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Tornado outbreak of June 8–10, 1974

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Tornado outbreak of June 8–10, 1974
The only known view of the Emporia F4
Tornado outbreak
Tornadoes42
Maximum ratingF4 tornado
DurationJune 8–10, 1974
Overall effects
Fatalities21
Injuries479
Damage$66,067,780 ($421,240,000 in 2025 USD)[note 1][1]
Areas affectedMidwestern and Southern United States
Part of the tornado outbreaks of 1974

From June 8–10, 1974, a significant tornado outbreak affected portions of the southern Great Plains and the Upper Midwest.[note 2] The outbreak produced 42 tornadoes, at least 24 of them significant or intense, and is the second-deadliest June tornado event in Oklahoma history, with 16 deaths reported in the state, second only to the 35 people killed by an F4 tornado on June 12, 1942, in Oklahoma City.[3] The deadliest tornado of the outbreak was a powerful F4 that struck the town of Drumright in Oklahoma, killing 14 people, 12 of whom were killed at Drumright. Another deadly and destructive F4 tornado struck the town of Emporia in Kansas, killing six more people. The outbreak also produced two F3 tornadoes in the Tulsa metropolitan area that, combined with flooding, produced the costliest natural disaster in that city's history up to that time—a disaster worth $30,000,000 (1974 USD). Tornadoes hit Oklahoma City five times, a single-day record for the city as of 2010.[4]

Confirmed tornadoes

[edit]
Confirmed tornadoes by Fujita rating
FU F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 Total
2 13 16 13 9 2 0 42
  • In addition to confirmed tornadoes, a possible tornado occurred at 8:15 p.m. CST (02:15 UTC) approximately 5 mi (8.0 km) south of Cullison in Kansas, producing intermittent damage, but is not officially listed as a tornado.[5]

Prior to 1990, there is a likely undercount of tornadoes, particularly E/F0–1, with reports of weaker tornadoes becoming more common as population increased. A sharp increase in the annual average E/F0–1 count by approximately 200 tornadoes was noted upon the implementation of NEXRAD Doppler weather radar in 1990–1991.[6][note 3] 1974 marked the first year where significant tornado (E/F2+) counts became homogenous with contemporary values, attributed to the consistent implementation of Fujita scale assessments.[10][note 4] Numerous discrepancies on the details of tornadoes in this outbreak exist between sources. The total count of tornadoes and ratings differs from various agencies accordingly. The list below documents information from the most contemporary official sources alongside assessments from tornado historian Thomas P. Grazulis.


