Seated Woman of Çatalhöyük

Seated Woman of Catalhoyuk
Seated Woman of Catalhoyuk
	Seated Woman of Çatal Höyük: the head is a restoration
Material	Clay
Height	12 cm
Created	c. 6000 BC
Discovered	1961; Konya, Turkey
Discovered by	James Mellaart
Present location	Museum of Anatolian Civilizations, Ankara, Turkey

The Seated Woman of Çatalhöyük (also Çatal Höyük) is a baked-clay nude female form seated between feline-headed arm-rests. The figurine is 17 centimeters (6.7 inches) long, 11 centimeters (4.3 inches) wide, 12 centimeters (4.7 inches) high, and weighs 1 kilogram (2.2 pounds). It is generally thought^[2] to depict a corpulent and fertile Mother goddess^[3] in the process of giving birth while seated on her throne, which has two hand rests in the form of feline (lioness, leopard, or panther) heads in a Mistress of Animals motif. The statuette, one of several iconographically similar ones found at the site, is similar to other corpulent prehistoric goddess figures,^[4] of which the most famous is the Venus of Willendorf.

It is a Neolithic sculpture shaped by an unknown artist, and was completed around 6000 BC. It was unearthed by archaeologist James Mellaart in 1961 at Çatalhöyük, Turkey. When it was found, its head and hand rest of the right side were missing. The current head and the hand rest are modern replacements. The sculpture is at the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations in Ankara, Turkey. Mellaart claimed that the figure represented a fertility goddess worshipped by the people of Çatalhöyük.

Notes

^ As noted in Hugh Honour and John Fleming, A World History of Art, 2005: illustration, fig. 1.16;
^ A typical assessment: "A terracotta statuette of a seated (mother) goddess giving birth with each hand on the head of a leopard, or panther from Çatalhöyük (dated around 6000 B.C.E.)" (Sarolta A. Takács, "Cybele and Catullus' Attis", in Eugene N. Lane, Cybele, Attis and related cults: essays in memory of M.J. Vermaseren 1996:376.
^ So rendered in popularized accounts, such as The Oxford Companion to World Mythology, 2005: s.v. "Hittite-Hurrian mythology": "...the goddess of Çatalhöyük, her Anatolian descendants were the great Phrygian goddess Cybele, the mother of the sacrificed Attis, and the many-breasted Artemis of Ephesus."
^ Noted in Honour and Fleming 2005 "Ch.1: Before History"

References

Mellaart, James : Çatal Hüyük, A Neolithic Town in Anatolia, London, 1967
Guide book of "The Anatolian Civilizations Museum"
Lecture of Dr. R. Tringham, The Neolithic World of Çatalhöyük, at the University of Leuven

External links

When the Goddesses Ruled - Çatal Hüyük Archived 2009-10-01 at the Wayback Machine
The Goddess Uncovered

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[1] As noted in Hugh Honour and John Fleming, A World History of Art, 2005: illustration, fig. 1.16;

[2] A typical assessment: "A terracotta statuette of a seated (mother) goddess giving birth with each hand on the head of a leopard, or panther from Çatalhöyük (dated around 6000 B.C.E.)" (Sarolta A. Takács, "Cybele and Catullus' Attis", in Eugene N. Lane, Cybele, Attis and related cults: essays in memory of M.J. Vermaseren 1996:376.

[3] So rendered in popularized accounts, such as The Oxford Companion to World Mythology, 2005: s.v. "Hittite-Hurrian mythology": "...the goddess of Çatalhöyük, her Anatolian descendants were the great Phrygian goddess Cybele, the mother of the sacrificed Attis, and the many-breasted Artemis of Ephesus."

[4] Noted in Honour and Fleming 2005 "Ch.1: Before History"

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