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Habemus papam

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The announcement of the election of Pope Martin V at the Council of Constance

Habemus papam (lit. 'We have a pope') is a Latin phrase used in—as well as the name of—the announcement of the election of a new pope of the Catholic Church, traditionally given by the protodeacon of the College of Cardinals (the senior cardinal deacon in the College) or by the senior cardinal deacon participating in the conclave.[1]

The announcement is made from the central balcony (loggia) of St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican, overlooking St. Peter's Square. After the announcement, the new pope is presented to the people where he gives his first Urbi et Orbi blessing.

Format

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The format for the announcement when a cardinal[a] is elected pope has had major changes over time, but recently, it is as follows:[2][3]

Original Latin

Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum;
habemus papam:
Eminentissimum ac Reverendissimum Dominum,
Dominum [prænomen],
Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalem [nomen],
qui sibi nomen imposuit [nomen pontificale].

English translation

I announce to you with great joy;
we have a pope:
The Most Eminent and Most Reverend Lord,
Lord [first name],
Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church [surname],
who has taken upon himself the name [papal name].

In the Habemus papam announcement given by Cardinal Jorge Medina on 19 April 2005, upon the election of Pope Benedict XVI, the announcement was preceded by an identical greeting in several languages, respectively, Italian, Spanish, French, German, and English:[4][5]

Fratelli e sorelle carissimi,
Queridísimos hermanos y hermanas,
Bien chers frères et sœurs,
Liebe Brüder und Schwestern,
Dear brothers and sisters,

History

[edit]

The text of the announcement is partly inspired by the Gospel of Luke (2:10–11), which records the words of the angel announcing to the shepherds the birth of the Messiah:

"Fear not; for, behold, I bring thee good tidings of great joy, that shall be to all the people: For unto thee is born, this day, in the city of David a Saviour, which is Christ the Lord."

In the Vulgate (the Latin translation of the Bible by St. Jerome), the words used are "Evangelizo vobis gaudium magnum", while the word "annuntio" was used in previous translations.

The adoption of this formula is dated from the election of Odo Colonna as Pope Martin V (1417), who was chosen as the new pope by the cardinals and representatives from different countries at the Council of Constance. In this context, prior to Martin V, there were three claimants to the papal throne: Antipope John XXIII (who had called for the council, and appointed most of the cardinal electors), Antipope Benedict XIII (the only one to have been named cardinal before the outbreak of the Western Schism) and Pope Gregory XII. The first two were deposed by the Council itself, and Gregory XII abdicated after formally convoking the already convened council and authorizing its acts including the act of electing his successor. Two years after the first two contenders were deposed[b] and the resignation of the third, the council elected the new pope. The announcement, therefore, could be interpreted as: "(Finally) we have a pope (and only one!)".[6]

The habemus papam formula was adopted before 1484, the year in which it was used to announce the election of Giovanni Cybo, who took the name of Innocent VIII. It was most recently given by Dominique Mamberti after the election of Pope Leo XIV on 8 May 2025.[7]

Announcement

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Grammatical case of papal name

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In announcing the name of the newly elected pontiff, the new pontiff's birth first name is announced in Latin, usually in the accusative case (e.g. Carolum,[8][9] Iosephum,[4][5] Georgium Marium,[10][11] Robertum Franciscum), but the new pontiff's surname is announced in the undeclined form (e.g. Wojtyła,[8][9] Ratzinger,[4][5] Bergoglio,[10][11] Prevost), as it is indeclinable.