June 8 event

[edit]
List of confirmed tornadoes – Saturday, June 8, 1974
F#[note 4] Location County / Parish State Start Coord.[note 5] Time (UTC)[note 6] Path length Width[note 7] Damage[note 8]
F3 Southwestern Oklahoma City (1st tornado) to W of Forest Park Oklahoma OK 35°24′N 97°36′W / 35.4°N 97.6°W / 35.4; -97.6 (Oklahoma City #1 (June 8, F3)) 19:42–? 8.9 mi (14.3 km) 250 yd (230 m) $2,500,000
This tornado formed over Will Rogers World Airport, just feet from a National Weather Service (NWS) office. As it did so, a gas leak forced NWS officials to vacate the office and transfer duties to the NWS in Tulsa. The tornado then unroofed a hangar before hitting the NWS office and damaging 672 homes, 42 of them severely. It also destroyed a few trailers, five small businesses, and 11 homes. 14 minor injuries were reported.[20][21][22][5][23]
F2 Northern Spencer to western Jones Oklahoma OK 35°31′N 97°22′W / 35.52°N 97.37°W / 35.52; -97.37 (Spencer #1 (June 8, F2)) 20:11–? 4.5 mi (7.2 km) 50 yd (46 m) $25,000
This tornado damaged several small businesses, farms, and power lines. According to Grazulis, an unoccupied two-story home was "leveled", suggesting F4 intensity, but may have been poorly built.[21][5][24]
F3 NNE of Spencer to S of Luther Oklahoma OK 35°33′N 97°21′W / 35.55°N 97.35°W / 35.55; -97.35 (Spencer #2 (June 8, F3)) 20:18–? 10.2 mi (16.4 km) 600 yd (550 m) $2,500
This tornado downed a quartet of steel transmission towers, all able to survive 150-mile-per-hour (240 km/h) winds.[21][5][25]
F1 NNE of Breckinridge Garfield OK 36°28′N 97°42′W / 36.47°N 97.7°W / 36.47; -97.7 (Breckinridge (June 8, F1)) 20:30–? 0.2 mi (0.32 km) 23 yd (21 m) $25,000
A tornado hit a small farm, felling trees and damaging sheds.[5][26]
F0 SW of Leon to NNW of Latham Butler KS 37°40′N 96°48′W / 37.67°N 96.8°W / 37.67; -96.8 (Leon (June 8, F0)) 21:15–? 11.4 mi (18.3 km) 200 yd (180 m) Un­known
A tornado damaged wheat fields.[27][28]
F0 S of Lyons to WNW of Mitchell Rice KS 38°20′N 98°12′W / 38.33°N 98.2°W / 38.33; -98.2 (Lyons (June 8, F0)) 21:30–? 5.2 mi (8.4 km) 100 yd (91 m) $2,500
Only fences and trees were damaged.[27][29]
F1 Southwestern Oklahoma City (2nd tornado) Oklahoma OK 35°24′N 97°34′W / 35.4°N 97.57°W / 35.4; -97.57 (Oklahoma City #2 (June 8, F1)) 21:35–? 2.5 mi (4.0 km) 100 yd (91 m) $25,000
A tornado did mostly modest damage to trees and roofs.[5][30]
F3 ESE of Nicoma Park to N of Harrah Oklahoma OK 35°29′N 97°18′W / 35.48°N 97.3°W / 35.48; -97.3 (Nicoma Park (June 8, F3)) 21:48–? 9 mi (14 km) 127 yd (116 m) $25,000
This tornado destroyed or damaged utilities and farms. Power poles, outbuildings, and an Oklahoma Gas & Electric plant were impacted.[21][5][31]
F0 Flora Clay IL 38°40′N 88°29′W / 38.67°N 88.48°W / 38.67; -88.48 (Flora (June 8, F0)) 21:50–? 0.1 mi (0.16 km) 33 yd (30 m) Un­known
Observers spotted a brief tornado, but did not report any damage.[32][33]
F4 SW of Drumright to Olive to NW of Skiatook Payne, Creek, Pawnee, Osage OK 35°57′N 96°39′W / 35.95°N 96.65°W / 35.95; -96.65 (Drumright (June 8, F4)) 21:55–? 55 mi (89 km) 400 yd (370 m) $3,500,000
