List of endemic plants of the Balearic Islands
The Balearic Islands is an archipelago in the western Mediterranean Sea, which includes three large islands – Mallorca, Menorca, and Ibiza – and several smaller ones. The islands are home to dozens of endemic species and subspecies of plants, and endemic genera Femeniasia, Naufraga, and Spiroceratium.[1] Although it is politically part of Spain, the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions treats the Balearic Islands as distinct botanical region.[2]
Plants are listed alphabetically by plant family. Extinct and presumed extinct species are indicated with †.
Amaranthaceae
[edit]- Atriplex tornabenei subsp. pedunculata (Castrov.) Iamonico
Amaryllidaceae
[edit]- Allium grosii Font Quer – Ibiza
Apiaceae
[edit]- Bunium balearicum (Sennen) Mateo & López Udias
- Bupleurum barceloi Coss. ex Willk. – Mallorca
- Daucus carota subsp. majoricus A.Pujadas
- Helosciadium bermejoi (L.Llorens) Popper & M.F.Watson – eastern Menorca
- Laserpitium gallicum subsp. majoricum Romo
- Ligusticum lucidum subsp. huteri (Porta) O.Bolòs – Mallorca
- Magydaris pastinacea subsp. femeniesii O.Bolòs & Vigo
- Naufraga Constance & Cannon
- Naufraga balearica Constance & Cannon Mallorca: near Pollensa
- Pastinaca lucida L.
- Spiroceratium H.Wolff
- Spiroceratium bicknellii (Briq.) H.Wolff – Mallorca
- Thapsia gymnesica Rosselló & A.Pujadas
Aristolochiaceae
[edit]- Aristolochia bianorii Sennen & Pau – Mallorca, Minorca
Asparagaceae
[edit]- Brimeura duvigneaudii (L.Llorens) Rosselló, Mus & Mayol – northern Mallorca
- Brimeura duvigneaudii subsp. duvigneaudii – N. Mallorca
- Brimeura duvigneaudii subsp. occultata L.Sáez, Rita, Bibiloni, Roquet & López-Alvarado – Mallorca: Sierra de Tramontana
Aspleniaceae
[edit]- Asplenium × artanense Rosselló, Cubas, Gradaille & B.Sastre (A. sagittatum × A. trichomanes subsp. inexpectans)
- Asplenium × barrancense (Bennert & D.E.Mey.) Pericás & Rosselló (A. ceterach × A. majoricum)
- Asplenium × orellii Lovis & Reichst. (A. majoricum × A. trichomanes subsp. quadrivalens)
- Asplenium × rosselloi Bennert, Rasbach & Reichst. (A. balearicum × A. onopteris)
- Asplenium trichomanes nothosubsp. barreraense Rasbach, K.Rasbach, Reichst. & Bennert (A. trichomanes subsp. coriaceifolium × A. trichomanes subsp. quadrivalvens)
- Asplenium trichomanes nothosubsp. lucanum Cubas, Rosselló & Pangua (A. trichomanes subsp. inexpectans × A. trichomanes subsp. quadrivalens)
- Asplenium × tubalense Rosselló, Cubas & Rebassa (A. azomanes × A. trichomanes subsp. quadrivalens)
Asteraceae
[edit]- Bellium artrutxense P.Fraga & Rosselló
- Carduus ibicensis (Devesa & Talavera) Rosselló & N.Torres
- Cheirolophus grandifolius (Font Quer) Stübing, Peris, Olivares & J.Martín
- Crepis triasii (Cambess.) Nyman – Mallorca, Menorca
- Femeniasia Susanna
- Femeniasia balearica (J.J.Rodr.) Susanna – Menorca
- Filago petro-ianii Rita & Dittrich – central and southwestern Mallorca
