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Satyarth Prakash

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Aum (or Om) is considered by the Arya Samaj to be the highest and most proper name of God.
Satyarth Prakash (The Light of Truth)
AuthorSwami Dayanand Saraswati
LanguageHindi
PublisherStar Press Benares[1]
Publication date
1875
Publication placeIndia

Satyarth Prakash (Hindi: सत्यार्थ प्रकाश; Satyārth Prakāś; lit. 'The Light of Truth') is an 1875 book written originally in Hindi by Dayanand Saraswati, a religious and social reformer and the founder of Arya Samaj. The book was subsequently revised by Saraswati in 1882 and has been translated into more than 20 languages including Sanskrit and foreign languages, including English, French, German, Swahili, Arabic and Chinese. The major portion of the book is dedicated to laying down the reformist advocacy of Swami Dayanand with the last four chapters making a case for comparative study of different religious faiths.

Some of the topics in the Satyarth Prakash include worship of one god, explanation of the main principles of the Vedas, the relationship between religion and science and between devotion and intellect, elimination of the caste system and critical analysis of different religious beliefs and other religions in the World in the light of the Vedas, for the strengthening of society, eradication of superstitions, false notions and meaningless customs, shunning narrow-mindedness and promoting the brotherhood of man.[2]

Contents

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The book contains fourteen chapters.[3]

Chapter Content
1 The first chapter is an exposition of “Om” and other names of God.
2 The second chapter provides guidance on the upbringing of children.
3 Chapter 3 explains the life of Brahmacarya (bachelor), the duties and qualifications of scholars and teachers, good and bad books and the scheme of studies.
4 Chapter 4 is about marriage and married life.
5 Chapter 5 is about giving up materialism and starting to carry out community service.
6 Chapter 6 is about Science of Government.
7 Chapter 7 is about Veda and God.
8 Chapter 8 deals with Creation, Sustenance and Dissolution of the Universe.
9 Chapter 9 deals with knowledge and ignorance, and emancipation and bondage.
10 Chapter 10 deals with desirable and undesirable conduct and permissible and forbidden diet.
11 Chapter 11 contains criticism of the various religions and sects prevailing in India.
12 Chapter 12 deals with the Charvaka, Buddha and Jainism (Agamas).
13 Chapter 13 deals with Christianity.
14 Chapter 14 deals with Islam.

Editions

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The book was originally written in Hindi by Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati in 1875 CE. After detecting omissions, language and printing mistakes in the first edition, after making corrections at Israr Mahal inside Ramapur at Kashi, he published a second revised edition in Samvat 1939 (1882-83 CE).[4] The book has been translated into twenty-four different languages. Navlakha Mahal is presently the office of Shrimadd Dayanand Satyarth Prakash Nyas, which after detecting in 2004 that the book has been printed by many unauthorised entities in different versions, appointed an authentication committee of Vedic scholars, and started to publish authenticated version of the book.[citation needed]

S.No. Language Author / Translator Publication Year
1 Hindi[5] Dayanand Saraswati (author) 1875 (1st edition, in Kashi), 1882 (2nd edition)
2 English[6] (4 translations by different scholars)

