KIR2DS4
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DS4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIR2DS4 gene.[3][4][5]
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins expressed by natural killer cells and subsets of T cells. The KIR genes are polymorphic and highly homologous and they are found in a cluster on chromosome 19q13.4 within the 1 Mb leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). The gene content of the KIR gene cluster varies among haplotypes, although several "framework" genes are found in all haplotypes (KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR3DL4, KIR3DL2). The KIR proteins are classified by the number of extracellular immunoglobulin domains (2D or 3D) and by whether they have a long (L) or short (S) cytoplasmic domain. KIR proteins with the long cytoplasmic domain transduce inhibitory signals upon ligand binding via an immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), while KIR proteins with the short cytoplasmic domain lack the ITIM motif and instead associate with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase (DAP12) binding protein to transduce activating signals. The ligands for several KIR proteins are subsets of HLA class I molecules; thus, KIR proteins are thought to play an important role in regulation of the immune response.[5]
KIR2DS4 is a product of a gene conversion with KIR3DL2.[6] KIR2DS4 has unusual HLA-I specificity binding some HLA-C allotypes and HLA-A*11.[6] A common allele of KIR2DS4 encodes a truncated version (KIR-1D) that has no HLA-I binding ability.[6][7] Recent evidence suggests KIR2DS4 detects HLA-C presented peptides in a peptide-specific manner, detecting peptides conserved in bacteria.[8][9][10]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c ENSG00000274406, ENSG00000277078, ENSG00000274807, ENSG00000275353, ENSG00000275731, ENSG00000273526, ENSG00000275351, ENSG00000274921, ENSG00000277345, ENSG00000276885, ENSG00000284408, ENSG00000274957, ENSG00000276154, ENSG00000284307, ENSG00000283779, ENSG00000274324, ENSG00000221957, ENSG00000274714, ENSG00000274533, ENSG00000276209, ENSG00000276634, ENSG00000276465, ENSG00000274947, ENSG00000283727, ENSG00000283846, ENSG00000276395, ENSG00000275938, ENSG00000284244, ENSG00000284264, ENSG00000283870, ENSG00000283882, ENSG00000276254 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000273931, ENSG00000274406, ENSG00000277078, ENSG00000274807, ENSG00000275353, ENSG00000275731, ENSG00000273526, ENSG00000275351, ENSG00000274921, ENSG00000277345, ENSG00000276885, ENSG00000284408, ENSG00000274957, ENSG00000276154, ENSG00000284307, ENSG00000283779, ENSG00000274324, ENSG00000221957, ENSG00000274714, ENSG00000274533, ENSG00000276209, ENSG00000276634, ENSG00000276465, ENSG00000274947, ENSG00000283727, ENSG00000283846, ENSG00000276395, ENSG00000275938, ENSG00000284244, ENSG00000284264, ENSG00000283870, ENSG00000283882, ENSG00000276254 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ Bottino C, Sivori S, Vitale M, Cantoni C, Falco M, Pende D, et al. (August 1996). "A novel surface molecule homologous to the p58/p50 family of receptors is selectively expressed on a subset of human natural killer cells and induces both triggering of cell functions and proliferation". European Journal of Immunology. 26 (8): 1816–1824. doi:10.1002/eji.1830260823. PMID 8765026. S2CID 23526107.
- ^ Wagtmann N, Biassoni R, Cantoni C, Verdiani S, Malnati MS, Vitale M, et al. (May 1995). "Molecular clones of the p58 NK cell receptor reveal immunoglobulin-related molecules with diversity in both the extra- and intracellular domains". Immunity. 2 (5): 439–449. doi:10.1016/1074-7613(95)90025-X. PMID 7749980.
- ^ a b "Entrez Gene: KIR2DS4 killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, two domains, short cytoplasmic tail, 4".
- ^ a b c Graef T, Moesta AK, Norman PJ, Abi-Rached L, Vago L, Older Aguilar AM, et al. (October 2009). "KIR2DS4 is a product of gene conversion with KIR3DL2 that introduced specificity for HLA-A*11 while diminishing avidity for HLA-C". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 206 (11): 2557–2572. doi:10.1084/jem.20091010. PMC 2768862. PMID 19858347.
- ^ Middleton D, Gonzalez A, Gilmore PM (February 2007). "Studies on the expression of the deleted KIR2DS4*003 gene product and distribution of KIR2DS4 deleted and nondeleted versions in different populations". Human Immunology. 68 (2): 128–134. doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2006.12.007. PMID 17321903.
- ^ Sim MJ, Rajagopalan S, Altmann DM, Boyton RJ, Sun PD, Long EO (June 2019). "Human NK cell receptor KIR2DS4 detects a conserved bacterial epitope presented by HLA-C". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 116 (26): 12964–12973. Bibcode:2019PNAS..11612964S. doi:10.1073/pnas.1903781116. PMC 6601252. PMID 31138701.