- Helichrysum × ambiguum (Pers.) C.Presl (H. crassifolium × H. stoechas)
- Helichrysum crassifolium (L.) D.Don ex G.Don in J.C.Loudon – Mallorca, Menorca, Dragonera
- Helichrysum massanellanum Herrando, J.M.Blanco, L.Sáez & Galbany – Mallorca
- Hieracium balearicum Arv.-Touv. – Mallorca
- Hieracium majorcanum Arv.-Touv. – Mallorca
- Launaea cervicornis (Boiss.) Font Quer & Rothm. – Mallorca, Menorca
- Mauranthemum paludosum subsp. ebusitanum (Vogt) Vogt & Oberpr. – Ibiza
- Santolina magonica (O.Bolòs, Molin. & P.Monts.) Romo – Mallorca, Menorca
- Santolina vedranensis (O.Bolòs & Vigo) L.Sáez, M.Serrano, S.Ortiz & R.Carbajal – Islote de es Vedrá
- Senecio varicosus L.f. – Mallorca, Menorca
- Sonchus bulbosus subsp. willkomii (Burnat & Barbey) N.Kilian & Greuter
Boraginaceae
[edit]- Myosotis arvensis var. garciasii O.Bolòs & Vigo
Brassicaceae
[edit]- Biscutella ebusitana Rosselló & L.Sáez
- Brassica balearica Pers. – Mallorca: Sierra de la Tramontana
Campanulaceae
[edit]- Solenopsis minima (Sims) M.B.Crespo, Serra & Juan – Mallorca
Caprifoliaceae
[edit]- Cephalaria squamiflora subsp. balearica (Coss. ex Willk.) Greuter
- Lonicera pyrenaica subsp. majoricensis (Gand.) Gand.
Caryophyllaceae
[edit]- Arenaria grandiflora subsp. pseudoincrassata Malag.
- Cerastium brachypetalum subsp. balearicum Romo
- Dianthus rupicola subsp. bocchoriana L.Llorens & Gradaille – Mallorca
- Polycarpon polycarpoides subsp. colomense (Porta) Pedrol
- Polycarpon tetraphyllum subsp. dunense (P.Fraga & Rosselló) Iamonico – N. Menorca
- Silene mollissima (L.) Pers.
Cistaceae
[edit]- Helianthemum scopulicola L.Sáez, Rosselló & Alomar – Mallorca
Cyperaceae
[edit]- Carex rorulenta Porta
Cytinaceae
[edit]- Cytinus hypocistis subsp. pityusensis Finschow – Ibiza. Parasitic on Cistus clusii.
Euphorbiaceae
[edit]- Euphorbia fontqueriana Greuter – Mallorca
- Euphorbia maresii Knoche
- Euphorbia maresii subsp. balearica (Willk.) Malag. – Mallorca
- Euphorbia maresii subsp. maresii
- Euphorbia margalidiana Kuhbier & Lewej.
- Euphorbia nurae P.Fraga & Rosselló
Fabaceae
[edit]- Anthyllis hystrix (Willk. ex Barceló) Cardona, J.Cont. & E.Sierra – Minorca
- Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. balearica (Coss. ex Marès & Vigin.) O.Bolòs & Vigo
- Astragalus balearicus Chater
- Coronilla montserratii P.Fraga & Rosselló
- Genista balearica Willk. ex Porta
- Genista dorycnifolia Font Quer – Ibiza
- Genista majorica Cantó & M.J.Sánchez
- Hippocrepis balearica Jacq.
- Hippocrepis grosii (Pau) Boira, Gil & L.Llorens – Ibiza
- Lotus fulgurans (Porta) D.D.Sokoloff – Mallorca, Menorca
- Lotus × minoricensis M.À.Conesa, Mus & Rosselló (L. fulgurans × L. dorycnium)
- Lotus tetraphyllus L.
- Vicia bifoliolata J.J.Rodr. – Menorca
Gentianaceae
[edit]- Centaurium bianoris (Sennen) Sennen
- Centaurium erythraea subsp. enclusense (O.Bolòs, Molin. & P.Monts.) O.Bolòs & Vigo – Menorca
Geraniaceae
[edit]- Erodium reichardii (Murray) DC.