During the last century, the new papal name has often been given in the genitive case in Latin, corresponding to the translation "who takes the name of ..." (e.g. Ioannis Vigesimi Tertii,[12] Ioannis Pauli Primi[13]), although it can also be declined in the accusative case, corresponding to the translation "who takes the name ...". In the situation where the name is declined in the genitive, the name is considered as a complement of the noun "nomen" while in the instance where the name is declined in the accusative, it is considered as an apposition of the direct object complement nomen in the accusative. Both forms are equally correct. According to certain Latin grammarians though, like Nicola Flocchini, Piera Guidotti Bacci and the Maiorum Lingua Manual, the accusative is the more correct form.[14]

In the announcement of Pius XII's election, his regnal name was declined in the accusative,[15][16][17] like the later announcements in 1963 and 2013 where Paul VI's and Francis's regnal names were announced as Paulum Sextum[18][19] and Franciscum,[10][11] respectively. During the announcement of Benedict XVI's election, his regnal name was declined by Cardinal Medina in the genitive case (he said Benedicti Decimi Sexti),[4][5] but in the Holy See website, the page announcing his election with a copy of the Habemus papam formula has Benedict's regnal name declined in the accusative case (i.e., Benedictum Decimum Sextum)[20]

Regnal number

[edit]

If a papal name is used for the first time, the announcement may or may not use the numeral Primi ("the First"). In John Paul I's election, the numeral Primi was used (Cardinal Protodeacon Pericle Felici announced the papal name as Ioannis Pauli Primi)[13] but in Francis's election, no numeral was uttered (Cardinal Protodeacon Jean-Louis Tauran simply gave the papal name as Franciscum).[11]

The numeral in the papal name if it exists can be omitted if the new regnal name is the same as the one used by the immediate predecessor,[citation needed] as was the case in October 1978, when John Paul II's regnal name was announced simply as Ioannis Pauli without the numeral,[8][9] since his immediate predecessor was John Paul I. It also happened in 1939, when Pius XII's regnal name, following his election, was announced simply as Pium[15][16][17] since his immediate predecessor was Pius XI.

Other variations

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During the announcement of Paul VI's election, protodeacon Alfredo Ottaviani used the conjunction et (which also means "and") instead of ac, the word usually used for "and" within the formula (he said Eminentissimum et reverendissimum instead of Eminentissimum ac reverendissimum).[18][19]

Examples

[edit]

The following are examples of how the names were announced as noted on existing videos and recordings. The case and inclusion or exclusion of numeral for the papal names are noted.

Birth name First name
(in Latin, accusative)		 Surname
(undeclined, in original language's pronunciation and spelling)		 Papal name Papal name as announced in Latin Latin declension
of papal name		 Numeral
in papal name		 Ref.
Eugenio Pacelli Eugenium Pacelli Pius XII Pium accusative not given [15][16][17]
Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli Angelum Iosephum Roncalli John XXIII Ioannis XXIII
(Ioannis Vigesimi Tertii)		 genitive given [12]
Giovanni Battista Montini Ioannem Baptistam Montini Paul VI Paulum VI
(Paulum Sextum)		 accusative given [18][19]
Albino Luciani Albinum Luciani John Paul I Ioannis Pauli I
(Ioannis Pauli Primi)		 genitive given [13]
Karol Wojtyła Carolum Wojtyła John Paul II Ioannis Pauli genitive not given [8][9]
Joseph Ratzinger Iosephum Ratzinger Benedict XVI Benedicti XVI
(Benedicti Decimi Sexti)		 genitive given [4][5]
Jorge Mario Bergoglio Georgium Marium Bergoglio Francis Franciscum accusative none [10][11]
Robert Francis Prevost Robertum Franciscum Prevost Leo XIV Leonem XIV
(Leonem Decimum Quartum)		 accusative given [21]

Evolution of the formula

[edit]

From the beginning, the Habemus papam did not follow a strict formula, but varied in considerable form for many years. The table shows selected announcements given since the 1484 papal conclave.