14 deaths – This violent tornado first hit a school in the Oak Grove community, then impacted northwestern Drumright, claiming half a dozen lives in a nursing home. Sirens sounded in time, but barely, though more deaths might have occurred had the tornado hit minutes later, when the dining hall was crowded. Across Drumright the tornado badly damaged or destroyed 100 homes—many of them costly and sturdy—killing six more people and leaving about 1,000 homeless. At Olive it caused another death, partly destroying a school and wrecking a pair of trailers; it leveled many frame homes there as well. On Lake Keystone it damaged a pier, and destroyed more trailers nearby, mortally injuring a woman. The tornado then damaged some brick homes before dissipating. 150 people were injured.[20][34][35][5][36][37][38]
F0 SW of Carmi White IL 38°03′N 88°12′W / 38.05°N 88.20°W / 38.05; -88.20 (Carmi (June 8, F0)) 21:55–? 0.1 mi (0.16 km) 33 yd (30 m) Un­known
No damage occurred.[32][39]
F3 SW of Davenport to Stroud Lincoln OK 35°41′N 96°48′W / 35.68°N 96.8°W / 35.68; -96.8 (Davenport #1 (June 8, F3)) 22:46–? 6.8 mi (10.9 km) 1,300 yd (1,200 m) $2,500,000
A tornado struck Davenport and Stroud, causing severe damage. In Davenport it badly damaged or destroyed 27 homes and slightly damaged 233 others. In Stroud it damaged a couple of businesses and 100 homes, while destroying a service station. Eight people were injured, half of them by airborne glass.[40][5][41]
F1 N of Davenport Lincoln OK 35°40′N 96°46′W / 35.67°N 96.77°W / 35.67; -96.77 (Davenport #2 (June 8, F1)) 22:55–? 1.5 mi (2.4 km) 50 yd (46 m) $250
This tornado slightly damaged a pair of outbuildings.[5][42]
F4 Northwestern Emporia to SW of Auburn Lyon, Osage, Shawnee KS 38°25′N 96°13′W / 38.42°N 96.22°W / 38.42; -96.22 (Emporia (June 8, F4)) 23:00–00:04 37.5 mi (60.4 km) 880 yd (800 m) $50,000,000
6 deaths – A large, violent tornado—occasionally up to 1⁄2 mi (0.80 km) wide—hit Emporia, where it badly damaged or destroyed the Flint Hills Shopping Center, homes, apartments, trailers, and a nursing home. The tornado wrecked all 20 shops in the center, where 75 or more cars were thrown and mangled. Five of the six deaths, along with most of the injuries, occurred in a sprawling trailer park, while the sixth took place in an apartment complex. F4 damage affected portions of Emporia, and 80 hospitalizations were reported. Beyond Emporia, the tornado continued intermittently, destroying 10 or more farms. Estimates of the injured ranged from 177 to 220, with Storm Data listing 200.[34][40][43][44][45][46][47]
F2 NNW of Stroud Lincoln OK 35°46′N 96°41′W / 35.77°N 96.68°W / 35.77; -96.68 (Stroud (June 8, F)) 23:03–? 4.5 mi (7.2 km) 1,000 yd (910 m) $25,000
This tornado destroyed some barns, while damaging outbuildings and farmhouses.[40][5][48]
F0 N of Grenola Elk KS 37°28′N 96°27′W / 37.47°N 96.45°W / 37.47; -96.45 (Grenola (June 8, F0)) 23:10–? 0.1 mi (0.16 km) 100 yd (91 m) Un­known
No damage was observed.[43][49]
