List of people from Utica, New York
This article lists notable people from Utica, New York.
From the City of Utica
[edit]Academics and scientists
[edit]- Henry D. Abelove – historian and literary critic
- Daniel Barwick – higher education administrator, teacher, author, fundraiser, journalist, and podcaster; president of Independence Community College
- Albert Perry Brigham – geologist
- Amariah Brigham – psychiatrist and founding member of American Psychiatric Association
- Robert E. Brown – ethnomusicologist, coined the term "world music"
- John Seely Brown – organizational studies researcher and author; director of PARC and chief scientist at Xerox
- James Dwight Dana - geologist, mineralogist, volcanologist, and zoologist
- Bob Van Dillen – meteorologist
- Elizabeth E. Farrell – educator
- Russell H. Fazio – psychologist and professor at Ohio State University
- Henry S. Fitch – herpetologist
- Asa Gray – botanist
- John P. Gray – psychiatrist; psychiatric expert in the trial for the assassination of president James A. Garfield and superintendent of the Utica Psychiatric Center
- Marilyn E. Jacox – physical chemist
- Milton Kerker – physical chemist; namesake of the Kerker effect
- Paul Krugman – economist who is a professor at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York; columnist for the New York Times
- Cherilla Storrs Lowrey – educator and clubwoman; founder and chairwoman of The Outdoor Circle
- Matthew D. Mann – gynecologist; surgeon who operated on President William McKinley after he was shot
- Walter C. Michels – physicist and professor at Bryn Mawr College
- Eugene Paul Nassar – writer, editor, professor, and literary critic
- Otto M. Nikodym – Polish mathematician
- Christian Heinrich Friedrich Peters – astronomer
- John Ballard Rendall – president of Lincoln University, Latin professor, member of Pennsylvania House of Representatives, and minister
- Robert J. Sampson – sociologist, president of the American Society of Criminology, and Harvard professor
- Hermann von Wechlinger Schulte – anatomist and dean of Creighton University School of Medicine
- Deborah F. Stanley – chancellor of the State University of New York and president of the State University of New York at Oswego
- Susan Stone – nurse midwife; president of Frontier Nursing University
- Walter Sutton - geneticist and biologist; co-developer of the Boveri–Sutton chromosome theory
- Michael Sweet – computer scientist known for being the original developer of CUPS
- E. Fuller Torrey – psychiatrist and schizophrenia researcher
- Samuel Wells Williams – linguist, sinologist, and missionary
- Sam Wineburg – educational and cognitive psychologist
- Peter T. Wolczanski – chemist and Cornell professor
- Mary E. Young – historian
Actors and entertainers
[edit]- Lester Allen – actor, dancer, acrobat
- Kim Bass – director, screenwriter, and producer
- Yale Boss – actor
- Steven Brill – actor, film producer, director, and screenwriter[1]
- Adelaide Bronti – actress and operatic singer
- Victor Bumbalo – actor and playwright
- Frank Cappelli – creator of Cappelli & Company
- Dick Cerri – disc jockey
- Dick Clark – television and radio personality and television producer[2]
- Leonard Crofoot – actor, singer, dancer, writer and choreographer
- John Curran – director and screenwriter
- Natalie Dagwell – burlesque performer, dancer, and singer
- F. A. Dobson – cinematographer
- Frank Dumont – performer, sketch writer, and songwriter
- Robert Earle – game show host and voice actor
- John A. Ellsler – actor
- John Eskow – screenwriter
- Joseph Franz – director and actor
- Annette Funicello – actress and singer[3][4]
- Donna Hanover – radio and television personality, television producer, and actress
- John William Isham – vaudeville impresario
- Jim Jackson – sportscaster and television and radio host
- Mary Lawlor – actress
- David Mancuso – disc jockey; creator of "The Loft"
- Jerry Mandy – actor
- Rex Marshall – actor, television announcer, and radio personality[5]
- Ron O'Neal – actor, director, and screenwriter
- Tiffany Pollard – television personality
- Daniel Pritzker – director and musician
- Tim Roye – sports announcer and radio host
- Ralph Sheheen – sports announcer and television host
