Placyd Jankowski
Placyd Jankowski | |
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| Born | Eustachy-Placyd Jankowski[1] 20 September 1810 |
| Died | 3 November 1872 (aged 62) |
Placyd Jankowski (20 September 1810 – 3 November 1872), also known under his pen name John of Dycalp, was a Polish Orthodox priest and writer.
Biography
[edit]Jankowski was born in Voyskaya to Gabriel Jankowski, a Uniate canon and archpriest, and Anna Łytkowska;[2] he was part of the Polish Jankowski szlachta family. Until the age of 14, he was educated at a gymnasium in Svislach and a Basilian school in Brest, graduating from the latter in 1824.[3] He was admitted to the seminary at Vilnius University on 28 April 1826,[4] graduating in 1830 with a magister's degree in theology.[5]
After his graduation, he was appointed professor at a Uniate seminary in Zhyrovichy,[5] where he taught scripture, the Latin language and dogmatic theology. His work as a professor was interrupted in 1831 by a cholera epidemic and the November Uprising;[6] he worked as a home tutor in modern-day Belarus until he returned to his academic work in 1832. He sat and passed a doctoral exam at the Roman Catholic Theological Academy in Vilnius in 1831, though his doctoral title was never recognized by Russian authorities.[2][7]
In 1833, Jankowski was ordained a Uniate priest and married Helena Tupalska.[8] On 16 July 1837, he was made a protopriest.[9] In October 1837, he stated his intention to convert to the Orthodox Church,[2] for which he was considered a traitor in certain circles.[10] After his conversion, he was made an archpriest and was given a golden pectoral cross on 14 May 1838.[11] The following year, in 1839, Jankowski signed the act that liquidated the Uniate Church;[2] he was stated in a letter written by Józef Orda to have later regretted his involvement in the Church's dissolution.[12] He was appointed vice-president of the Lithuanian consistory on 15 July 1840. Later, on 10 February 1842, he was awarded the Order of Saint Anna, second and third degrees.[11][13]
Jankowski was appointed rector of the Orthodox Church of St. Nicholas in Vilnius after he moved to the city in 1845.[2] In 1858, Jankowski retired and moved to Zhyrovichy.[14] After the death of his son and wife in 1867, Jankowski began living a secluded life; he barely interacted with society except for Easter and Christmas — when local authorities and citizens made a "pilgrimage" to offer him wishes — and rarely attended church. He died on 11 March 1872 in Zhyrovichy.[15]
Writing career
[edit]Jankowski published his first book, Chaos, in 1835 under the pen name Witalis Komu-Jedzie. Six years later, in 1841, he published Pisma przed‑ślubne i przed‑splinowe under the pen name John of Dycalp,[16] which was inspired from his surname and his first name written backwards.[17] After Ignacy Hołowiński had quit his project of translating William Shakespeare's works into Polish, he entrusted it to Jankowski,[18] who would eventually publish four translations of Shakespeare: those of The Merry Wives of Windsor in 1842, Twelfth Night in 1845, and Henry IV, Part 1 & Henry IV, Part 2 in 1847. Of these, the latter two were published as the third volume of Hołowiński's translation work.[17]
In total, Jankowski published 26 works in the 1840s and 1850s;[19] he also wrote articles in local newspapers, including the Kurier Litewski and Vilensky Vitesnik.[7] After his retirement in 1858, Jankowski stopped publishing books. He briefly returned to journalism in the wake of the January Uprising, writing for the Tygodnik Peterburski.[14]
References
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^ Charkiewicz 1928, p. 5.
- ^ a b c d e Konarska, Barbara. "Placyd Jankowski". ipsb.nina.gov.pl (in Polish). Polish Biographical Dictionary. Retrieved 25 February 2025.
- ^ Charkiewicz 1928, p. 10.
- ^ Charkiewicz 1928, p. 184.
- ^ a b Charkiewicz 1928, p. 16.
- ^ Charkiewicz 1928, p. 17.
- ^ a b . Russian Biographical Dictionary (in Russian) – via Wikisource.
- ^ Charkiewicz 1928, p. 18.
- ^ Charkiewicz 1928, p. 28.
- ^ Chłopek 2021, p. 34.
- ^ a b Charkiewicz 1928, p. 26.
- ^ Charkiewicz 1928, p. 187.
- ^ Korbut, Gabriel (1921). Literatura polska od poczatków do powstania styczniowego (in Polish). p. 605. Retrieved 9 March 2025.
- ^ a b Chłopek 2021, p. 35.
- ^ Charkiewicz 1928, p. 34.
- ^ Chłopek 2021, p. 37.
- ^ a b Kosim 2018, p. 143.
- ^ Charkiewicz 1928, p. 44.
- ^ Chłopek 2021, p. 38.
Bibliography
[edit]- Charkiewicz, Walerjan (1928). Placyd Jankoski (John of Dycalp): życie i twórczość (PDF) (in Polish). Vilnius.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Chłopek, Patryk (2021). "The forgotten meme: on the example of life and works of Placyd Jankowski" (PDF). Studia Slavica. XXV (1): 29–41. doi:10.15452/StudiaSlavica.2021.25.0003.
- Kosim, Alicja (31 October 2018). "Multilingual Shakespeare in the Polish Translation of The Merry Wives of Windsor by John of Dycalp (Placyd Jankowski)". Studia Litteraria Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis. 13 (3): 142–143. doi:10.4467/20843933ST.18.014.8957. Retrieved 9 February 2025.