Date Announced by (Protodeacon or senior cardinal deacon) Pope elected Announcement English translation
29 August 1484 Francesco Piccolomini Giovanni Cybo – elected Innocent VIII Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; papam habemus: Reverendissimus Dominus Cardinalis Melfictensis electus est in summum pontificem et elegit sibi nomen Innocentium Octavum.[22] I announce to you a great joy: we have a pope: The Most Reverend Lord Cardinal, Bishop of Molfetta, has been elected as supreme pontiff, and has chosen for himself the name Innocent the Eighth.
1 November 1503 Raffaele Riario Giuliano della Rovere – elected Julius II Papam habemus: Reverendissimum Dominum Cardinalem Sancti Petri ad Vincula, qui vocatur Julius Secundus.[23] We have a pope: The Most Reverend Lord Cardinal [Priest] of San Pietro in Vincoli, who is called Julius the Second.
11 March 1513 Alessandro Farnese Giovanni de' Medici – elected Leo X
Cardinal protodeacon at time of election 		Gaudium magnum nuntio vobis; papam habemus: Reverendissimum Dominum Iohannem de Medicis, Diaconum Cardinalem Sanctae Mariae in Domenica, qui vocatur Leo Decimus.[24] A great joy I announce to you; we have a pope: The Most Reverend Lord Giovanni de' Medici, Cardinal Deacon of Santa Maria in Domnica, who is called Leo the Tenth.
13 October 1534 Innocenzo Cybo Alessandro Farnese – elected Paul III Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; papam habemus: Reverendissimum Dominum Alexandrum Episcopum Hostiensem, Cardinalem de Farnesio nuncupatum, qui imposuit sibi nomen Paulus Tertius.[25] I announce to you a great joy; we have a pope: The Most Reverend Lord Alexander, Designated Bishop of Ostia and Cardinal Farnese, who has taken upon himself the name Paul the Third.
15 September 1644 Francesco Barberini Giovanni Pamphili – elected Innocent X Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; habemus papam: Eminentissimum et Reverendissimum Dominum Iohannem Baptistum Pamphilium, qui sibi nomen imposuit Innocentium Decimum.[26] I announce to you a great joy; we have a pope: The Most Eminent and Most Reverend Lord Giovanni Battista Pamphili, who has taken upon himself the name Innocent the Tenth.
7 April 1655 Giangiacomo Teodoro Trivulzio Fabio Chigi – elected Alexander VII Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; papam habemus: Eminentissimum et Reverendissimum Dominum Fabium, Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Presbyterum Cardinalem Chisium, qui elegit sibi nomen Alexandrum Septimum.[27] I announce to you a great joy; we have a pope: The Most Eminent and Most Reverend Lord Fabio, Cardinal Priest of the Holy Roman Church Chigi, who has chosen for himself the name Alexander the Seventh.
29 April 1670 Francesco Maidalchini Emilio Altieri – elected Clement X Annuncio vobis gaudium magnum; papam habemus: Eminentissimus ac Reverendissimus Dominus Aemilius, Sanctae Romanae Eclessiae Presbyter Cardinalis Alterius, electus est in summum Pontificem, qui sibi nomen imposuit: Clemens Decimus.[28] I announce to you a great joy; we have a pope: The Most Eminent and Most Reverend Lord Emilio, Cardinal Priest of the Holy Roman Church Altieri, has been elected to the highest pontificate, who has taken upon himself the name: Clement the Tenth.
21 September 1676 Benedetto Odeschalchi – elected Innocent XI Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; papam habemus: Reverendissimum Benedictum, Titulo Sancti Honufrii Cardinalem Odeschalcum, qui sibi nomen imposuit Innocentium Undecimum.[29] I announce to you a great joy; we have a pope: The Most Reverend Lord Benedetto, Cardinal [Priest] of the title of Sant'Onofrio, Odescalchi, who has taken upon himself the name Innocent the Eleventh.
8 May 1721 Benedetto Pamphili Michelangelo dei Conti – elected Innocent XIII Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; papam habemus: Eminentissimum et Reverendissimum Dominum Michaelem Angelum, Tituli Sanctorum Quirici et Iulitta Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Presbyterum Cardinalem de Comitibus, qui sibi nomen imposuit Innocentius Tertius Decimus.[30] I announce to you a great joy; we have a pope: The Most Eminent and Most Reverend Lord Michelangelo, Cardinal Priest of the Holy Roman Church of the title of Santi Quirico e Giulitta, Conti, who has taken upon himself the name Innocent the Thirteenth.
29 May 1724 Pierfrancesco Orsini – elected Benedict XIII Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; papam habemus: Eminentissimum et Reverendissimum Dominum Fratrem Vincentium Mariam Cardinalem Ursinum, Episcopum Portuensem, qui sibi nomen imposuit Benedictus Tertius Decimus.[31] I announce to you a great joy; we have a pope: The Most Eminent and Most Reverend Lord Brother Vincenzo Maria Cardinal Orsini, Bishop of Porto, who has taken upon himself the name Benedict the Thirteenth.