F3 ENE of Sparks Lincoln OK 35°37′N 96°44′W / 35.62°N 96.73°W / 35.62; -96.73 (Sparks (June 8, F3)) 23:20–? 2.5 mi (4.0 km) 350 yd (320 m) $25,000
A short-lived tornado wrecked trailers and barns, while damaging trees and outbuildings.[40][5][50]
F2 SSW of Bellvue to WSW of Heyburn Creek OK 35°52′N 96°24′W / 35.87°N 96.4°W / 35.87; -96.4 (Bellvue (June 8, F2)) 23:35–? 4.3 mi (6.9 km) 100 yd (91 m) $25,000
According to Storm Data, a narrow tornado damaged outbuildings and "two or three" barns. Grazulis did not rate it F2 or stronger.[40][5][51]
F2 NNW of Owasso to N of Collinsville Tulsa OK 36°20′N 95°53′W / 36.33°N 95.88°W / 36.33; -95.88 (Owasso (June 8, F2)) 23:40–? 5.4 mi (8.7 km) 60 yd (55 m) $25,000
This tornado damaged a pair of farms. Grazulis did not rate it F2 or stronger.[40][5][52]
F2 NNE of Earlsboro to Little to NW of Sylvian Seminole OK 35°18′N 96°47′W / 35.3°N 96.78°W / 35.3; -96.78 (Earlsboro (June 8, F2)) 23:45–? 11.8 mi (19.0 km) 450 yd (410 m) $2,500,000
This tornado extensively damaged several homes and a school. It destroyed half a dozen other homes as well, while killing a cow and four horses. Grazulis rated it F3.[40][5][53]
F3 W of Tulsa to W of Vinita Tulsa, Rogers, Mayes, Craig OK 36°00′N 96°06′W / 36°N 96.1°W / 36; -96.1 (Tulsa (June 8, F3)) 23:50–? 45 mi (72 km) 100 yd (91 m) Un­known
1 death – One of two major tornadoes to hit metropolitan Tulsa, this tornado tracked east-northeast through town, hitting the Brookside and other neighborhoods. As it did so, it fatally injured a girl and caused "considerable damage", according to NWS Tulsa. Leaving Tulsa, it damaged areas in or near Catoosa, Claremore, and Big Cabin before dissipating. 80 people were injured. Some sources list path lengths of 50 to 64 mi (80 to 103 km) and a second death, but the latter was flood-related. Prolific rainfall, along with flash floods, attended this and the next tornado, causing one of Tulsa's "worst natural disasters" to date, Grazulis noted.[20][40][5][54][55][56]
F3 W of Sapulpa to S of Sportsman Acres Creek, Tulsa, Wagoner, Rogers, Mayes OK 35°59′N 96°00′W / 35.98°N 96°W / 35.98; -96 (Sapulpa (June 8, F3)) 23:50–? 49 mi (79 km) 100 yd (91 m) Un­known
The second F3 Tulsa twister extensively damaged Oral Roberts University (ORU) as it tracked northeast, generating winds of 100 kn (120 mph; 190 km/h) "for several minutes" at Tulsa Riverside Airport, Storm Data reported. At ORU the tornado destroyed a pair of unfinished buildings and damaged a few dormitory roofs. It also unroofed homes in the Park Player, Southridge Estates, and Walnut Creek subdivisions. Beyond Tulsa, it damaged the towns of Broken Arrow, Inola, and Chouteau before dissipating. 42 people were injured. This and the previous event combined with flooding to produce $30 million in losses. Both Tulsa F3s damaged about 300 homes and numerous businesses, leaving more than 1,500 Tulsa residents homeless.[20][40][5][57][58][59]
F3 WSW of Keokuk Falls to NNW of Tuskegee Seminole, Okfuskee OK 35°24′N 96°41′W / 35.4°N 96.68°W / 35.4; -96.68 (Keokuk Falls (June 8, F3)) 00:05–? 29.9 mi (48.1 km) 1,300 yd (1,200 m) $250,000