- Hal Smith – actor
- Anna Townsend – actress and frequent Harold Lloyd collaborator
- Matteo Vittucci – dancer[6]
Artists and architects
[edit]- Brad Anderson – cartoonist; creator of Marmaduke
- Mark Bodé – cartoonist; son of Vaughn Bodē
- Vaughn Bodē – cartoonist and illustrator;[7] graduated from Proctor High School[8]
- Neave Brown – architect and artist
- Arthur Bowen Davies – avant-garde artist and advocate of modern art
- Daniel DeWitt Tompkins Davie – photographer; pioneer of the daguerreotype
- Edward Brodhead Green – architect
- Absalom Barrett Hallock – architect
- Henry Inman – portrait, genre, and landscape painter
- Sheldon Keck – paintings conservator
- Rose Marasco – photographer
- Daniel Nicoletta – photographer
- Maurice J. Power – sculptor
- Joe Zane – painter, sculptor, video and performance artist, and humorist
Athletes and athletics personnel
[edit]- Irving Baxter – gold medalist in the men's high jump and the pole vault at the 1900 Summer Olympics
- Alonzo Breitenstein – baseball player
- Ken Brett – baseball player
- George Burns – baseball player
- Tim Capstraw – basketball coach and color commentator
- Dave Cash – baseball player
- Dominick Dawes – ice hockey coach
- George Detore – baseball player
- Louie Ehrensbeck – biathlon skier who competed in the 1968 Winter Olympics
- Robert Esche – hockey player
- Jim Fairbank – baseball player
- Chris Garrett – football player
- Mike Griffin – baseball player
- Jimmie Hunt – basketball player
- Ilia Jarostchuk – football player
- James Joseph – curler
- Mark Lemke – baseball player
- Charles B. Mason – football player and coach
- Dave McKeough – baseball player
- Art Mills – baseball player; coach for the 1945 World Series champion Detroit Tigers
- Willie Mills – baseball player
- Bill Morehouse – curler
- Nick Palmieri – hockey player
- Hardy Richardson – baseball player
- Harry Raymond – baseball player
- Len Rossi – wrestler who competed in the National Wrestling Alliance; member of the NWA Hall of Fame and the Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame
- Bernard Russ – football player
- Al Salerno – baseball umpire
- Michael Slive – commissioner of the Southeastern Conference
- Andy Van Slyke – baseball player
- Will Smith – football player
- Lou Lazzaro – modified racing driver
- Hal White – baseball player
- George Burrell Woodin – wrestler; better known by his stage name "Mr. Wrestling"
Business figures
[edit]- J. Carter Bacot – President and CEO of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation
- Richard H. Balch – Vice President of the Horrocks-Ibbotson Company, co-founder of Utica University
- Harry H. Bassett – automotive executive who served as president of Buick
- Joseph H. Boardman – CEO of Amtrak and administrator of the Federal Railroad Administration
- John Butterfield – founder of American Express
- Laura Casamento – former president of Utica University and former president and CEO of Herkimer County Trust
- John C. Devereux – pioneering Irish Catholic and philanthropist; co-founder of the Savings Bank of Utica
- David D’Alessandro – businessman, marketing executive, and author; former CEO of John Hancock Financial
- Nicholas Devereux – financier, banker, and philanthropist; founder of St. Bonaventure University
- Arthur Hind – textile industrialist and philatelist
- Henry J. Kaiser – industrialist; fosterer of modern American health care; founder of Kaiser Aluminum, Kaiser Steel, Kaiser Permanente, Kaiser-Frazer, Kaiser Motors, and Kaiser Broadcasting[9]
- Joseph Mailman – businessman, investor, and philanthropist; founder of the Mailman Corporation, the Persona Blade Company, and the British Rubber Company; assisted families escaping Nazi Germany
- Alonzo C. Mather – founder and president of the Mather Stock Car Company
- Sue Mengers – talent agent
- William Henry Moore – financier; co-founder of Nabisco, Western Union the Diamond Match Company, the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad, the American Can Company, Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad, and Bankers Trust
- Theron T. Pond – businessman and pharmacist; founder of Pond's
- Andy Rubin – computer programmer, entrepreneur, and venture capitalist; founder of Android Inc.
