Jean-Mohammed Abd-el-Jalil
Jean-Mohammed Abd-el-Jalil | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Church | Catholic Church |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 7 July 1935 |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Mohammed ben Abd-el-Jalil 17 April 1904 |
| Died | 24 November 1979 Villejuif, Paris, France |
Jean-Mohammed Abd-el-Jalil, O.F.M., born Mohammed ben Abd-el-Jalil (Arabic: جون محمد بن عبد الجليل) (17 April 1904 – 24 November 1979) was a Moroccan Catholic priest, a convert from Islam, and Islamicist. He is considered a pioneer of interreligious dialogue in the Catholic Church.[1]
Biography
[edit]Early life
[edit]Mohammed ben Abd-el-Jalil was born April 17, 1904, in Fez, Morocco.[2] He was born to a religious noble family of Andalusian descent, his father serving as a high-ranking government official. Abd-el-Jalil would later speak of his family being "poor and honorable."[3] He was one of ten children, of whom only three survived to adulthood. His brother, Omar, served as a minister of education and agriculture in newly independent Morocco.[4] At the age of nine years old in 1913 or 1914, Abd-el-Jalil would accompany his family on hajj.[5]
Education and Conversion to Christianity
[edit]Abd-el-Jalil received an Islamic education in Moulay Idriss Zerhoun and University of al-Qarawiyyin.[2] As a young Muslim, Abd-el-Jalil was a disciple of the teachings of the Egyptian Salafi modernist Muhammad Abduh.[6] He then received a Catholic secondary education at École Charles de Foucauld in Rabat, a Franciscan high school, with the insistence of his father that his son's religious identity be respected. The headmaster Clément Étienne took notice of his academic talents and recommended him for higher education in Paris.[5]Abd-el-Jalil was brought to the attention of Hubert Lyautey,[2] Resident-General of Morocco, and through him Étienne secured an education at the Sorbonne for Abd-el-Jalil and his brother Omar. In addition, Abd-el-Jalil received permission to take coursework at the Institut Catholique de Paris.[5]
Despite his firm anti-Christian beliefs, he sought to study with Catholic professors in Paris, encountering Louis Massignon, Jacques Maritain, and Maurice Blondel.[2][5] Moved by a mystical experience accompanying the family of his landlord to Midnight Mass and disquieted by apparent refutations of Islamic claims of textual corruption of the Bible, he began to investigate Christianity more seriously, initiating a correspondence with Paul Mulla, a Cretan Turkish priest and convert from Islam.[6] Abd-el-Jalil decided to convert to Catholicism, taking Louis Massignon as his godfather. On April 7, 1928, he was baptized Jean Clément Joseph Louis Mohammed after John the Baptist (mentioned in the Qur'an), Clément Étienne, Joseph (mentioned in the Qur'an), Louis Massignon, and – with explicit papal permission[7] – Muhammad.[8] His conversion permanently alienated him from his father, who held a funeral for him in an empty casket and ignored his frequent letters.[6][5] He then completed a critical edition of a text by Ayn al-Quzat Hamadani as his doctorate.[9]
Religious and Academic Life
[edit]On September 17, 1929, the feast of the stigmata of Francis of Assisi, Abd-el-Jalil entered the Order of Friars Minor. He would be ordained to the priesthood on July 7, 1935. His ordination card featured a calligraph of Quran 5:114, which speaks of Jesus bringing down a table from heaven to the disciples.[10] Appointed a professor at the Institut Catholique de Paris in 1936, he published several books on Arabic and Islamic studies as well as Christian-Muslim relations, and numerous articles. In 1961, Abd-el-Jalil suffered a nervous breakdown and fled from Paris on April 27 to be with his brother in Fez, having seemingly reverted to Islam and this being reported in the Moroccan press. Believing he had made a mistake, he returned to Paris by May 15, with the assistance of the Franciscan community in Morocco.[5]
Abd-el-Jalil retired from teaching in 1964, having been diagnosed with cancer of the tongue. Abd-el-Jalil's work had a significant influence on the Second Vatican Council and its positive reassessment of Islam. Abd-el-Jalil would be received in a private audience with Pope Paul VI in 1966. For the final fifteen years of his life, he was increasingly disabled and unable to participate in community life or public ministry, living as a virtual hermit. He died of his illness on November 24, 1979.[5]
Spirituality
[edit]Abd-el-Jalil was a member of the Badaliya prayer movement of Louis Massignon.[2]
Bibliography
[edit]- Shakwâ l-gharîb 'an al-awtân ilâ' 'ulamâ' al-buldân, de 'Ayn al Qudât al-Hamadânî (mort en 525/1131), éd. et trad. avec introd. et notes, par Mohammed ben Abd El-Jalil, Journal Asiatique (janv.-mars et avril-juin 1930), p. 1-297; Paris, Geuthner, 1933.