12 July 1730 Lorenzo Altieri Lorenzo Corsini – elected Clement XII Annuncio vobis gaudium magnum; papam habemus: Eminentissimum et Reverendissimum Dominum Laurentium, Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalem Corsinum Episcopum Tusculanum, qui sibi Nomen imposuit Clemens Duodecimus.[32] I announce to you great joy; we have a pope: The Most Eminent and Most Reverend Lord Lorenzo Cardinal Corsini of the Holy Roman Church, Bishop of Tusculana, who has taken upon himself the name Clement the Twelfth.
17 August 1740 Carlo Maria Marini Prospero Lambertini – elected Benedict XIV Annuncio vobis gaudium magnum; habemus papam: Eminentissimum ac Reverendissimum Dominum Prosperum, tituli Sanctae Crucis in Ierusalem, Presbyterum Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalem Lambertinum, Archiepiscopum Bononiensem, qui sibi nomen imposuit Benedictus Decimus Quartus.[33] I announce to you great joy; we have a pope: The Most Eminent and Most Reverend Lord Prospero, Cardinal Priest of the Holy Roman Church of the title of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme Lambertini, Archbishop of Bologna, who has taken upon himself the name Benedict the Fourteenth.
15 February 1775 Alessandro Albani Giovanni Braschi – elected Pius VI Nuntio vobis gaudium magnum; papam habemus: Eminentissimum et Reverendissimum Dominum Ioannem Angelum, tituli Sancti Onuphrii Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Presbyterum Cardinalem Braschi, qui sibi nomen imposuit Pius Sextus.[34] I announce to you a great joy; we have a pope: The Most eminent and Most Reverend Lord Giovanni Angelo, Cardinal Priest of the Holy Roman Church of the title of Sant'Onofrio Braschi, who has taken upon himself the name Pius the Sixth.
28 September 1823 Fabrizio Ruffo Annibale della Genga – elected Leo XII Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; papam habemus: Eminentissimum ac Reverendissimum Dominum Annibalem, tituli Sanctae Mariae Transtiberim, Presbyterum Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalem Della Genga, qui sibi imposuit nomen Leo Duodecimus.[35] I announce to you a great joy; we have a pope: The Most Eminent and Most Reverend Lord Annibale, Cardinal Priest of the Holy Roman Church of the title of Santa Maria in Trastevere Della Genga, who has taken upon himself the name Leo the Twelfth.
2 February 1831 Giuseppe Albani Bartolomeo Cappellari – elected Gregory XVI Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; papam habemus: Eminentissimum ac Reverendissimum Dominum Maurum, Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Presbyterum Cardinalem Cappellari, qui sibi nomen imposuit Gregorius Sextus Decimus.[36][37] I announce to you a great joy; we have a pope: The Most Eminent and Most Reverend Lord Mauro, Cardinal Priest of the Holy Roman Church Cappellari, who has taken upon himself the name Gregory the Sixteenth.
17 June 1846 Tommaso Riario Sforza Giovanni Mastai-Ferretti – elected Pius IX Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; papam habemus: Eminentissimum et Reverendissimum Dominum Ioannem Mariam Mastai Ferretti, Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Presbyterum Cardinalem, qui sibi nomen imposuit Pius Nonus.[38] I announce to you a great joy; we have a pope: The Most Eminent and Most Reverend Lord Giovanni Maria Mastai Ferretti, Cardinal Priest of the Holy Roman Church, who has taken upon himself the name Pius the Ninth.
20 February 1878 Prospero Caterini Gioacchino Pecci – elected Leo XIII Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; habemus papam: Eminentissimum et Reverendissimum Dominum Ioachim Pecci, qui sibi nomen imposuit Leonis Tertii Decimi.[c] I announce to you a great joy; we have a pope: The Most Eminent and Most Reverend Lord Gioacchino Pecci, who has taken upon himself the name Leo the Thirteenth.
4 August 1903 Aloysius Macchi Giuseppe Sarto – elected Pius X Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; habemus papam: Eminentissimum et Reverendissimum Cardinalem Iosephum Sarto, qui sibi nomen imposuit Pius Decimus.[42][43] I announce to you a great joy; we have a pope: The Most Eminent and Most Reverend Cardinal Giuseppe Sarto, who has taken upon himself the name Pius the Tenth.
3 September 1914 Francesco Salesio Della Volpe Giacomo della Chiesa – elected Benedict XV Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; habemus papam: Eminentissimum ac Reverendissimum Dominum Cardinalem Iacobum della Chiesa, qui sibi nomen imposuit Benedictum Quintum Decimum.[44] I announce to you a great joy; we have a pope: The Most Eminent and Most Reverend Lord Cardinal Giacomo della Chiesa, who has taken upon himself the name Benedict the Fifteenth.