- Arthur William Savage – inventor; founder of Savage Arms
- Richard Stark – fashion designer; co-founder of Chrome Hearts
- Kenny Friedkin – aviator and businessman; founder of Pacific Southwest Airlines
- William Williams – printer and publisher
- Frank Winfield Woolworth – entrepreneur; founder of F. W. Woolworth Company
- Steve Wynn – real estate developer and art collector best known for his involvement in the casino and hotel industry[10]
Lawyers and jurists
[edit]- Fritz Beebe – lawyer and chairman of the board of The Washington Post Company
- Francis Marion Burdick – legal scholar and a mayor of Utica
- Richard J. Cardamone – circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
- John D. Caton – chief justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois
- Ward Hunt – associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court and Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals
- Alexander S. Johnson – judge
- Hugh R. Jones – served as an Associate Judge on the New York Court of Appeals
- James F. Lewis – chief justice of the Supreme Court of Nevada
- John J. Marquette – judge of the United States Tax Court
- Charles Mason – justice of the New York Supreme Court
- Louis M. Martin – justice of the New York Supreme Court
- Harry S. Patten – lawyer and politician
Military figures
[edit]- William Anders – Air Force major general, electrical engineer, nuclear engineer, NASA astronaut, and businessman
- Jacksel M. Broughton – Air Force colonel and author; retired with 43 separate awards and decorations, including four Distinguished Flying Crosses, two Silver Stars and the Air Force Cross
- Daniel Butterfield – Union army general and Assistant Treasurer of the United States
- Mark Divine – Navy SEAL commander
- Ferris Foreman – Mexican-American War veteran, Union army colonel, and California 49er
- Edward F. Jones – Union army officer, merchant, manufacturer, author and politician
- James H. Ledlie - Union army general and civil engineer
- William Mervine - Navy real admiral, served during the War of 1812, the Mexican–American War and the American Civil War
- James A. Mulligan - Union army colonel
- Jedediah Sanger – Continental Army first lieutenant, politician, judge, and founder of New Hartford
- Richard Henry Savage – military officer and author, potential inspiration for the pulp novel character Doc Savage
- Benjamin Walker – Continental Army officer, businessman, and politician[11]
Musicians
[edit]- Carlos Alexander – operatic singer
- Joe Bonamassa – blues rock guitarist, singer, and songwriter[12]
- Bruce Burger – singer, guitarist, multi-instrumentalist, composer, and producer
- Fran Cosmo – musician best known as a former lead singer of the rock bands Boston and Orion the Hunter[13]
- Tommy DeCarlo – singer who is the current lead vocalist for the rock band Boston[14]
- Earthstar – electronic music group
- Arthur Fields – singer-songwriter
- Debbie Friedman – singer-songwriter of religious Jewish music[15]
- Lincoln Holroyd – performer, band leader, and music educator
- Howard Kaylan – musician and songwriter; member of The Turtles, Flo & Eddie, and The Mothers of Invention
- David Eric Lowen – half of the songwriting team Lowen & Navarro[16]
- Joseph Michael – lead singer of Sanctuary, former member of White Wizzard, Midnight Reign and Peppermint Creeps
- moe. – jam rock band[17]
- J. R. Monterose – jazz saxophonist
- Barbara Owen – organist
- Rosetta Reitz – remastering engineer, record label owner, concert organizer, jazz historian, and activist
- B. A. Rolfe – bandleader, recording artist, radio personality, and film producer
- Sofronio Vasquez – Filipino singer; winner of season 26 of The Voice
- Jay Wanamaker – percussionist, music instructor, author, and businessman; CEO of Roland Americas and former executive at Fender, Guitar Center, Yamaha, Alfred Publishing, and chair of the Percussive Arts Society rudimental committee
- Jan Williams – percussionist, conductor, and composer
- Jimmy Wormworth – jazz drummer
- Ronnie Zito – jazz musician; drummer for Bobby Darin, Peggy Lee, and Eartha Kitt
- Torrie Zito – pianist, composer, and conductor; string arranger for John Lennon
Religion and philosophy
[edit]- Leopoldina Burns – religious sister; close companion and biographer of Marianne Cope during the 1883 Hansen’s Disease epidemic on the island of Moloka’i, Hawaii
