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FAM210B

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FAM210B
Identifiers
AliasesFAM210B, 5A3, C20orf108, dJ1167H4.1, family with sequence similarity 210 member B
External IDsMGI: 1914267; HomoloGene: 32646; GeneCards: FAM210B; OMA:FAM210B - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_080821

NM_025912

RefSeq (protein)

NP_543011

NP_080188

Location (UCSC)Chr 20: 56.36 – 56.37 MbChr 2: 172.19 – 172.2 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

FAM210B is a gene that which in Homo sapiens encodes the protein FAM210B. It has been conserved throughout evolutionary history, and is highly expressed in multiple tissues within the human body. FAM210B's primary location is the endoplasmic reticulum.

Gene

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Locus

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FAM210B is found on the plus strand of chromosome 20, precisely at 20q13.2. This gene is 9,749 bases in length, corresponding to a 192 amino acid protein.[5]

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Aliases

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Alternative names include C20orf108, Hypothetical protein LOC116151, DJ116H4.1, and 5A3.[5]

mRNA

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FAM210B has 2 known splice variants, formally known as FAM210B-001 an FAM210B-002. FAM210B-001 is 3 exons in length, whereas FAM210B-002 is 2 exons.[6]

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Protein

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The longest precursor protein is 192 amino acids in length. The molecular weight is 20.4 kdal, and isoelectric point is 10.8.[7]

Structure

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Primary Structure

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There is 1 positive charge run of 4 residues at position 79, EEKK. A high scoring transmembrane sequence is present at positions 99–123, VGVSLHIGISLISLGIFYM VVSSGV. An endoplasmic reticulum retention signal (PAAK) is present at positions 187–191.[7]

Secondary Structure

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The majority of the structure is composed of alpha helices. As predicted my Phyre 2, 61% of the protein forms alpha helices, and 28% forms transmembrane segments. A detailed map of the transmembrane topology is shown below.[8]

Tertiary Structure

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I-Tasser predicted the folding of FAM210B to be as shown below.

Subcellular Location

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The primary location of the FAM210B protein is the endoplasmic reticulum. The amino acid sequence contains the endoplasmic retention signal PAAK near the C-terminus. There are 2 transmembrane domains, which have been determined and reaffirmed by multiple methods. They are highlighted in the post-translational modification image below.[9]

Post-Translational Modifications

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The following conceptual translation presents expected post-translational modifications. The modifications were predicted by MotifScan, and then searched in greater detail in Expasy[10] Modifications found include propeptide cleavage sites, C-mannosylation sites, GalNAc O-glycosylation sites, lysine glycation sites, phosphorylation sites, a Coronavirus 3C-like proteinase cleavage site, and a GPI modification site.

An important paralog for FAM210B is FAM210A. Orthologs and distant homologs have been found throughout mammalia, reptiles, birds, invertebrates, fish, amphibian, trichoplax, and fungi.[11]

Gene Name Common name Accession number Sequence length E-value Identity Query cover
RCE1 protein RCE1 AAH52622.1 329 0.063 42% 28%
Serine/Threonine-protein kinase SBK2 NP_001094871.2 348 1.3 54% 15%
FAM210A FAM210A NP_689565.2 272 1.4 31% 53%
Genus and species Common name Date of divergence (MYA) Accession number Sequence length E-value Identity Query cover Notes
Homo sapiens Human - NP_543011.2 192 2.00E-138 100% 100% Mammal
Tarsius syrichta Philippine tarsier 67.6 XP_008058424.1 150 3.00E-88 88% 76% Mammal
Fukomys damarensis Damaraland mole-rat 90.9 XP_010627139.1 184 1.00E-77 82% 76% Mammal
Orninus orca Killer whale 97.5 XP_004282340.1 192 2.00E-98 81% 100% Mammal
Camelus ferus Bactrian camel 97.5 EPY80008.1 251 7.00E-72 87% 69% Mammal
Anolis carolinensis Carolina anole 320.5 XP_003223790.1 215 4.00E-60 65% 78% Reptile
Thamnophis sirtalis Common garter snake 320.5 XP_013919769.1 286 3.00E-59 67% 71% Reptile
Ophiophagus hannah King cobra 320.5 ETE65490.1 152 8.00E-59 68% 67% Reptile
Cariama cristata Reg-legged seriema 320.5 KRP59646.1 115 7.00E-58 78% 59% Bird
Egretta garzetta Little egret 320.5 KFP21403.1 115 1.00E-57 77% 59% Bird
Anas platyrhynchos Mallard 320.5 EOB08268.1 97 2.00E-14 44% 50% Bird
Gekko japonicus Gekko 320.5 XP_015277771.1 304 1.00E-11 34% 57% Reptile
Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog 355.7 NP_001072818.1 196 5.00E-57 55% 94% Amphibian
Xenopus laevis African clawed-frog 355.7 NP_001088884.1 275 8.00E-10 29% 53% Amphibian
Callorhinchus milii Australian ghostshark 482.9 XP_007910267.1 217 1.00E-48 73% 55% Fish
Drosophila sechellia Fruit fly 847 XP_002037687.1 135 5.00E-31 48% 71% Invertebrate
Cerapachys biroi Clonal raider ant 847 XP_011331931.1 344 3.00E-15 36% 56% Invertebrate
Ogataea parapolymorpha Microorganism 1302.5 XP_013935759.1 208 7.00E-05 29% 60% Fungus
Populus trichocarpa Black cottonwood 1513.9 XP_006379359.1 242 5.00E-04 33% 49% Plant
Trichoplax adhaerens Trichoplax Unknown XP_002116161.1 149 5.00E-29 40% 63% Trichoplax
Mitosporidium daphinae Parasite Unknown XP_013239484.1 162 1.00E-07 35% 48% Fungus