6 February 1922 Gaetano Bisleti Achille Ratti – elected Pius XI Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; habemus papam: Eminentissimum ac Reverendissimum Dominum Cardinalem Achillem Ratti, qui sibi nomen imposuit Pius Undecimus.[45] I announce to you a great joy; we have a pope: The Most Eminent and Most Reverend Lord Cardinal Achille Ratti, who has taken upon himself the name Pius the Eleventh.
2 March 1939 Camillo Caccia Dominioni Eugenio Pacelli – elected Pius XII Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; habemus papam: Eminentissimum ac Reverendissimum Dominum, Dominum Eugenium, Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalem Pacelli, qui sibi nomen imposuit Pium.[15][16][17] I announce to you a great joy; we have a pope: The Most Eminent and Most Reverend Lord, Lord Eugenio, Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church Pacelli, who has taken upon himself the name Pius.
28 October 1958 Nicola Canali Angelo Roncalli – elected John XXIII Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; habemus papam: Eminentissimum ac Reverendissimum Dominum, Dominum Angelum Iosephum, Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalem Roncalli, qui sibi nomen imposuit Ioannis Vigesimi Tertii.[12] I announce to you a great joy; we have a pope: The Most Eminent and Most Reverend Lord, Lord Angelo Giuseppe, Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church Roncalli, who has taken upon himself the name John the Twenty-Third.
21 June 1963 Alfredo Ottaviani Giovanni Montini – elected Paul VI Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; habemus papam: Eminentissimum et Reverendissimum Dominum, Dominum Ioannem Baptistam, Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalem Montini, qui sibi nomen imposuit Paulum Sextum.[18] I announce to you a great joy; we have a pope: The Most Eminent and Most Reverend Lord, Lord Giovanni Battista, Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church Montini, who has taken upon himself the name Paul the Sixth.
26 August 1978 Pericle Felici Albino Luciani – elected John Paul I Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; habemus papam: Eminentissimum ac Reverendissimum Dominum, Dominum Albinum, Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalem Luciani, qui sibi nomen imposuit Ioannis Pauli Primi.[13] I announce to you a great joy; we have a pope: The Most Eminent and Most Reverend Lord, Lord Albino, Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church Luciani, who has taken upon himself the name John Paul the First.
16 October 1978 Karol Wojtyła – elected John Paul II Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; habemus papam: Eminentissimum ac Reverendissimum Dominum, Dominum Carolum, Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalem Wojtyła, qui sibi nomen imposuit Ioannis Pauli.[8] I announce to you a great joy; we have a pope: The Most Eminent and Most Reverend Lord, Lord Karol, Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church Wojtyła, who has taken upon himself the name John Paul.
19 April 2005 Jorge Medina Joseph Ratzinger – elected Benedict XVI Fratelli e sorelle carissimi! ¡Queridísimos hermanos y hermanas! Biens chers frères et sœurs! Liebe Brüder und Schwestern! Dear brothers and sisters!
Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; habemus papam: Eminentissimum ac Reverendissimum Dominum, Dominum Iosephum, Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalem Ratzinger, qui sibi nomen imposuit Benedicti Decimi Sexti.[5] 		("Dear brothers and sisters" in Italian, Spanish, French, German, and English)
I announce to you a great joy; we have a pope: The Most Eminent and Most Reverend Lord, Lord Joseph, Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church Ratzinger, who has taken upon himself the name Benedict the Sixteenth.
13 March 2013 Jean-Louis Tauran Jorge Bergoglio – elected Francis Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; habemus papam: Eminentissimum ac Reverendissimum Dominum, Dominum Georgium Marium, Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalem Bergoglio, qui sibi nomen imposuit Franciscum.[11] I announce to you a great joy; we have a pope: The Most Eminent and Most Reverend Lord, Lord Jorge Mario, Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church Bergoglio, who has taken upon himself the name Francis.
8 May 2025 Dominique Mamberti Robert Francis Prevost – elected Leo XIV Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; habemus papam: Eminentissimum ac Reverendissimum Dominum, Dominum Robertum Franciscum, Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalem Prevost, qui sibi nomen imposuit Leonem Decimum Quartum.[46] I announce to you a great joy; we have a pope: The Most Eminent and Most Reverend Lord, Lord Robert Francis, Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church Prevost, who has taken upon himself the name Leo the Fourteenth.