- Marianne Cope – religious sister and Roman Catholic saint
- George Washington Gale – minister, founder of the Oneida Institute of Science and Industry[18]
- Asa Jennings – pastor who organized the evacuation of 350,000 Christian refugees from the shores of Smyrna
- Alexander Bryan Johnson – philosopher and semanticist; married to the granddaughter of president John Adams
- Samuel Kirkland Lothrop – clergyman and writer
- John Timothy Stone – clergyman
- Granville M. Williams – priest, monk, and writer
Social reformers
[edit]- Jane Louisa Hardy – activist and philanthropist
- Jermain Wesley Loguen – abolitionist, bishop, teacher, and author
- Gerrit Smith – social reformer, abolitionist, businessman, public intellectual, and philanthropist
- Charles Stuart – Bermudian-born abolitionist and military officer
- Theodore Dwight Weld – early architect of the abolitionist movement
Politicians
[edit]- Joseph Ackroyd – New York State senator
- Campbell W. Adams – civil engineer, surveyor and politician; New York State Engineer and Surveyor
- Dean Alfange – politician, Greek-American activist
- Josh J. Allen – New York State Assembly member and Supervisor of Elections for the Eastern District of New York
- Mike Arcuri – U.S. congressman
- William J. Bacon – U.S. congressman
- Wesley Bailey – politician and newspaper editor
- William Baker – Speaker of the New York State Assembly and Erie Canal Commissioner
- Samuel Beardsley – U.S. congressman
- Sherwood Boehlert – U.S. congressman
- Alvan E. Bovay – Wisconsin State Assembly representative; one of the founders of the Republican Party
- Anthony Brindisi – U.S. congressman
- William S. Calli – New York State Assembly member and New York State senator
- John T. Clark – civil engineer and politician
- Alfred Conkling – U.S. congressman, United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York, and United States Minister to Mexico
- Roscoe Conkling – U.S. congressman[19][20]
- Simon Newton Dexter – politician and merchant
- Fred J. Douglas – U.S. congressman
- Russell G. Dunmore – New York State Assembly member
- Rufus Elefante – Democratic political boss
- William Jay Gaynor – mayor of New York City and political reformer
- Alexander T. Goodwin – New York State senator
- John K. Hackett – Recorder of New York City
- Richard Hanna – U.S. congressman
- Thomas H. Hubbard – U.S. congressman
- Thomas Lemuel James – United States Postmaster General, journalist, and banker
- Francis Kernan – U.S. congressman
- Michael J. Kernan – New York State Assembly member and New York State senator
- Joseph Kirkland – U.S. congressman
- Orsamus Benajah Matteson – U.S. congressman
- John T. McKennan – New York State Assembly member
- Henry Merrill – Wisconsin State senator, pioneer, and merchant
- Victor H. Metcalf – Secretary of Commerce and Labor and Secretary of the Navy under Theodore Rosevelt
- Rutger B. Miller – U.S. congressman
- Cyrus D. Prescott – U.S. congressman
- Alexander Pirnie – U.S. congressman
- William H. Ray – U.S. congressman
- John A. Roche – mayor of Chicago
- Theodore S. Sayre – New York State senator and businessman
- William R. Sears – New York State Assembly member and New York State senator
- Henry Seymour – politician, merchant, banker
- Horatio Seymour – politician who served as New York State Governor[21][22]
- Walter Sheridan – FBI investigator and author
- Carrie Babcock Sherman – wife of Vice President James S. Sherman, second lady of the United States
- James Schoolcraft Sherman – lawyer and politician who served as 27th vice president of the United States[23][24]
- Fred Sisson – U.S. congressman
- John T. Spriggs – U.S. congressman
- Henry R. Storrs – U.S. congressman
- Charles A. Talcott – U.S. congressman
- Enoch B. Talcott – New York State senator
- William B. Taylor – civil engineer and politician; New York State Engineer and Surveyor
- William Townsend – New York State Assembly member and New York State senator
- Benjamin Welch – New York State Treasurer
- Chandler J. Wells – prominent builder who served as mayor of Buffalo, New York
- Philo White – Wisconsin State senator
- John Williams – U.S. congressman
- James Zogby – founder of the Arab American Institute
Writers and journalists
[edit]- Mary C. Ames – novelist, poet, and journalist
- Daniel Barwick – writer, fundraiser, journalist, podcaster, higher education administrator, and teacher