Hypericaceae
[edit]- Hypericum balearicum L.
- Hypericum hircinum subsp. cambessedesii (Coss. ex Barceló) Sauvage – Mallorca
Iridaceae
[edit]- Crocus cambessedesii J.Gay – Mallorca and Minorca
Lamiaceae
[edit]- Clinopodium rouyanum (Briq.) Govaerts – Mallorca
- Micromeria filiformis subsp. filiformis
- Phlomis italica L.
- Scutellaria balearica Barceló – N. Mallorca
- Teucrium asiaticum L.
- Teucrium balearicum (Coss. ex Pau) Castrov. & Bayon
- Teucrium capitatum subsp. majoricum (Rouy) Nyman
- Teucrium cossonii D.Wood
- Teucrium subspinosum Pourr. ex Willd. – Mallorca, Cabrera
- Thymus bivalens (Mayol, L.Sáez & Rosselló) Camarda – Mallorca
- Thymus richardii subsp. ebusitanus {{small|(Font Quer) Jalas – Ibiza
- Thymus richardii subsp. richardii – Mallorca
Malvaceae
[edit]- Malva lusitanica subsp. minoricensis (Cambess.) Valdés – Menorca
Orchidaceae
[edit]- Anacamptis × timbali nothosubsp. albuferensis (R.M.Bateman) H.Kretzschmar, Eccarius & H.Dietr. (A. coriophora × A. palustris subsp. robusta)
- Ophrys × soller M.Henkel (O. apifera × O. speculum)
Orobanchaceae
[edit]- Orobanche iammonensis A.Pujadas & P.Fraga – Menorca
Paeoniaceae
[edit]- Paeonia cambessedesii (Willk.) Willk.
Plantaginaceae
[edit]- Chaenorhinum origanifolium subsp. rodriguezii (Porta) Güemes
- Chaenorhinum rubrifolium subsp. formenterae (Gand.) R.Fern. – Formentera
- Cymbalaria fragilis (J.J.Rodr.) A.Chev. – Menorca
- Digitalis minor L.
- Digitalis minor var. minor
- Digitalis minor var. palaui (Garcias Font & Marcos) Hinz & Rosselló
- Globularia majoricensis Gand. – N. Mallorca
- Linaria pruinosa (Sennen & Pau) L.Sáez, F.B.Navarro, L.Gut., J.Fuentes
- Sibthorpia africana L.
- Veronica trichadena var. freyniana M.A.Fisch.
Plumbaginaceae
[edit]- Limonium alcudianum Erben
- Limonium antonii-llorensii L.Llorens
- Limonium artruchium Erben
- Limonium balearicum (Pignatti) Brullo
- Limonium barceloi Gil & L.Llorens
- Limonium bianorii (Sennen & Pau) Erben
- Limonium biflorum (Pignatti) Pignatti – Mallorca
- Limonium boirae L.Llorens & Tébar
- Limonium bolosii Gil & L.Llorens
- Limonium bonafei Erben
- Limonium camposanum Erben
- Limonium caprariense (Font Quer & Marcos) Pignatti
- Limonium caprariense subsp. caprariense
- Limonium caprariense subsp. multiflorum Pignatti
- Limonium carregadorense Erben
- Limonium carvalhoi Rosselló & L.Sáez
- Limonium connivens Erben
- Limonium dragonericum Erben
- Limonium ebusitanum (Font Quer) Font Quer
- Limonium ejulabilis Rosselló, Mus & J.X.Soler
- Limonium × escarrei L.Llorens & Tébar (L. balearicum × L. oleifolium)
- Limonium formenterae L.Llorens – Formentera
- Limonium grosii L.Llorens
- Limonium gymnesicum Erben
- Limonium heterospicatum Erben
- Limonium leonardi-llorensii L.Sáez, Á.C.Carvalho & Rosselló
- Limonium magallufianum L.Llorens
- Limonium majoricum Pignatti
- Limonium marisolii L.Llorens
- Limonium migjornense L.Llorens
- Limonium minoricense Erben