List of cardinals who have given the announcement

[edit]
Cardinal Pope Year
15th century
Francesco Piccolomini Pope Innocent VIII 1484
Pope Alexander VI 1492
16th century
Raffaele Riario Pope Pius III 1503
Pope Julius II
Alessandro Farnese Pope Leo X 1513
Marco Cornaro Pope Adrian VI 1522
Pope Clement VII 1523
Innocenzo Cybo Pope Paul III 1534
Pope Julius III 1550
Francesco Pisani Pope Marcellus II 1555
Pope Paul IV
Alessandro Farnese Pope Pius IV 1559
Giulio Feltre della Rovere Pope Pius V 1566
Girolamo Simoncelli Pope Gregory XIII 1572
Luigi d'Este Pope Sixtus V 1585
Francesco Sforza Pope Urban VII 1590
Andreas von Österreich Pope Gregory XIV 1590
Pope Innocent IX 1591
Pope Clement VIII 1592
17th century
Francesco Sforza Pope Leo XI 1605
Pope Paul V
Andrea Baroni Peretti Montalto Pope Gregory XV 1621
Alessandro d'Este Pope Urban VIII 1623
Francesco Barberini Pope Innocent X 1644
Giangiacomo Teodoro Trivulzio Pope Alexander VII 1655
Rinaldo d'Este Pope Clement IX 1667
Francesco Maidalchini Pope Clement X 1670
Pope Innocent XI 1676
Pope Alexander VIII 1689
Urbano Sacchetti Pope Innocent XII 1691
18th century
Benedetto Pamphili Pope Clement XI 1700
Pope Innocent XIII 1721
Pope Benedict XIII 1724
Lorenzo Altieri Pope Clement XII 1730
Carlo Maria Marini Pope Benedict XIV 1740
Alessandro Albani Pope Clement XIII 1758
Pope Clement XIV 1769
Pope Pius VI 1775
19th century
Antonio Doria Pamphili Pope Pius VII 1800
Fabrizio Ruffo Pope Leo XII 1823
Giuseppe Albani Pope Pius VIII 1829
Pope Gregory XVI 1831
Tommaso Riario Sforza Pope Pius IX 1846
Prospero Caterini Pope Leo XIII 1878
20th century
Aloysius Macchi Pope Pius X 1903
Francesco Salesio Della Volpe Pope Benedict XV 1914
Gaetano Bisleti Pope Pius XI 1922
Camillo Caccia Dominioni Pope Pius XII 1939
Nicola Canali Pope John XXIII 1958
Alfredo Ottaviani Pope Paul VI 1963
Pericle Felici Pope John Paul I 1978
Pope John Paul II
21st century
Jorge Medina Pope Benedict XVI 2005
Jean-Louis Tauran Pope Francis 2013
Dominique Mamberti Pope Leo XIV 2025