1. Dr. Chiranjiva Bharadwaja, 2. Master Durga Prasad, 3. Pt. Gangaprasad Upadhyay, 4. Vandemataram Ramchandra Rao

1. 1906, 2. 1908, 3. 1946, 4. 1988

3 Sanskrit[7] Pandit Shankardev Paathak 1924 (1st edition)
4 Urdu

1. Aatmaram Amritsari, Bhakt Raimal & Naunihaal, 2. Jivandas Pensioner, 3. Pandit Chamupati, 4. Mehta Radhakrishna

1. 1898, 2. 1899, 3. 1939, 4. 1905

5 Sindhi Jeevanlal Arya 1912
6 Punjabi Aatmaram Amritsari 1899
7 Bengali[8] 1. Motilaal Bhattacharya, 2. Shankarnaath, 3. Gaurmohandev Verman 1. 1901, 2. 1911, 3. ???
8 Marathi 1. Shridaas Vidyarthi, 2. Shripaad Damodar Saatavlekar, 3. Snaatak Satyavrat, 4. Shripaad Joshi 1. 1907, 2. 1926, 3. 1932, 4. 1990
9 Telugu 1. A. Somnaathan Rao "Updeshak", 2. Pt. Gopadev Sastry 1. 1933, 2. ???
10 Tamil 1. M.R Jambunaathan, 2. Kannaiyaa, 3. Shuddhanand Bhaarti 1. 1926, 2. 1935, 3. 1974
11 Malayalam[9] 1. Brahamchaari Lakshman (Originally by Pt. Vedabandhu Sharma), 2. Acharya Narendra Bhooshan 1. 1933, 2. 1978
12 Gujarati 1. Manchaa Shankar, Jaishankar Dvivedi, 2. Mayashankar Sharma, 3.Dilip Vedalankar 1. 1905, 2. 1926, 3. 1994
13 Kannada[10] 1. Bhaaskar Pant, 2. Satyapaal Snaatak, 3. Sudhakar Chaturvedi 1. 1932, 2. 1955, 3. 1974
14 Nepali[11] Dilusingh Raaee 1879
15 German[12] 1. Dr. Daulatram Devgram, Borikhel (Miyanwaali), 2. Arya Divakar 1. 1930, 2. 1983
16 Swahili[13] ??? ???
17 Odia 1. Shrivatsa Panda, 2. Lakshminarayan Shastri 1. 1927, 2. 1973
18 Assamese Parmeshwar Koti 1975
19 Arabic Kaalicharan Sharma ???
20 Burmese Kittima ???
21 Chinese Dr. Chau 1958
22 Thai ??? ???
23 French[14] Lui Morin 1940
24 Kumaoni and Garhwali Veerbhadra Sati ???

Reception and criticism

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S. Rangaswami Iyengar praised the book, saying that "It contains the wholly rationalistic view of the Vedic religion."[15]

Satyartha Prakash was banned in some Indian princely states and in the Sind Province of British India (now Sindh, Pakistan) in 1944; and it remains banned in Sindh.[16] This ban was condemned by Mahatma Gandhi.[17]

In 2008 two Indian Muslims, Usman Ghani and Mohammad Khalil Khan of Sadar Bazar, Delhi, following the fatwa of Mufti Mukarram Ahmed, the Imam of Fatehpuri Masjid in Delhi, urged the Delhi High Court to ban Satyarth Prakash.[18] However, the court dismissed the petition and commented "A suit by Hindus against the Quran or by Muslims against Gita or Satyarth Prakash claiming relief...are in fact, meant to play mischief in the society."[19]

References

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Citations

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Satyarth Prakash.
  1. ^ क्रान्त (2006). स्वाधीनता संग्राम के क्रान्तिकारी साहित्य का इतिहास (in Hindi). Vol. 2 (1 ed.). New Delhi: Praveen Publications. p. 348-349. ISBN 81-7783-119-4. OCLC 271682218. Archived from the original on 14 October 2013.
  2. ^ "Hindu Scriptures". Archived from the original on 2007-10-15. Retrieved 2007-10-05.
  3. ^ "Satyarth Prakash". Retrieved 2007-10-05.
  4. ^ "Udaipur Garden Palace now a shrine to Arya Samaj founder". Times of India. 7 November 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
  5. ^ "Satyarth Prakash 2nd Edition". Archived from the original on 2022-10-23. Retrieved 2022-10-22.
  6. ^ "The Light of Truth". Archived from the original on 2021-09-27. Retrieved 2022-10-22.
  7. ^ "Satyarth Prakash Sanskrit Translation". Archived from the original on 2023-02-08. Retrieved 2022-10-22.
  8. ^ "Satyarth Prakash Bengali Translation". Archived from the original on 2022-10-23. Retrieved 2022-10-22.
  9. ^ "Satyarth Prakash Malayalam Translation". Archived from the original on 2022-10-22. Retrieved 2022-10-22.
  10. ^ "Satyarth Prakash Kannada Translation". Archived from the original on 2022-08-17. Retrieved 2022-10-22.
  11. ^ "Satyarth Prakash Nepali Translation". Archived from the original on 2021-09-27. Retrieved 2022-10-22.
  12. ^ "Satyarth Prakash German Translation". Archived from the original on 2022-08-17. Retrieved 2022-10-22.
  13. ^ "Satyarth Prakash Kiswahili Translation". Archived from the original on 2022-10-23. Retrieved 2022-10-22.
  14. ^ "Satyarth Prakash French Translation". Archived from the original on 2023-02-08. Retrieved 2022-10-22.
  15. ^ "World Perspectives on Swami Dayananda Saraswati", by Ganga Ram Garg, p. 188.
  16. ^ The Book on Trial: Fundamentalism and Censorship in India, Girja Kumar.
  17. ^ Kumar, Nishant (2023). Religious Offence and Censorship of Publications: An Enquiry through the Prism of Indian Laws and the Judiciary. Taylor & Francis. p. 56. ISBN 978-1-000-84018-6.
  18. ^ "Arya Samaj plans march to defend book by founder". The Hindu. 2008-05-09. Archived from the original on 2008-05-14.
  19. ^ "Plea seeking ban on Dayanand book is 'mischief'". Archived from the original on July 7, 2011.
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