Evolutionary History

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The size of the gene family is two, and includes FAM210A and FAM210B. Gene duplication seems to have occurred when plants diverged from protists. The most distant ortholog found was Populus trichocarpa, also known as the black cottonwood tree.[12] The unrooted phylogenetic tree below demonstrates this divergence.[13] All of the organisms in the tree can also be found in the ortholog table above.

Expression

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FAM210B is ubiquitously expressed in Homo sapiens.[14] It is expressed in each stage of development, and in many compromised health states including breast, cervical, liver, lung, ovarian, and pancreatic tumors.[15]

Allen Brain Atlas

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These images were taken from Allen Brain Atlas and demonstrate expression of FAM210B in the mouse brain. The images compare the expression of FAM210B (left) to dopamine beta hydroxylase (right) in a sagittal cut of the cerebellum.[16]

GEO Profiles

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The following image contains the gene expression of FAM210B in patients with dengue fever or those who are convalescent. As seen by the blue dots, there is decreased rank of FAM210B in patients experiencing hemorrhagic fever and fever as compared to the healthy controls.[17]

The following image contains the gene expression of FAM210B in patients with severe bacterial pneumonia, severe influenza, and those who received the influenza vaccine. As seen in the image, FAM210B is lower in rank in the patients with severe bacterial pneumonia and are even lower in those with severe influenza, as compared to those who received the influenza vaccine.[18]

Interacting Proteins

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The following proteins were determined to interact with FAM210B. Their interaction was determined by affinity capture and mass spectrometric methods.[19] By analyzing the function of these proteins, more insight can be given into the function of FAM210B.

Protein Function
HTR2C Encodes transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor. Responds to signaling through serotonin.
LPAR1 Protein encoded by this gene is a LPA receptor. Mediate functions such as proliferation, platelet aggregation, smooth muscle contraction, tumor cell invasion.
REEP5 May promote functional cell surface expression of olfactory receptors.
RTN1 Reticulon encoding gene, associated with the ER and involved in neuroendocrine secretion.
RTN4 Reticulon encoding gene, associated with the ER and involved in neuroendocrine secretion.
TM4SF20 Interact with integrins to function cell adhesion, proliferation, and motility.
TSPAN5 Mediate signal transduction events that regulate cell development, activation, growth, and motility.
TSPAN17 Encodes member of transmembrane 4 superfamily, function is undetermined.
ATP6V0D1 Encodes V-ATPase that mediates acidification of eukaryotic intracellular organelles.

References

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  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000124098Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000027495Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ a b c "FAM210B Gene". genecards.org. Retrieved 2016-05-09.
  6. ^ a b "Gene: FAM210B (OTTHUMG00000032793) - Summary - Homo sapiens - Vega Genome Browser 64". vega.sanger.ac.uk. Retrieved 2016-05-09.
  7. ^ a b "SDSC Biology Workbench". workbench.sdsc.edu. Retrieved 2016-05-09.
  8. ^ "Phyre 2 Results for FAM210B_Normal". sbg.bio.ic.ac.uk. Retrieved 2016-05-09.[permanent dead link]
  9. ^ "PSORT II Prediction". psort.hgc.jp. Retrieved 2016-05-09.
  10. ^ "ExPASy: SIB Bioinformatics Resource Portal - Categories". expasy.org. Retrieved 2016-04-28.
  11. ^ "BLAST: Basic Local Alignment Search Tool". blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2016-04-27.
  12. ^ "Nucleotide BLAST: Search nucleotide databases using a nucleotide query". blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2016-04-27.
  13. ^ "FigTree". tree.bio.ed.ac.uk. Retrieved 2016-05-09.
  14. ^ "Family with sequence similarity 210, member B (FAM210B)". ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2016-05-09.
  15. ^ "EST Profile - Hs.143736". ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2016-05-09.
  16. ^ "Experiment Detail :: Allen Brain Atlas: Mouse Brain". mouse.brain-map.org. Retrieved 2016-04-27.
  17. ^ "GDS5093 / 224693_PM_at". ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2016-05-09.
  18. ^ "GDS3919 / ILMN_1708016". ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2016-05-09.
  19. ^ Lab, Mike Tyers. "FAM210B (PSEC0265) Result Summary | BioGRID". thebiogrid.org. Retrieved 2016-05-08.