Notes

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  1. ^ While every pope after Urban VI (r. 1378–1389) has been a cardinal, this is not a strict requirement; the conclave is capable of electing any Catholic male, even a layman.
  2. ^ Jesuit professor Norman Tanner claims that Antipope John XXIII actually resigned but under pressure.[6]
  3. ^ Although this version of the announcement was published through (semi-)official channels,[39] other contemporary sources indicate that Cardinal Caterini, the aged protodeacon, broke down after the first two words, after which a young assistant - Bartolomeo Grassi Landi, conclavist to Cardinal Oreglia - called out the name of the new Pope in Italian.[40][41]

References

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  1. ^ Pope John Paul II (February 22, 1996). "Universi Dominici Gregis" (Apostolic constitution). Libreria Editrice Vaticana. Archived from the original on August 26, 2018. Retrieved February 23, 2019 – via the Holy See.
  2. ^ "L'annuncio dell'elezione del Papa" [Announcement of the election of the Pope]. Sala Stampa della Santa Sede. 13 March 2013. Archived from the original on 4 October 2014. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
  3. ^ Villar, Julieta (7 May 2025). "The history behind 'habemus papam' and the white smoke that announces a new pope". EWTN Vatican. Retrieved 8 May 2025.
  4. ^ a b c d e NBC News Coverage of the Election of Pope Benedict XVI YouTube. Accessed February 2, 2013
  5. ^ a b c d e f 19 Aprile 2005 – Elezione di Papa Benedetto XVI YouTube. Accessed March 16, 2013
  6. ^ a b "Origins of the 'Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum: habemus papam". News.va Official Vatican Network – Vatican Radio. March 21, 2013. Retrieved June 7, 2014.
  7. ^ "Habemus Papam! A Prayer for Pope Leo XIV". My Catholic Life!. Retrieved 2025-05-09.
  8. ^ a b c d e Giovanni Paolo II elezione. YouTube. Accessed on April 23, 2014.
  9. ^ a b c d Announcement of John Paul II becoming Pope October 1978 . YouTube. Accessed on March 16, 2012.
  10. ^ a b c d https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/francesco/elezione/index_en.htm Holy See website on Francis' election. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
  11. ^ a b c d e f Habemus Papam, Franciscus. YouTube. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
  12. ^ a b c Election of Pope John XXIII. YouTube. Accessed March 24, 2013
  13. ^ a b c d John Paul I Election and First Blessing. YouTube. Accessed on March 16, 2012.
  14. ^ Nicola Flocchini, Piera Guidotti Bacci, Marco Moscio, Maiorum Lingua Manuale, Bompiani per la scuola, Milano 2007, p. 309.
  15. ^ a b c d Habemus Papam – Pope Pius XII. YouTube. Accessed on December 21, 2012.
  16. ^ a b c d Habemus Papam! – Pope Pio XII. YouTube. Accessed on March 17, 2013.
  17. ^ a b c d Habemus Papam Pope Pius XII. YouTube. Accessed on October 10, 2013
  18. ^ a b c d Elezione Papa Paolo VI (1963) . YouTube. Accessed on December 22, 2012.
  19. ^ a b c Un'opera che continua Edizione straordinaria. YouTube. Accessed on March 16, 2012.