- Allan Beekman – writer and reporter
- Richard Benedetto – political reporter and columnist
- Eric Boehlert – journalist, writer, and media critic
- Ray Bremser – poet
- Dan Cameron – writer and contemporary art curator
- Daryl Cobb – author of children's books[25]
- Jane Elizabeth Conklin – poet and religious writer
- Pádraig Phiarais Cúndún – Irish-American homesteader and composer of American poetry in the Irish language
- John Elliott Curran – novelist
- Mark Danner – writer, journalist, and educator
- Georgia Roberts Durston – novelist and poet
- David Skaats Foster – novelist
- Harold Frederic – journalist and novelist
- Charles E. Fritch – fantasy, science fiction, horror, and mystery novelist
- Joanne Grant – journalist and activist
- Michael Kernan – writer and Washington Post journalist
- Alen Pol Kobryn – novelist, poet, and voice actor
- John D. MacDonald – writer and best-selling crime novelist
- HP Newquist – writer, museum founder and curator, and musician
- Ryan Nobles – journalist
- Grace May North – newspaper journalist and author of novels for children and adolescents
- Charles Quinn – journalist and NBC News reporter
- Dan Senor – columnist, writer, and political advisor to Mitt Romney
- John Zogby – political pollster, author, and public speaker; founder of the Zogby poll and the Zogby International poll
Other
[edit]- Bianca Devins – teenager who was murdered by a male acquaintance
- Edward P. Felt – passenger on United Flight 93
- Lewis Lawrence – founder of Eatonville, Florida, the oldest incorporated Black town in the U.S
- John Thomas Moss – frontiersman, prospector, and miner
- Nyah Mway – teenager who was killed by an officer of the Utica Police Department
- Samuel Manning Todd – founding member of the Mistick Krewe of Comus, the oldest extant New Orleans, Louisiana Carnival Krewe
- Michael Zarnock – Hot Wheels collector and two-time Guinness World Record holder
Fictional characters
[edit]- Gary Chalmers – superintendent of Springfield School District on the animated sitcom The Simpsons
- Karen Filippelli – regional manager of the Utica branch of Dunder Mifflin on the mockumentary sitcom The Office
- Uncle Leo – Alice Kramden's uncle on The Honeymooners
From Greater Utica
[edit]Academics and scientists
[edit]- Charles Henry Smyth Jr. – geologist
Actors and entertainers
[edit]- Susan Bennett – voice actress and singer; provided the original voice of Apple's Siri personal assistant, sang backup for Roy Orbison and Burt Bacharach
- John Frink – writer and executive producer for The Simpsons
- Joel de la Fuente – actor
Artists and architects
[edit]- Calvert Coggeshall – painter
- Rufus J. Dryer – painter
Athletes and athletics personnel
[edit]- Chuck Detwiler – football player
- Joe Nolan – hockey player
- Johnny Sullivan – boxer; competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics
Business figures
[edit]- William McLaren Bristol – co-founder of Bristol-Meyers Squibb
- John Ripley Myers – co-founder of Bristol-Meyers Squibb
- H.M. Quackenbush – inventor and industrialist
Lawyers and jurists
[edit]- Jasper W. Gilbert – justice of the New York Supreme Court
Military figures
[edit]- Frank O. Fournia – Medal of Honor recipient
- Nicholas Herkimer – military officer; fought during the French and Indian War and Revolutionary War
Musicians
[edit]- Roberta Guaspari – violinist
- Mat Marucci – jazz drummer
Religion and philosophy
[edit]- Francis Bellamy – Christian socialist Baptist minister and author; author of the Pledge of Allegiance
- Hiram Huntington Kellogg Sr. – Presbyterian minister; founder and first director of the Female Seminary in Clinton, New York and the first president of Knox College
Social reformers
[edit]- Clara Barton – founder of the American Red Cross[26][27]
Politicians
[edit]- Alexander L. Collins – Whig party leader; first governor of Wisconsin
- Frederick S. Martin – U.S. congressman
- Francis E. Spinner – Treasurer of the United States
- Mancel Talcott – Chicago politician
Writers and journalists
[edit]- Natalie Babbitt – children's author
- Grace Lin – children's author
- Harold Bell Wright – author
Other
[edit]- Benjamin Wright – chief engineer of the Erie Canal
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Tubia, Luke (December 22, 2016). "'Mighty Ducks', 'Little Nicky' Writer Was Born In Utica!". Big Frog 104. Retrieved December 19, 2024.
