Schinzel–Giedion syndrome
| Schinzel–Giedion syndrome | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Schinzel–Giedion midface retraction syndrome[1] |
| Specialty | Neurology |
Schinzel–Giedion syndrome (SGS) is a congenital neurodegenerative terminal syndrome. It was first described in 1978 by Albert Schinzel (1944–) and Andreas Giedion (1925–)[2][3] as a syndrome with severe midface retraction, skull anomalies, renal anomalies (hydronephrosis) and other anomalies. Children with Schinzel–Giedion syndrome have characteristic facial features, neurological problems, severe developmental delay, often bone and organ abnormalities.[4]
Diagnosis
[edit]![[icon]](/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2021) |
Genetic testing for mutations in SETBP1 gene can confirm a diagnosis.[5]
Symptoms
[edit] | This section needs expansion with: There is a lot more to say on symptoms.. You can help by adding to it. (November 2021) |
Patients with this can have hydronephrosis, seizures, visual impairments, or alacrima.[6]
Sleep apnea may also be present,
Prognosis
[edit]Most children with condition die before 2 years of age.[7]: 306 With it being estimated that 50% will die before 2 years of age. Death during infancy is due to pneumonia, cardiac arrest, tumors, lung hypoplasia, or seizures.[8]
The longest documented survivor is 15 years old.[8] Children with this condition who survive past infancy have a higher risk of developing tumors.[9]
Causes
[edit]According to National Organization for Rare Disorders, the disorder is not inherited from the parents.[5] It is caused by a new spontaneous mutation of the SETBP1 gene. The SETBP1 gene is a cancer promoting gene, and affected children who survive past three years of age are at risk for different types of cancer.
Epidemiology
[edit]The exact prevalence of Schinzel-Giedion syndrome is unknown. But, about 50 to 80 cases have been reported in literature.[9][7]: 306 Although the occurrence of this disorder is thought to be higher.[10]
According to Orphanet, the condition occurs in 1 in 1 million people.[11]
The condition affects both males and females equally.[5]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "OMIM Entry - # 269150 - SCHINZEL-GIEDION MIDFACE RETRACTION SYNDROME". omim.org. Retrieved 2019-12-24.
- ^ synd/1866 at Whonamedit?
- ^ Schinzel A, Giedion A (1978). "A syndrome of severe midface retraction, multiple skull anomalies, clubfeet, and cardiac and renal malformations in sibs". Am. J. Med. Genet. 1 (4): 361–75. doi:10.1002/ajmg.1320010402. PMID 665725.
- ^ "Schinzel-Giedion syndrome". MedlinePlus. Retrieved May 22, 2025.
- ^ a b c "Schinzel Giedion Syndrome". NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders). Retrieved 2021-11-05.
- ^ "Schinzel Giedion syndrome | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program". rarediseases.info.nih.gov. Retrieved 2021-11-05.
- ^ a b Jones, Kenneth Lyons; Jones, Marilyn Crandall; Campo, Miguel del (2021-03-02). Smith's Recognizable Patterns of Human Malformation - E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-0-323-63883-8.
- ^ a b Liu, Dongyou (2020-05-08). Handbook of Tumor Syndromes. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-351-18741-1.
- ^ a b "Schinzel-Giedion syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics". medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 2021-11-05.
- ^ Name (2021-02-10). "Research grant of over 2 Million Euros offers new hope for children with rare condition Schinzel-Giedion Syndrome". ACNR | Paper & Online Neurology Journal. Retrieved 2021-11-05.
- ^ RESERVED, INSERM US14-- ALL RIGHTS. "Orphanet: Schinzel Giedion syndrome". www.orpha.net. Retrieved 2021-11-05.
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