An intense tornado destroyed many farmhouses, ending south-southwest of Slick.[40][5][60][61]
F2 S of Newalla Pottawatomie OK 35°20′N 97°09′W / 35.33°N 97.15°W / 35.33; -97.15 (Newalla (June 8, F)) 00:50–? 2 mi (3.2 km) 800 yd (730 m) $25,000
This tornado damaged outbuildings and destroyed a trailer.[40][5][62]
F0 NNW of Oreana Macon IL 39°59′N 88°53′W / 39.98°N 88.88°W / 39.98; -88.88 ((June 8, F)) 00:55–? 0.1 mi (0.16 km) 33 yd (30 m) Un­known
Forming near Argenta, this brief tornado did no damage.[32][63]
F0 WNW of Stanberry Gentry MO 40°13′N 94°33′W / 40.22°N 94.55°W / 40.22; -94.55 (Stanberry (June 8, F)) 01:00–? 0.1 mi (0.16 km) 33 yd (30 m) $25,000
A short-lived tornado pulled up roof shingles.[64][65]
F2 WSW of Kiefer to NNE of Bixby Creek, Tulsa OK 35°55′N 96°07′W / 35.92°N 96.12°W / 35.92; -96.12 (Kiefer (June 8, F)) 01:30–? 14.4 mi (23.2 km) 100 yd (91 m) $250,000
This tornado extensively damaged farms, destroying buildings.[40][5][66]
F0 S of Beulah to SW of Radley Crawford KS 37°25′N 94°50′W / 37.42°N 94.83°W / 37.42; -94.83 (Girard (June 8, F)) 02:00–? 4.3 mi (6.9 km) 200 yd (180 m) Un­known
Power lines and trees were damaged.[43][67]
F3 SSE of Eucha Delaware OK 36°22′N 94°54′W / 36.37°N 94.9°W / 36.37; -94.9 (Eucha (June 8, F)) 03:14–? 2.7 mi (4.3 km) 150 yd (140 m) $250,000
According to Storm Data, this tornado extensively damaged bridges and roads. It also hurled a pair of houseboats, while unroofing and destroying many homes. Grazulis rated it F2, but noted "near-F3" damage to a brick home.[40][5][68]
F1 Neosho Newton MO 36°51′N 94°24′W / 36.85°N 94.4°W / 36.85; -94.4 (Neosho (June 8, F1)) 03:30–? 1 mi (1.6 km) 150 yd (140 m) $150,000
Half the city was left powerless.[64][69]
F2 W of Bernice Craig OK 36°36′N 95°00′W / 36.6°N 95°W / 36.6; -95 (Bernice (June 8, F2)) 03:30–? 3.8 mi (6.1 km) 100 yd (91 m) $2,500,000
This tornado hit trees, roofs, and utility poles, doing significant damage. A rural electric association plant incurred a loss of $100,000. Grauzlis listed a path length of 10 mi (16 km), starting near Ketchum and ending near Grove.[40][70][71]
F0 Sarcoxie Jasper MO 37°04′N 94°07′W / 37.07°N 94.12°W / 37.07; -94.12 (Sarcoxie (June 8, F0)) 03:40–? 0.1 mi (0.16 km) 33 yd (30 m) $25,000
Only a brief touchdown occurred.[64][72]
F1 WSW of Diamond Newton MO 36°54′N 94°20′W / 36.9°N 94.33°W / 36.9; -94.33 (Diamond (June 8, F1)) 03:40–? 2 mi (3.2 km) 50 yd (46 m) Un­known
This tornado hit the George Washington Carver National Monument, felling 200 trees.[64][73]
F1 W of Graham to WNW of Arkoe Nodaway MO 40°12′N 95°03′W / 40.2°N 95.05°W / 40.2; -95.05 (Graham (June 8, F1)) 04:00–? 10.1 mi (16.3 km) 400 yd (370 m) $25,000
This tornado uprooted trees and badly damaged a farm, dissipating south of Maryville.[64][74]
F1 SSE of Indianola Pittsburg OK 35°07′N 95°45′W / 35.12°N 95.75°W / 35.12; -95.75 (Bugtussle (June 8, F1)) 04:24–? 1 mi (1.6 km) 67 mi (108 km) Un­known
No damage occurred. The tornado may have hit north of Bugtussle.[70][75]

