Heat coloring of metals
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Heat coloring of metals is a relatively simple process that, in principle, produces interference colors on the surface of the metal . The colors depend on the temperature to which the metal is heated. The most obvious example is thermally produced colors on steel, of which blue coloring is most commonly used. In addition to steel, by heat produced colors can also be produced on copper and its alloys, nickel, chromium, titanium, and tantalum.
Heat coloring of metals can also include procedures for obtaining brown or black color by gradually heating objects made of gilt copper (also known as vernis brun) or steel coated with linseed oil to 300 - 400 C.[1][2][3]
This process also includes the Bower-Barff process, and related processes, in which the steel is heated to 800 C and exposed to highly heated steam.[4][5]
History
[edit]Heat coloring of metals is probably the oldest method of coloring metal objects.[6]
Examples
[edit]Heat coloring of iron and steel
[edit]straw yellow/232 C brown/265 C purple red/277 C light blue/288 C dark blue/293 C[7]
Heat coloring of stainless steel
[edit]light yellow/290 C brown/390 C magenta/450 C blue/540 C dark blue/600 C[8]
Heat coloring of titanium
[edit]pale gold straw/385 C purple/412 C deep blue /440 C red purple/565 C light green/510 C brown gray/648 C green blue/925 C[9]
Heat coloring of copper and its alloys
[edit]Heating to a temperature of 161-341 C produces various interference colors[10]
Literature
[edit]Hiorns, A. (1907). Metal Colouring and Bronzing. London: Macmillan and Co. OCLC 3757279.
Kaup, W. J. (1914). Metal Coloring and Finishing. New York City: Industrial Press.
Field, S. (1925). The Chemical Coloring of Metals and Allied Processes. London: Chapman & Hall, Ltd. OCLC 2922065.
Fishlock, D. (1962). Metal Colouring. Teddington: R. Draper. OCLC 3982659.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Jochem Wolters: Techniken und historische Merkmale des Braunfirnisses – eine Richtigstellung. In: Jahrbuch des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums Mainz / Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum. Bd. 57(2010),1, Verlag des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums, Mainz 2010.
- ^ Theophili que et Rugerus presbyteri et monachi libri III. De Diversis Artibus: seu Diversarum artium schedula. (translation R.Hendrie ),London 1847.,p.319
- ^ "Schwarzfaerben". Archived from the original on 13 September 2013.
- ^ Silman,H. Chemical and electroplated finishes,London 1948,p.160
- ^ The Bower-Barff Rustless Iron Process,New York 1883.
- ^ Fishlock,D. Metal Colouring,Teddington 1962.,p. 64
- ^ Kraemer,O.P. Rezepte fuer die Metallfaerbung und Metalleuberzuege ohne Stromquelle,Saulgau 1983,p.82
- ^ "Heat Tint (Temper) Colours on Stainless Steel Surface Heated in Air – British Stainless Steel Association".
- ^ Untracht,O. Jewelry Concepts and Technology,New York 1982.
- ^ Untracht,O. Metal techniques for craftsmen,New York 1968.,p.419
External links
[edit]- Lewton Brain, C.: Patinas for small studios (pdf-file), 1985
- Budija, G.: Collection of formulas for the chemical,electrochemical and heat colouring of metals, the cyanide free immersion plating and electroplating (pdf file), Zagreb 2025
- Heat tinting stainless steel