak R North Dakota at-large
387 Shomari Figures D Alabama 2
388 Laura Friedman D California 30
389 Brandon Gill R Texas 26
390 Laura Gillen D New York 4
391 Craig Goldman R Texas 12
392 Maggie Goodlander D New Hampshire 2
393 Adam Gray D California 13
394 Abraham Hamadeh R Arizona 8
395 Mike Haridopolos R Florida 8
396 Pat Harrigan R North Carolina 10
397 Mark Harris R North Carolina 8
398 Jeff Hurd R Colorado 3
399 Brian Jack R Georgia 3
400 Julie Johnson D Texas 32
401 Mike Kennedy R Utah 3
402 Brad Knott R North Carolina 13
403 George Latimer D New York 16
404 Sam Liccardo D California 16
405 Ryan Mackenzie R Pennsylvania 7
406 John Mannion D New York 22
407 Sarah McBride D Delaware at-large
408 April McClain Delaney D Maryland 6
409 Kristen McDonald Rivet D Michigan 8
410 Addison McDowell R North Carolina 6
411 John McGuire R Virginia 5
412 Mark Messmer R Indiana 8
413 Dave Min D California 47
414 Riley Moore R West Virginia 2
415 Tim Moore R North Carolina 14
416 Kelly Morrison D Minnesota 3
417 Johnny Olszewski D Maryland 2
418 Bob Onder R Missouri 3
419 Nellie Pou D New Jersey 9
420 Emily Randall D Washington 6
421 Josh Riley D New York 19
422 Luz Rivas D California 29
423 Derek Schmidt R Kansas 2
424 Jefferson Shreve R Indiana 6
425 Lateefah Simon D California 12
426 Suhas Subramanyam D Virginia 10
427 David Taylor R Ohio 2
428 Derek Tran D California 45
429 Eugene Vindman D Virginia 7
430 George T. Whitesides D California 27
431 Randy Fine R Florida 6 April 1, 2025
432 Jimmy Patronis R Florida 1

Delegates

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Delegates are non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives.

Rank Delegate Party District Seniority date
(previous service, if any)
1 Eleanor Holmes Norton D District of Columbia at-large January 3, 1991
2 Stacey Plaskett D United States Virgin Islands at-large January 3, 2015
3 Amata Coleman Radewagen R American Samoa at-large
4 James Moylan R Guam at-large January 3, 2023
5 Pablo Hernández Rivera PPD/D Puerto Rico at-large January 3, 2025
6 Kimberlyn King-Hinds R Northern Mariana Islands at-large

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Members elected with substantial prior service receive credit for part of that service when calculating seniority.
  2. ^ A party change does not affect seniority.

References

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  1. ^ "Terms of Service for Members of the House of Representatives". Historian of the United States House of Representatives. Retrieved November 28, 2020.
  2. ^ "House Seniority and Committee Leadership". U.S. News & World Report. December 8, 2006.
  3. ^ Goodwin, George (1959). "The Seniority System in Congress". The American Political Science Review. pp. 412–436. doi:10.2307/1952154. JSTOR 1952154. Retrieved August 15, 2022.
  4. ^ Langhorne, Thomas B. (October 16, 2018). "Scramble for office space in Congress is about status". Evansville Courier & Press. Retrieved November 3, 2023.
  5. ^ Church, Abby; Warren, Peter (March 5, 2025). "Longtime Houston mayor Sylvester Turner dies at 70, months after winning U.S. House seat". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved March 5, 2025.
  6. ^ "Rep. Raul Grijalva dies at 77". KOLD-TV. March 13, 2025. Retrieved March 13, 2025.
  7. ^ Chadwick, Lauren (May 21, 2025). "Rep. Gerry Connolly, 75, has died, family statement says". CNN. Retrieved May 21, 2025.
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