- Petite Anthologie Arabe, parue sous le titre al-Wajîz fî'l-adab al-'arabî, ronéotypé, Tunis, IBLA, 1938, 68 p.
- Le Maroc, brochure illustrée, Paris, Editions Franciscaines, 1942, 31 p.
- Brève histoire de la Littérature Arabe, Paris, P.-G. Maisonneuve, 1943 n° 19, 3e tr. 1942, p. 129-136 (repris dans Histoire. p. 109-116).
- L'Islam et Nous, Abbaye Saint-André-lez-Bruges et Paris, Le Cerf, 1947, 57 p.
- Aspects Intérieurs de l'Islam, Paris, Le Seuil, 1949;
- Marie et l'Islam, Paris, Beauchesne, 1950
References
[edit]- ^ Neitzert, Jürgen (2009). Jean-Mohammed Ben Abd-el Jalil OFM: Wegbereiter des christlich-islamischen Dialogs. Mönchengladbach: Kühlen. ISBN 9783874483117.
- ^ a b c d e Basetti-Sani, Giulio; Verderio, Matteo (2005). Musulmano e Cristiano: La storia del francescano Giovanni-Maometto. Milan: Ancora. ISBN 88-514-0295-7.
- ^ Abd-el-Jalil, Jean-Mohammed; Borrmans, Maurice (2004). Témoin du Coran et de l'Évangile: De la rupture à la recontre. Paris: Éditions du Cerf/Éditions Franciscaines.
- ^ "لائحة الحكومات المغربية". archive.ph. Gouvernement du Royaume du Maroc. 20 December 2012. Retrieved 19 April 2025.
- ^ a b c d e f g Wilkins, Agnes (2018). From Islam to Christianity: A Study in the Life and Thought of Hassan Dehqani-Tafti and Jean-Mohammed Abd-El-Jalil in the Ongoing Search for a Deeper Understanding Between Christianity and Islam. York St. John University: Unpublished dissertation.
- ^ a b c Mulla-Zadé, Paul Mehemet-Ali; Abd-el-Jalil, Jean-Mohammed; Borrmans, Maurice (2009). Deux frères en conversion du Coran à Jésus: correspondances, 1927-1957. Paris: Éditions du Cerf. ISBN 978-2-204-08812-1.
- ^ Basetti-Sani, Giulio; Verderio, Matteo (2005). Musulmano e Cristiano: La storia del francescano Giovanni-Maometto. Milan: Ancora. p. 54. ISBN 8851402957.
"Il papa [Pius XI], come ispirato da Dio, seppe darmi una risposta che merita davvero di essere considerata provvidenziale, oltre che importantissima per tutti coloro che desiderino convertirsi dall'islam alla fede cristiana: « [...] E noi vi autorizziamo a mantenere anche da cristiano il nome di Muhammad. »
- ^ Massignon, Louis; Abd-el-Jalil, Jean-Mohammed; Jacquin, Françoise; Borrmans, Maurice (2007). Massignon - Abd-el-Jalil: parrain et filleul, 1926-1962. Paris: Éditions du Cerf. ISBN 978-2-204-08233-4.
- ^ Böwering, Gerhard. "ʿAYN-AL-QOŻĀT HAMADĀNĪ". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Retrieved 19 April 2025.
- ^ Massignon, Louis; Abd-el-Jalil, Jean-Mohammed; Jacquin, Françoise; Borrmans, Maurice (2007). Massignon - Abd-el-Jalil: parrain et filleul, 1926-1962. Paris: Éditions du Cerf. ISBN 978-2-204-08233-4.
External links
[edit]- "Evangélisme : Des missionnaires parmi nous", M.E.H, lagazettedumaroc.com, 9 May 2008.
- Profile, franciscains-paris.org. Accessed 26 February 2024.
