Gadidae
| Gadidae Temporal range: [1]
| |
|---|---|
| |
| Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Gadiformes |
| Suborder: | Gadoidei |
| Family: | Gadidae Rafinesque, 1810 |
| Genera | |
|
Arctogadus | |
The Gadidae are a family of marine fish, included in the order Gadiformes, known as the cods, codfishes, or true cods.[2] It contains several commercially important fishes, including the cod, haddock, whiting, and pollock.
Most gadid species are found in temperate waters of the Northern Hemisphere, but several range into subtropical, subarctic, and Arctic oceans, and a single (southern blue whiting) is found in the Southern Hemisphere. They are generally medium-sized fish, and are distinguished by the presence of three dorsal fins on the back and two anal fins on the underside. Most species have barbels on their chins, which they use while browsing on the sea floor. Gadids are carnivorous, feeding on smaller fish and crustaceans.[1]
Gadids are highly prolific, producing several million eggs at each spawning. This contributes to their high population numbers, which, in turn, makes commercial fishing relatively easy.[3]
Concepts differ about the contents of the family Gadidae. The system followed by FishBase includes a dozen genera.[1] Alternatively, fishes in the current Lotidae (with burbot, cusk) and Phycidae (hakes) have also been included in the Gadidae, as its subfamilies Lotinae and Phycinae.[2][4]
The following fossil genera are also known:
- †Palimphemus Kner, 1862 - early-late Miocene of Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Kazakhstan and North Caucasus, Russia[5][6]
- †Paratrisopterus Fedotov, 1971 - mid-late Miocene of Poland, Moldova, Romania, Ukraine, Abkhazia and North Caucasus (Russia)[6]
- †Semeniolum Gaemers, 1984 [otolith] - early-late Oligocene of the Netherlands and Germany[7]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Family Gadidae". FishBase. December 2008 version.
- ^ a b "Gadidae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 7 January 2017.
- ^ Cohen, Daniel M. (1998). Paxton, J. R.; Eschmeyer, W. N. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 130–131. ISBN 0-12-547665-5.
- ^ Nelson, J. S. 2006. Fishes of the World, 4th edition. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
- ^ Carnevale, Giorgio; Harzhauser, Mathias; Schultz, Ortwin (2012). "The Miocene gadid fish Palimphemus anceps Kner, 1862: a reappraisal". Geodiversitas. 34 (3): 625–643. Bibcode:2012Geodv..34..625C. doi:10.5252/g2012n3a9. hdl:2318/118901. ISSN 1280-9659.
- ^ a b Schwarzhans, Werner; Carnevale, Giorgio; Bratishko, Andriy; Japundžić, Sanja; Bradić, Katarina (2017). "Otoliths in situ from Sarmatian (Middle Miocene) fishes of the Paratethys. Part II: Gadidae and Lotidae". Swiss Journal of Palaeontology. 136 (1): 19–43. Bibcode:2017SwJP..136...19S. doi:10.1007/s13358-016-0114-5. ISSN 1664-2384.
- ^ Gaemers, Pieter (2017-07-17). "Taxonomy, Distribution and Evolution of Trisopterine Gadidae by Means of Otoliths and Other Characteristics". Fishes. 1 (1): 18–51. Bibcode:2017Fishe...1...18G. doi:10.3390/fishes1010018. ISSN 2410-3888.
External links
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