Kinyanjui wa Gathirimu
Kinyanjui Gathirimu | |
|---|---|
| Born | Kinyanjui wa Gathirimu 1865 |
| Died | 1929 |
| Nationality | Kenyan |
| Other names | Chief Kinyanjui |
| Awards | King's Medal for Chiefs |
Kinyanjui wa Gathirimu (1865 – 1929) was a Kenyan leader. He was a member of the Kikuyu people, who was later appointed paramount chief.[1]
Early life
[edit]Kinyanjui wa Gathirimu was born in Kiria, Kandara, Murang'a County, Kenya, in 1865.[2]
The son of Wanugu wa Gathirimu,[2] he traced his roots to the Mbarĩ ya Gathirimũ sub-clan, long revered for its association with Kikuyu prophets.[3]
Kinyanjui was criticized and disowned by relatives for impregnating many women and causing financial hardship for his family.[2]
Career
[edit]In the town of Kiambu, he found refuge with his distant relative, Waiyaki Wa Hinga, a respected and wealthy elder. He was assigned to be a servant.[2] He later entered the service of the Imperial British East Africa Company as a porter and translator for trading caravans in 1890.[4]
He would accompany Waiyaki to see William J. Purkiss of the Imperial British East Africa Company, who was in charge at Fort Smith in Kikuyu. During a dispute with Purkiss, Waiyaki was wounded and taken prisoner.[5] Kinyanjui assumed the role of the first "chief" among the Kikuyu after the elder died at Kibwezi on his way to exile.[6] The Kikuyu were governed by a local leader or elder, chosen by the people, before the Europeans arrived and introduced the concept of chiefs.[7]
Kinyanjui supported the British company's successive officers as a mercenary following the 1892 death of Waiyaki Wa Hinga.[8] When Francis George Hall replaced Purkiss, Kinyanjui emerged as a key ally for the new administration, as Hall isolated him and formed a friendship.[9] Hall, stationed at a fort built in Dagoretti, acknowledged him as the headman of Dagoretti, before later founding Fort Smith in Kabete.[10] Kinyanjui was referred to as Hall's "fidus Achates."[11] Kinyanjui commanded a Kikuyu faction supportive of the company in Kabete.[12] His growing ties led to roles as an intelligence agent, garrison supplier, and leader of punitive campaigns against Kikuyu groups opposed to the company officials.[2]
In 1895, the British Government established the East Africa Protectorate and entrusted the Imperial British East Africa Company with its administration in 1888. The company quickly opened the Highlands to white settlers.[13] Fort Smith, abandoned in 1899, was replaced by Francis Hall with a new post called Fort Hall (now Murang'a) before his death in 1901.[14]
Kinyanjui advanced by assisting the British in taking Kikuyu land. Beginning in 1902, Kinyanjui sold land in southern Kiambu to its first white settlers.[10]
Appointed senior chief under the Protectorate government in 1908, he later became the only Kikuyu to hold the title of paramount chief.[2] Kinyanjui was appointed paramount chief shortly after World War I, a post he retained until his death in 1929.[15]
In 1919, Kinyanjui chaired what is considered the first formal political meeting among the Kikuyu.[16]
The East Africa Protectorate was transformed into the Colony of Kenya in 1920. Based on his close association with the British Empire, the colonial government later consulted him in the appointment of new chiefs and the introduction of policies. Kinyanjui received the King's Medal for Chiefs in 1922 for his services to the colonial government. In 1925, the "Paramount Chief of the Agikuyu" was introduced to King George V, the Duke of York, when the latter visited Kenya.[2]
While visiting Maasailand from January to February 1929, Kinyanjui's leg was pierced by a piece of corrugated iron sheet, leading to a septic wound.[2]
Death
[edit]Kinyanjui wa Gathirimu died on March 1, 1929, in Kikuyu, Kenya at the Thogoto Mission Hospital (now P.C.E.A Kikuyu Hospital).[11]
Legacy
[edit]David Githanga, the eldest son of the late chief, succeeded him as chief on April 12, 1929.[2]
Chief Kinyanjui was featured in Robert L. Ripley's Believe It Or Not column in The Washington Herald in November 1936, with a claim of having 400 wives and 380 children.[17]
In the late 1970s, the PC Kinyanjui Technical Training Institute was named after him.
References
[edit]- ^ "White hands at the camera". theeastafrican.co.ke. Retrieved 2025-04-05.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Kinyanjui wa Gathirimu (1865–1929)". oxfordreference.com. Retrieved 2025-04-05.
- ^ "Pastoralism, Raiding, and Prophets: Maasailand in the Nineteenth Century". books.google.ca. University of Wisconsin--Madison. 1979. Retrieved 2025-04-05.
- ^ "Trapped in History: Kenya, Mau Mau and Me". books.google.ca. Faber & Faber. 2023. Retrieved 2025-04-05.
- ^ "Reflections of Early Kenya: an interview with Ex-Senior Chief Josiah Njonjo". journals.co.za. Retrieved 2025-04-05.
- ^ "Purkiss's Parrot". oldafricamagazine.com. Retrieved 2025-04-05.
- ^ "Missiology - Volume 16". books.google.ca. American Society of Missiology. 1988. Retrieved 2025-04-05.
- ^ "Genesis of tyrannical, corrupt chiefs dates back to 1901". standardmedia.co.ke. Retrieved 2025-04-05.
- ^ Mungeam, G. H. (1970). Masai and Kikuyu Responses to the Establishment of British Administration in the East Africa Protectorate. The Journal of African History, 11(1), 127–143. http://www.jstor.org/stable/180220
- ^ a b J. Makong’o. "History and Government Form 2: Teacher's Guide". books.google.ca. East African Publishers. Retrieved 2025-04-05.
- ^ a b "A century of Catholic endeavour : Holy Ghost and Consolata Missions in Kenya". books.google.ca. Paulines Publications Africa. 1999. Retrieved 2025-04-05.
- ^ "Kenya's ethnic communities : foundation of the nation". books.google.ca. Gatũndũ Publishers. 2006. Retrieved 2025-04-05.
- ^ "British East Africa". britannica.com. Retrieved 2025-04-05.
- ^ "How witchcraft earned chief Karuri riches, fear". businessdailyafrica.com. Retrieved 2025-04-05.
- ^ "EAPH Political Studies". books.google.ca. 1966. Retrieved 2025-04-05.
- ^ "Ethnic Land Expansionism and Electoral Politics in Kenya: A Case Study of the Kikuyu of Central Province". books.google.ca. Institute of Policy Analysis and Research. 2004. Retrieved 2025-04-05.
- ^ "Believe It or Not". The Washington Herald. 1936. p. 19. Retrieved 2025-04-05.