June 9 event

[edit]
List of confirmed tornadoes – Sunday, June 9, 1974
F#[note 4] Location County / Parish State Start Coord.[note 5] Time (UTC)[note 6] Path length Width[note 7] Damage[note 8]
F2 Sarepta to Porterville Webster LA 32°54′N 93°27′W / 32.9°N 93.45°W / 32.9; -93.45 (Sarepta (June 9, F2)) 16:05–? 4.5 mi (7.2 km) 100 yd (91 m) $250,000
This tornado unroofed a lumber company and damaged over 12 homes. Grauzlis did not rate it F2 or stronger.[40][70][76]
F1 E of Dakota City Humboldt IA 42°43′N 94°08′W / 42.72°N 94.13°W / 42.72; -94.13 (Dakota City (June 9, F1)) 17:30–? 2 mi (3.2 km) 100 yd (91 m) $250,000
This tornado damaged a few farms.[77][78]
F2 W of Wesley Kossuth IA 43°05′N 94°01′W / 43.08°N 94.02°W / 43.08; -94.02 (Wesley (June 9, F2)) 19:30–? 0.1 mi (0.16 km) 33 yd (30 m) $250,000
A low-end F2 tornado destroyed garages and a barn. It also damaged four farms and almost unroofed three homes. Grauzlis listed a 5-mile (8.0 km) path length.[40][77][79]
F1 Southeastern Leola Adams WI 44°10′N 89°36′W / 44.17°N 89.6°W / 44.17; -89.6 (Leola (June 9, F1)) 20:30–? 1 mi (1.6 km) 50 yd (46 m) $25,000
This tornado damaged three homes, while destroying outbuildings and a barn.[80][81]
F1 NNW of Bancroft Portage WI 44°19′N 89°31′W / 44.32°N 89.52°W / 44.32; -89.52 (Bancroft (June 9, F1)) 20:45–? 2.5 mi (4.0 km) 30 yd (27 m) $2,500
This tornado slightly damaged trees. It also damaged a porch, barn, and chicken coop.[80][82]
F1 Northwestern Rochester Olmsted MN 44°05′N 92°32′W / 44.08°N 92.53°W / 44.08; -92.53 (Rochester (June 9, F1)) 20:57–? 0.1 mi (0.16 km) 10 yd (9.1 m) $2,500
This tornado unroofed 2,500 sq ft (230 m2) of an IBM plant. It also tipped a trailer onto its side and bent a large sign.[83][84]
F1 Eastern Seymour to SSW of Cadott Eau Claire, Chippewa WI 44°51′N 91°14′W / 44.85°N 91.23°W / 44.85; -91.23 ((June 9, F1)) 22:45–? 3.3 mi (5.3 km) 50 yd (46 m) $2,500
This tornado felled trees, while slightly damaging a shed, corn crib, and garage.[80][85]
FU Oak Forest Cook IL Un­known 22:55–? Un­known Un­known Un­known
Minor damage occurred.[86]
F0 Northeastern Peoria Peoria IL 40°43′N 89°35′W / 40.72°N 89.58°W / 40.72; -89.58 (Peoria (June 9, F0)) 23:15–? 0.1 mi (0.16 km) 33 yd (30 m) Un­known
Minor damage occurred. The NCEI incorrectly list the date as June 8, but Storm Data indicates June 9.[32][87]
F1 S of Sleepy Hollow Kane IL 42°05′N 88°18′W / 42.08°N 88.3°W / 42.08; -88.3 (Sleepy Hollow (June 9, F1)) 00:40–? 0.1 mi (0.16 km) 33 yd (30 m) Un­known
Little or no damage occurred, other than to power lines and trees.[32][86]
F0 NE of Somers Kenosha WI 42°39′N 87°54′W / 42.65°N 87.9°W / 42.65; -87.9 (Somers (June 9, F1)) 00:55–? 2 mi (3.2 km) 50 yd (46 m) $250,000
A brief tornado caused much tree damage and tore the roof off a barn, hurling it into a steel shed; both structures incurred severe damage, along with machinery. The tornado injured livestock as well.[80][88]
F2 Big Rapids Mecosta MI 43°42′N 85°29′W / 43.7°N 85.48°W / 43.7; -85.48 (Big Rapids (June 9, F2)) 01:10–? 1.5 mi (2.4 km) 100 yd (91 m) $250,000
A strong tornado hit Ferris State University (then College), tearing loose a wall and smashing windows. It then shifted a nearby home off its foundation, while damaging the windows and roof of a gym at Riverview Elementary School. Several other homes received similar wall and roof damage, while a trailer was wrecked. Two injuries occurred.[40][89][90]
F1 Bradley Kankakee IL 41°08′N 87°52′W / 41.13°N 87.87°W / 41.13; -87.87 (Kankakee (June 9, F1)) 01:44–? 0.1 mi (0.16 km) 10 yd (9.1 m) Un­known
A brief tornado damaged power lines.[32][91]
FU Markham Cook IL Un­known 02:17–? Un­known Un­known Un­known
Minor damage occurred.[86]

