Phenuiviridae
| Phenuiviridae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Rift Valley fever virus replication cycle | |
Virus classification 
| |
| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Riboviria |
| Kingdom: | Orthornavirae |
| Phylum: | Negarnaviricota |
| Class: | Bunyaviricetes |
| Order: | Hareavirales |
| Family: | Phenuiviridae |
Phenuiviridae is a family of negative-strand RNA viruses in the order Hareavirales.[1] Ruminants, camels, humans, and mosquitoes serve as natural hosts.
Virology
[edit]Structure
[edit]
Members of Phenuiviridae are enveloped viruses with helical capsid morphology. Envelope glycoproteins of these viruses are distributed with icosahedral symmetry (T=12).[2]
Genome
[edit]Phenuiviridae is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus family.[3] Its genome is segmented into three pieces: L segment (encoding RNA-dependent RNA polymerase), M segment, and S segment.[1]
Some members of the family have ambisense gene encoding on the S segment (nucleocapsid proteins). The M segment includes envelope glycoproteins encoded in a polyprotein that is cleaved by host proteases.[4] Multiple different proteins can be encoded on the M segment due to leaky scanning by the ribosome.[2]
Life cycle
[edit]RNA transcripts are capped through cap snatching, but not polyadenylated.[4] Translation is terminated by a hairpin sequence at the end of each RNA transcript.[2]
Taxonomy
[edit]The family contains the following genera:[5]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b "History of the taxon: Family: Phenuiviridae (2024 Release, MSL #40)". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 19 March 2025.
- ^ a b c "Phenuiviridae ~ ViralZone".
- ^ "Phenuiviridae".
- ^ a b Tercero, Breanna; Terasaki, Kaori; Nakagawa, Keisuke; Narayanan, Krishna; Makino, Shinji (October 2019). "A strand-specific real-time quantitative RT-PCR assay for distinguishing the genomic and antigenomic RNAs of Rift Valley fever phlebovirus". Journal of Virological Methods. 272: 113701. doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.113701. PMC 6698219. PMID 31315022.
- ^ "Virus Taxonomy: 2024 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 19 March 2025.