Kuki-Chin–Naga languages

Kuki-Chin-Naga
Kuki-Chin-Naga
(geographic / cultural)
Geographic; distribution	South Asia and Southeast Asia
Linguistic classification	Sino-Tibetan Tibeto-Burman Central Tibeto-Burman languages Kuki-Chin-Naga; ; ;
Subdivisions	Hmar; Mizo; Thadou; Zou; Naga;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	Zo1245

Languages

The established branches are:

Kuki-Chin
- Northeastern
- Central
- Maraic
- Khomic
- Southern
Naga
- Ao, in north-central Nagaland
- Angami–Pochuri, in southern Nagaland
- Tangkhul-Maring, in eastern Manipur
- Zeme, in northwestern Manipur
- Northwestern / Southern Naga
Meitei, the official language of Manipur
Karbi, in Karbi Anglong, Central Assam

The Konyak languages of Nagaland, also spoken by ethnic Naga, are not grouped within Kuki-Chin–Naga, but rather within Brahmaputran (Sal).

Ethnologue adds Koki, Long Phuri, Makuri, and Para, all unclassified, and all distant from other Naga languages they have been compared to. Koki is perhaps closest to (or one of) the Tangkhulic languages, and the other three may belong together.

Classification

Scott DeLancey (2015)^[1] considers Kuki-Chin–Naga to be part of a wider Central Tibeto-Burman group.

The following is a preliminary internal classification of the Kuki-Chin–Naga languages by Hsiu (2021).^[2]

Northern Kuki-Chin-Naga linguistic area (linkage)
- Greater Central Naga
  - Makury
  - Long Phuri
  - Para (Jejara)
  - Central Naga
    - Lotha
    - Sangtam
    - Yimchungrü
    - Ao
- Angami-Pochuri
  - Angamic-Sumic
    - Angamic
      - Angami, Chokri
      - Khezha
      - Mao
      - Poumai
    - Sumic
      - Sumi
      - Rengma
  - Pochuric
    - Meluri
    - Ntenyi
Southern Kuki-Chin-Naga branch
- Greater Zeme ("Western Naga")
  - Zeme, Mzieme, Liangmai
  - Nruanghmei
  - Maram
  - Khoirao
  - Puiron
- Greater Tangkhulic
  - Akyaung Ari
  - Tangkhulic
- Maring, Khoibu (Uipo)
- Kokak
- Suansu (?)
- Kuki-Chin
  - Northwestern ("Old Kuki")
  - Northeastern ("Northern")
  - Central
  - Maraic
  - Southern
  - Khomic

References

^ DeLancey, Scott. 2015. "Morphological Evidence for a Central Branch of Trans-Himalayan (Sino-Tibetan)." Cahiers de linguistique - Asie oriental 44(2):122-149. December 2015. doi:10.1163/19606028-00442p02
^ Hsiu, Andrew (2021). "Kuki-Chin-Naga". Sino-Tibetan Branches Project. Retrieved 2024-09-17.

Reconstructions

Bruhn, Daniel W. 2014. A phonological reconstruction of Proto-Central Naga. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.
Mortensen, David R. 2012. Database of Tangkhulic Languages. (unpublished ms. contributed to STEDT).
VanBik, Kenneth. 2009. Proto-Kuki-Chin: A reconstructed ancestor of the Kuki-Chin languages. STEDT Monograph Series 8. Berkeley, CA: STEDT.
Khoi Lam Thang. 2001. A phonological reconstruction of Proto Chin. M.A. Dissertation, Payap University.
Button, Christopher. 2011. Proto Northern Chin. STEDT Monograph Series 10. Berkeley, CA: STEDT.

External links

Kuki-Chin-Naga Archived 2020-10-22 at the Wayback Machine (Sino-Tibetan Branches Project)

[1] DeLancey, Scott. 2015. "Morphological Evidence for a Central Branch of Trans-Himalayan (Sino-Tibetan)." Cahiers de linguistique - Asie oriental 44(2):122-149. December 2015. doi:10.1163/19606028-00442p02

[2] Hsiu, Andrew (2021). "Kuki-Chin-Naga". Sino-Tibetan Branches Project. Retrieved 2024-09-17.

[1]

[2]