June 10 event

[edit]
List of confirmed tornadoes – Monday, June 10, 1974
F#[note 4] Location County / Parish State Start Coord.[note 5] Time (UTC)[note 6] Path length Width[note 7] Damage[note 8]
F2 Higgins Lake Roscommon MI 44°28′N 84°44′W / 44.47°N 84.73°W / 44.47; -84.73 (Higgins Lake (June 9, F2)) 06:01–? 0.3 mi (0.48 km) 50 yd (46 m) $2,500
A strong tornado ripped apart 2-to-3-foot-diameter (0.61 to 0.91 m) trees, but only slightly damaged buildings. Grazulis did not rate it F2 or stronger.[40][89][92]
F1 Harrison City Westmoreland PA 40°24′N 79°35′W / 40.4°N 79.58°W / 40.4; -79.58 (Harrison City (June 10, F1)) 20:45–? 0.4 mi (0.64 km) 133 yd (122 m) $30
This tornado felled utility poles and trees, while blowing off roof shingles. It also damaged trailers and other homes.[70][93]
F0 Dover Hillsborough FL 27°50′N 82°13′W / 27.83°N 82.22°W / 27.83; -82.22 (Dover (June 10, F1)) 20:45–? 0.1 mi (0.16 km) 10 yd (9.1 m) $2,500
This tornado mostly caused minor roof and other damage, but destroyed some utility sheds.[94][95]
F0 SSE of Barnard to W of Huffton Brown SD 45°43′N 98°29′W / 45.72°N 98.48°W / 45.72; -98.48 (Barnard (June 10, F0)) 22:30–? 15 mi (24 km) 100 yd (91 m) Un­known
This tornado only hit open country.[96][97]
F2 W of Coats Pratt KS 37°31′N 98°54′W / 37.52°N 98.9°W / 37.52; -98.9 (Coats (June 10, F2)) 02:15–? 1 mi (1.6 km) 50 yd (46 m) $25,000
This tornado wrecked three grain bins and damaged several buildings. Grazulis did not rate it F2 or stronger.[40][43][98]
F1 Southeastern Carmel Hamilton IN 39°58′N 86°06′W / 39.97°N 86.1°W / 39.97; -86.1 (Carmel (June 10, F1)) 02:55–? 1.5 mi (2.4 km) 150 yd (140 m) $25,000
This tornado formed in a cold airmass. Other information is unavailable.[99][100]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ All losses are in 1974 USD unless otherwise noted.
  2. ^ An outbreak is generally defined as a group of at least six tornadoes (the number sometimes varies slightly according to local climatology) with no more than a six-hour gap between individual tornadoes. An outbreak sequence, prior to (after) the start of modern records in 1950, is defined as a period of no more than two (one) consecutive days without at least one significant (F2 or stronger) tornado.[2]
  3. ^ Historically, the number of tornadoes globally and in the United States was and is likely underrepresented: research by Grazulis on annual tornado activity suggests that, as of 2001, only 53% of yearly U.S. tornadoes were officially recorded. Documentation of tornadoes outside the United States was historically less exhaustive, owing to the lack of monitors in many nations and, in some cases, to internal political controls on public information.[7] Most countries only recorded tornadoes that produced severe damage or loss of life.[8] Significant low biases in U.S. tornado counts likely occurred through the early 1990s, when advanced NEXRAD was first installed and the National Weather Service began comprehensively verifying tornado occurrences.[9]
  4. ^ a b c d The Fujita scale was devised under the aegis of scientist T. Theodore Fujita in the early 1970s. Prior to the advent of the scale in 1971, tornadoes in the United States were officially unrated.[11][12] Tornado ratings were retroactively applied to events prior to the formal adoption of the F-scale by the National Weather Service.[13] While the Fujita scale has been superseded by the Enhanced Fujita scale in the U.S. since February 1, 2007,[14] Canada used the old scale until April 1, 2013;[15] nations elsewhere, like the United Kingdom, apply other classifications such as the TORRO scale.[16]
  5. ^ a b c All starting coordinates are based on the NCEI database and may not reflect contemporary analyses
  6. ^ a b c All dates are based on the local time zone where the tornado touched down; however, all times are in Coordinated Universal Time and dates are split at midnight CST/CDT for consistency.
  7. ^ a b c The listed width values are primarily the average/mean width of the tornadoes, with those having known maximum widths denoted by ♯. From 1952 to 1994, reports largely list mean width whereas contemporary years list maximum width.[17] Values provided by Grazulis are the average width, with estimates being rounded down (i.e. 0.5 mi (0.80 km) is rounded down from 880 yards to 800 yards.[18][19]
  8. ^ a b c The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Storm Data publication does not list exact damage totals for every event, instead giving damage categories. As such, damage for individual tornadoes is not comprehensive.