- Limonium minutum (L.) Chaz. – Majorca and Minorca
- Limonium muradense Erben
- Limonium orellii Erben
- Limonium portopetranum Erben
- Limonium pseudarticulatum Erben
- Limonium pseudebusitanum Erben
- Limonium pseudodictyocladum L.Llorens – S. Mallorca
- Limonium retusum L.Llorens
- Limonium saxicola Erben
- Limonium scorpioides Erben
- Limonium sucronicum Erben
- Limonium tamarindanum Erben
- Limonium tenuicaule Erben
- Limonium validum Erben
- Limonium wiedmannii Erben – Eivissa, N. Formentera
Poaceae
[edit]- Aira minoricensis P.Fraga, Romero Zarco & L.Sáez – Minorca
- Alpagrostis barceloi (L.Sáez & Rosselló) P.M.Peterson, Romasch., Soreng & Sylvester
- Avellinia longiaristata (Font Quer) Romero Zarco & L.Sáez – Menorca
- Dactylis glomerata subsp. nestorii Rosselló & L.Sáez – Ibiza, Formentera
- Helictochloa crassifolia (Font Quer) Romero Zarco
- Polygonum romanum subsp. balearicum Raffaelli & L.Villar – Mallorca
Polypodiaceae
[edit]- Dryopteris pallida subsp. balearica (Litard.) Fraser-Jenk. – Majorca
Primulaceae
[edit]- † Lysimachia minoricensis J.J.Rodr. – S. Menorca: Barranc de Sa Vall. Last recorded in 1959.
- Primula vulgaris subsp. balearica (Willk.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest – Mallorca
Ranunculaceae
[edit]- Delphinium pentagynum subsp. formenteranum N.Torres, L.Sáez, Rosselló & C.Blanché – Formentera
- Helleborus lividus Aiton – Mallorca
- Ranunculus macrophyllus subsp. barceloi (Grau) Romo – Mallorca
- Ranunculus weyleri Marès – Mallorca
Rhamnaceae
[edit]- Rhamnus × bermejoi P.Fraga & Rosselló (R. alaternus × R. ludovici-salvatoris)
- Rhamnus oleoides subsp. bourgaeana (Gand.) Rivas Mart. & J.M.Pizarro
Rosaceae
[edit]- Cotoneaster majoricensis L.Sáez & Rosselló
Rubiaceae
[edit]- Cynanchica paui subsp. paui
- Galium balearicum Briq. – Mallorca
- Galium crespianum Rodr. – Mallorca, Dragonera
- Galium friedrichii N.Torres, L.Sáez, Mus & Rosselló – Eivissa, Formentera
- Rubia balearica (Willk.) Porta
- Rubia balearica subsp. balearica
- Rubia balearica subsp. caespitosa (Font Quer & Marcos) Rosselló, L.Sáez & Mus – Cabrera
Thymelaeaceae
[edit]- Daphne rodriguezii Texidor – Menorca, I. Colom
- Thymelaea velutina (Pourr. ex Cambess.) Endl.
Urticaceae
[edit]- Urtica bianorii (Knoche) Paiva
Violaceae
[edit]- Viola × balearica Rosselló, Mayol & Mus (V. dehnhardtii × V. jaubertiana)
- Viola jaubertiana Marès & Vigin. – Mallorca
- Viola odorata subsp. stolonifera (J.J.Rodr.) J.J.Orell & Romo
References
[edit]- ^ Endemic plants of Baleares, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP) checklist builder. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 11 February 2025.
- ^ Brummitt, R. K. (2001). World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (PDF) (2nd ed.). International Working Group on Taxonomic Databases For Plant Sciences (TDWG). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-01-25. Retrieved 9 September 2024.