  20. ^ https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/elezione/index_en.htm Holy See website on Benedict XVI's election. Retrieved February 2, 2013.
  21. ^ Vatican News (2025-05-08). 2025.05.0 Habemus Papam: Leo XIV, PREVOST Card. Robert Francis, O.S.A. Retrieved 2025-05-08 – via YouTube.
  22. ^ L. Thuasne (red.), Johannis Burchardi Argentinensis Diarium sive Rerum Urbanum commentarii, Vol. I, Paris 1883, pp. 62–63.
  23. ^ Giovanni Battista Gattico, Acta Selecta Caremonialia Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae. Tomus I, Rome 1753, p. 309.
  24. ^ Herbert Vaughan, The Medici popes : Leo X and Clement VII, London 1908, p. 108.
  25. ^ Giovanni Battista Gattico, Acta Selecta Caremonialia Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae. Tomus I, Rome 1753, p. 328.
  26. ^ Herman, Eleanor (2009). Królowa Watykanu (in Polish). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo JEDEN ŚWIAT. p. 139. ISBN 978-83-89632-45-6.
  27. ^ Giovanni Battista Gattico, Acta Selecta Caremonialia Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae. Tomus I, Rome 1753, p. 359.
  28. ^ Christian Gastel: Tractatus de statu publico Europae. N.p., n.p, 1675. P. 74
  29. ^ Giovanni Battista Gattico, Acta Selecta Caremonialia Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae. Tomus I, Rome 1753, p. 361.
  30. ^ Relazione della morte ... Clemente XI., Venice 1721, no. 11, pp. 9–10.
  31. ^ Diario ordinario, Rome, Numero 1065 of 31 May 1724, p. 7.
  32. ^ Proniewski, Andrzej (2003). "Sympozjum: "Uniwersytet i Kościół w Europie" Rzym, 18-20 lipca 2003 roku". Rocznik Teologii Katolickiej. 2: 130–133. doi:10.15290/rtk.2003.02.09. ISSN 1644-8855.
  33. ^ Prokop, Krzysztof R. (2008-12-16). ""Diario Ordinario" oraz "Notizie" rzymskich drukarzy Cracas (Chracas) jako źródło informacji do dziejów hierarchii Kościoła katolickiego w Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów u schyłku epoki staropolskiej". Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne. 90: 111–146. doi:10.31743/abmk.10167. ISSN 2545-3491.
  34. ^ Revue des questions historiques, Paris, tome 7 (1892), p. 451.
  35. ^ Artaud de Montor, Histoire du Pape Léon XII., vol. 1, Paris 1843, p. 79.
  36. ^ Diario di Roma. Del 5 Febbrajo 1831. Num. 10, s. 4.
  37. ^ Gaetano Moroni, Dizionario Di Erudizione Storico-Ecclesiastica. Vol. XV, Venice 1842, p. 317.
  38. ^ Maurizio Marocco, Storia di papa Pio IX., Torino 1856, p. 158.¸
  39. ^ La Civiltà cattolica, Serie XVIII, vol. XI, s. 615
  40. ^ De Cesare, R. (1888). Il Conclave di Leone XIII. Città di Castello. p. 264.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  41. ^ Francis A. Burkle-Young (2000). Papal Elections in the Age of Transition, 1878–1922. Lexington Books. ISBN 9780739101148.
  42. ^ Acta Sanctae Sedis, Vol. 36 (1903), p. 5.
  43. ^ La Civiltà cattolica, Serie X, vol. V, quad. 1276
  44. ^ Acta Apostolicae Sedis, Vol. 6 (1914), p. 457.
  45. ^ Acta Apostolicae Sedis, Vol. 14 (1922), p. 133.
  46. ^ "Leo XIV is the new Pope". Vatican News. 8 May 2025. Retrieved 9 May 2025.
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