References

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  1. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, Events reported
  2. ^ Schneider, Russell S.; Brooks, Harold E.; Schaefer, Joseph T. (2004). Tornado Outbreak Day Sequences: Historic Events and Climatology (1875–2003) (PDF). 22nd Conf. Severe Local Storms. Hyannis, Massachusetts: American Meteorological Society. Retrieved September 17, 2019.
  3. ^ OUN Webmaster. "Top Ten Deadliest Oklahoma Tornadoes (1882-Present)". Norman, Oklahoma: National Weather Service. Retrieved April 7, 2025.
  4. ^ Smith 2010, p. 129.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Storm Data 1974, p. 19.
  6. ^ Agee and Childs 2014, p. 1496.
  7. ^ Grazulis 2001a, pp. 251–4.
  8. ^ Edwards, Roger (March 5, 2015). "The Online Tornado FAQ (by Roger Edwards, SPC)". Storm Prediction Center: Frequently Asked Questions about Tornadoes. Storm Prediction Center. Retrieved February 25, 2016.
  9. ^ Cook & Schaefer 2008, p. 3135.
  10. ^ Agee and Childs 2014, pp. 1497, 1503.
  11. ^ Grazulis 1993, p. 141.
  12. ^ Grazulis 2001a, p. 131.
  13. ^ Edwards et al. 2013, p. 641–642.
  14. ^ Edwards, Roger (March 5, 2015). "Enhanced F Scale for Tornado Damage". The Online Tornado FAQ (by Roger Edwards, SPC). Storm Prediction Center. Retrieved February 25, 2016.
  15. ^ "Enhanced Fujita Scale (EF-Scale)". Environment and Climate Change Canada. Environment and Climate Change Canada. June 6, 2013. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved February 25, 2016.
  16. ^ "The International Tornado Intensity Scale". Tornado and Storm Research Organisation. Tornado and Storm Research Organisation. 2016. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved February 25, 2016.
  17. ^ Agee and Childs 2014, p. 1494.
  18. ^ Brooks 2004, p. 310.
  19. ^ Grazulis 1990, p. ix.
  20. ^ a b c d Multiple sources:
  21. ^ a b c d Grazulis 1993, p. 1165.
  22. ^ Smith 2010, p. 127.
  23. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10092941
  24. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10092942
  25. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10092943
  26. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10092944
  27. ^ a b Storm Data 1974, p. 11.
  28. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10021974
  29. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10021975
  30. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10092945
  31. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10092946
  32. ^ a b c d e f Storm Data 1974, p. 6.
  33. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10010189
  34. ^ a b Grazulis 1984, p. A-88.
  35. ^ Grazulis 1993, pp. 1165–6.
  36. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10092947
  37. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10092949
  38. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10092950
  39. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10010190
  40. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Grazulis 1993, p. 1166.
  41. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10092951
  42. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10092952
  43. ^ a b c d Storm Data 1974, p. 12.
  44. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10021981
  45. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10021983
  46. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10021984
  47. ^ "Storms in 3 States Leave a Toll of 16, Hundreds Injured". New York Times. Vol. 123, no. 42505. New York City. United Press International. June 9, 1974. p. 117. ProQuest 119889083 – via ProQuest.
  48. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10092953
  49. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10021979
  50. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10092954
  51. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10092955
  52. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10092956
  53. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10092957
  54. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10092958
  55. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10092962
  56. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10092967
  57. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10092959
  58. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10092963
  59. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10092968
  60. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10092961
  61. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10092964
  62. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10092966
  63. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10010192
  64. ^ a b c d e Storm Data 1974, p. 15.
  65. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10060267
  66. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10092969
  67. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10021985
  68. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10092973
  69. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10060270
  70. ^ a b c d Storm Data 1974, p. 20.
  71. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10092974
  72. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10060272
  73. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10060273
  74. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10060279
  75. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10092975
  76. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10036136
  77. ^ a b Storm Data 1974, p. 10.
  78. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10012247
  79. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10012248
  80. ^ a b c d Storm Data 1974, p. 24.
  81. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10148181
  82. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10148182
  83. ^ Storm Data 1974, p. 14.
  84. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10052431
  85. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10010214
  86. ^ a b c Storm Data Publication 1974, #10010214
  87. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10010191
  88. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10148188
  89. ^ a b Storm Data 1974, p. 13.
  90. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10039695
  91. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10010215
  92. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10039697
  93. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10117921
  94. ^ Storm Data 1974, p. 4.
  95. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #9998323
  96. ^ Storm Data 1974, p. 21.
  97. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10113536
  98. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10021990
  99. ^ Storm Data 1974, p. 9.
  100. ^ Storm Data Publication 1974, #10016514

Sources

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