- ^ Parham P (June 2019). "A natural killer cell receptor takes sharp aim at the world of bacteria". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 116 (26): 12601–12603. Bibcode:2019PNAS..11612601P. doi:10.1073/pnas.1907937116. PMC 6601266. PMID 31175150.
- ^ Sim MJ, Brennan P, Wahl KL, Lu J, Rajagopalan S, Sun PD, et al. (September 2023). "Innate receptors with high specificity for HLA class I-peptide complexes". Science Immunology. 8 (87): eadh1781. doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.adh1781. PMID 37683038.
Further reading
[edit]- Döhring C, Samaridis J, Colonna M (1996). "Alternatively spliced forms of human killer inhibitory receptors". Immunogenetics. 44 (3): 227–230. doi:10.1007/BF02602590. PMID 8662091. S2CID 38478576.
- Kim J, Chwae YJ, Kim MY, Choi IH, Park JH, Kim SJ (October 1997). "Molecular basis of HLA-C recognition by p58 natural killer cell inhibitory receptors". Journal of Immunology. 159 (8): 3875–3882. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.159.8.3875. PMID 9378975. S2CID 21878260.
- Campbell KS, Cella M, Carretero M, López-Botet M, Colonna M (February 1998). "Signaling through human killer cell activating receptors triggers tyrosine phosphorylation of an associated protein complex". European Journal of Immunology. 28 (2): 599–609. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-4141(199802)28:02<599::AID-IMMU599>3.0.CO;2-F. PMID 9521070. S2CID 20705491.
- Chwae YJ, Cho SE, Kim SJ, Kim J (June 1999). "Diversity of the repertoire of p58 killer cell inhibitory receptors in a single individual". Immunology Letters. 68 (2–3): 267–274. doi:10.1016/S0165-2478(99)00062-0. PMID 10424431.
- Fan QR, Long EO, Wiley DC (August 2000). "Cobalt-mediated dimerization of the human natural killer cell inhibitory receptor". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 (31): 23700–23706. doi:10.1074/jbc.M003318200. PMID 10816589.
- Rajalingam R, Gardiner CM, Canavez F, Vilches C, Parham P (January 2001). "Identification of seventeen novel KIR variants: fourteen of them from two non-Caucasian donors". Tissue Antigens. 57 (1): 22–31. doi:10.1034/j.1399-0039.2001.057001022.x. PMID 11169255.
- Katz G, Markel G, Mizrahi S, Arnon TI, Mandelboim O (June 2001). "Recognition of HLA-Cw4 but not HLA-Cw6 by the NK cell receptor killer cell Ig-like receptor two-domain short tail number 4". Journal of Immunology. 166 (12): 7260–7267. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.166.12.7260. PMID 11390475.
- Hsu KC, Liu XR, Selvakumar A, Mickelson E, O'Reilly RJ, Dupont B (November 2002). "Killer Ig-like receptor haplotype analysis by gene content: evidence for genomic diversity with a minimum of six basic framework haplotypes, each with multiple subsets". Journal of Immunology. 169 (9): 5118–5129. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.169.9.5118. PMID 12391228.
- Maxwell LD, Wallace A, Middleton D, Curran MD (September 2002). "A common KIR2DS4 deletion variant in the human that predicts a soluble KIR molecule analogous to the KIR1D molecule observed in the rhesus monkey". Tissue Antigens. 60 (3): 254–258. doi:10.1034/j.1399-0039.2002.600307.x. PMID 12445308.
- Artavanis-Tsakonas K, Eleme K, McQueen KL, Cheng NW, Parham P, Davis DM, et al. (November 2003). "Activation of a subset of human NK cells upon contact with Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes". Journal of Immunology. 171 (10): 5396–5405. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.171.10.5396. PMID 14607943.
- Maxwell LD, Williams F, Gilmore P, Meenagh A, Middleton D (June 2004). "Investigation of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor gene diversity: II. KIR2DS4". Human Immunology. 65 (6): 613–621. doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2004.02.028. PMID 15219381.
- Katz G, Gazit R, Arnon TI, Gonen-Gross T, Tarcic G, Markel G, et al. (August 2004). "MHC class I-independent recognition of NK-activating receptor KIR2DS4". Journal of Immunology. 173 (3): 1819–1825. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.173.3.1819. PMID 15265913.
- Yen JH, Lin CH, Tsai WC, Wu CC, Ou TT, Hu CJ, et al. (2006). "Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor gene's repertoire in rheumatoid arthritis". Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology. 35 (2): 124–127. doi:10.1080/03009740500381252. PMID 16641046. S2CID 29445959.
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