- ^ Chuck Dauphin (April 19, 2012). "Dick Clark Could Rock, But He Started Out Country". Billboard. Retrieved February 28, 2017.
- ^ "Music". Annette Connection. Archived from the original on May 21, 2013. Retrieved June 23, 2013.
Promised Land, a song she and her husband, Glen Holt wrote together telling the story of her and her family's journey from New York to California.
- ^ Davey Jones (April 8, 2013). "Was Annette Funicello Making Fun Of Utica In 1983 With The Song "The Promised Land"?". WODZ 96.1 AM. Retrieved June 23, 2013.
- ^ "Rex Marshall, 64, Announcer on Radio and TV Since 1937". The New York Times. March 11, 1983.
- ^ Kisselgoff, Anna (March 29, 2011). "Matteo, Master of Spanish Dance, Dies at 92". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 12, 2025.
- ^ "Feature Artist: Vaughn Bode". A&H Magazine. Archived from the original on December 12, 2013. Retrieved December 9, 2013.
- ^ "Happy Herbs". Art and Architecture – San Francisco. Retrieved December 9, 2013.
- ^ Gunther, John (1947). Inside U.S.A. New York; London: Harper & Brothers. pp. 64–75.
- ^ Harris, Edward (October 15, 2021). "Steve Wynn: The downtown Utica 'hospital will make you proud. It will save lives'". Observer-Dispatch. Retrieved December 27, 2024.
- ^ "WALKER, Benjamin, (1753 - 1818)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Office of the Historian, United States Congress. Archived from the original on August 31, 2013. Retrieved June 23, 2013.
- ^ Browning, Tamara (May 3, 2012). "Guitarist Joe Bonamassa born to play the blues". State Journal-Register. Archived from the original on August 29, 2019.
- ^ "Utica native finds musical home on independent label". Utica Observer Dispatch. October 14, 2010. Retrieved January 12, 2023.
- ^ Derminio, Andrew; Todd, Nicole (October 18, 2021). "Utica Native And Boston Singer, Coming To Stanley Theatre". WIBX 950. Retrieved January 12, 2023.
- ^ Elaine Woo (January 11, 2011). "Debbie Friedman, self-taught Jewish folk singer, dies at 59". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 24, 2013. Retrieved September 11, 2013.
- ^ "Lowen and Navarro's Eric Lowen dies of ALS at 60". Los Angeles Times. March 26, 2012.
- ^ moe. at AllMusic
- ^ Gale, George (1964). Autobiography of George Washington Gale.
- ^ United States Congress. "Roscoe Conkling (id: C000681)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
- ^ "NNDB". Archived from the original on July 16, 2019. Retrieved August 11, 2019.
- ^ Oneida County Freedom Trail
- ^ Mrs. Mecomber (June 14, 2008). "Forest Hill Cemetery, Utica, NY". New York Traveler. Archived from the original on June 28, 2008. Retrieved September 13, 2010.
- ^ United States Congress. "James Schoolcraft Sherman (id: S000345)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
- ^ "NNDB". Archived from the original on July 16, 2019. Retrieved August 11, 2019.
- ^ Bostwick, Joanne. "Author Visits by Daryl Cobb". Author Visits by Daryl Cobb. Daryl Cobb Production. Archived from the original on June 27, 2015. Retrieved June 26, 2015.
- ^ Lewis, Zach (May 21, 2024). "It's National American Red Cross Founder's Day. What Was Clara Barton's Connection to the Mohawk Valley?". WKTV NewsChannel2. Retrieved April 19, 2025.
- ^ Lewis, Zach (March 26, 2025). "Clara Barton's Experience in Clinton: An In-Depth Look at Her Life in the Mohawk Valley on Red Cross Giving Day". WKTV NewsChannel2. Retrieved April 19, 2025.
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