Draft:Tropical cyclones in 1990
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| Tropical cyclones in 1990 | |
|---|---|
| Year boundaries | |
| First system | Baomavo |
| Formed | January 2, 1990 |
| Last system | Joy |
| Dissipated | December 27, 1990 |
| Strongest system | |
| Name | Flo |
| Lowest pressure | 890 mbar (hPa); 26.2817 inHg |
| Longest lasting system | |
| Name | Trudy |
| Duration | 17 days |
| Year statistics | |
| Total systems | 124 |
| Named systems | 92 |
| Total fatalities | 3,383 total |
| Total damage | $6.3 billion (1990 USD) |
During 1990, tropical cyclones formed within seven different tropical cyclone basins, located within various parts of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. During the year, a total of 124 systems formed with 92 of these developing further and were named by the responsible warning center. The strongest tropical cyclone of the year was Typhoon Flo. The deadliest tropical cyclone was the 1990 Andhra Pradesh cyclone, while the costliest was also Typhoon Flo. Four Category 5 tropical cyclones formed in 1990, which all formed in the Western Pacific.
Tropical cyclone activity in each basin is under the authority of an RSMC. The National Hurricane Center (NHC) is responsible for tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic and East Pacific. The Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC) is responsible for tropical cyclones in the Central Pacific. Both the NHC and CPHC are subdivisions of the National Weather Service. Activity in the West Pacific is monitored by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). Systems in the North Indian Ocean are monitored by the India Meteorological Department (IMD). The Météo-France located in Réunion (MFR) monitors tropical activity in the South-West Indian Ocean. The Australian region is monitored by five TCWCs that are under the coordination of the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BOM). Similarly, the South Pacific is monitored by both the Fiji Meteorological Service (FMS) and the Meteorological Service of New Zealand Limited. Other, unofficial agencies that provide additional guidance in tropical cyclone monitoring include the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC).
Global conditions and hydrological summary
[edit]
Summary
[edit]North Atlantic Ocean
[edit]The Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1,[1][2] but activity in 1990 began six days earlier with the formation of Tropical Depression One on May 24. It was an above average season in which 16 tropical depressions formed. Fourteen depressions attained tropical storm status, and eight of them attained hurricane status. There was only one tropical cyclone to reach major hurricane status (Category 3 or higher on the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale),[3] which was slightly below the 1950–2005 average of two.[4] The season featured no landfalling tropical storms in the United States, which was unusual. This was only the sixth such occurrence known, the other seasons being 1853, 1862, 1864, 1922, and 1962.[5] However, Tropical Storm Marco was the only tropical cyclone to make landfall in the United States at tropical cyclone status, but it hit with wind speeds of 35 mph (56 km/h), which is below tropical storm status. Overall, the storms of the season caused 171 deaths and approximately $153 million in damage.[5][6][7][8] Hurricane Nana dissipated on October 21,[3] over a month before the official end of the season on November 30.[1][2] Hurricane Diana was a notable Category 2 hurricane in August, which affected many parts of Central America and Mexico, which caused 139 deaths and $90 million in damage. Hurricane Klaus was another notable hurricane that reached Category 1 status in October, which affected portions of the Lesser Antilles, the Greater Antilles, and the Bahamas. The remnants of Klaus brought heavy rain to Florida, which worsened the flooding caused by Tropical Storm Marco. Both Klaus and Diana got their names retired, and will never again be used for a tropical cyclone.
No tropical cyclogenesis occurred in June, while little tropical cyclogenesis occurred in July. The second tropical cyclone of the season did not form until July 22. After that, tropical activity suddenly spiked, and from late-July to mid-August, there was a period of above-average activity. Reduction in activity occurred in mid-August, then resumed on August 24 with the formation of Hurricane Gustav. August was relatively active in terms of tropical activity, but only two named storms formed in September, which both attained hurricane status. In October, activity was above-average, with four named storms forming. After an active October, no tropical cyclogenesis occurred in November.[3]
The season had an accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) rating of 97,[9] which is slightly above the mean value of 96.1.[10] ACE is a measure of the power of the hurricane multiplied by the amount of time the cyclone existed. It is only calculated for tropical cyclones that have wind speeds of at least 39 mph (63 km/h), which is the wind speed for storms to attain tropical storm status.[11]
Eastern and Central Pacific Ocean
[edit]The Pacific hurricane season was very active in terms of the amount of tropical cyclones and the accumulated cyclone energy (ACE). All tropical cyclones in the basin formed from westward-moving African tropical waves. There were 27 tropical depression, and 21 of those attained at least tropical storm status. A record breaking 16 of those tropical cyclones reached hurricane strength, tied with 1992, 2014, and 2015, and 6 of those hurricanes attained major hurricane strength (Category 3 or above). Only 6 tropical cyclones did not attain hurricane strength. This was twice the average amount in terms of the amount of tropical cyclones reaching hurricane intensity. The season started earlier with Hurricane Alma forming on May 12. Tropical cyclogenesis increased in June, with tropical storms and hurricanes Boris, Cristina, Douglas, and Elida. In July, tropical activity remained above-average, with hurricanes Fausto, Genevieve, Hernan and Iselle forming, with Hernan and Iselle both attaining hurricane strength. In August, seven tropical cyclones formed, which is above-average, higher than the mean of 4.6 tropical storms in August. Tropical cyclones Aka, Diana (Diana crossed over from the Atlantic to the Pacific), Julio, Kenna and Lowell formed. Tropical depressions Two-C and Twelve-E also formed in August. The final three months featured the strongest hurricanes of the season, with hurricanes Trudy, Odile, and Marie, all being Category 4 hurricanes. Hurricane Trudy was the most intense hurricane of the season. The final storm, Hurricane Vance, dissipated on October 31, marking the end of tropical activity in the Pacific.
All tropical cyclones, with the exception of hurricanes Marie and Polo, developed between 5 and 15 degrees north of the equator, which is the typical area most favorable for tropical cyclone development. Most tropical cyclones moved in a westward or northwestward track, and dissipated in colder waters. One crossed the International date line before transitioning to a remnant low.
The accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) for the season measured at 249.5 units (Eastern and Central Pacific combined), calculated by Colorado State University and using data from the National Hurricane Center, which is the fourth highest ACE reading recorded in a Pacific hurricane season.[12]
Western Pacific Ocean
[edit]The Pacific typhoon season was very active in terms of the number of tropical depressions, tropical storms and typhoons that formed. The season featured 41 tropical cyclones, 31 of which intensified into named storms. 19 of those storms intensified into typhoons, and 4 intensified into super typhoons.
The season started off on January 12 with the development of Severe Tropical Storm Koryn. There was no tropical activity until 3 months later, when Tropical Storm Lewis formed on April 26. May was slightly above-average with 3 tropical cyclones, with Typhoon Marian, which formed on May 14, and CMA Tropical Depressions 4 and 5, which formed on May 20 and 24, which is above the 1981-2010 average of 2 tropical cyclones in May. In June, Tropical Depression 04W and Severe Tropical Storm Nathan, with Nathan bring some impact to the Philippines and China. Typhoon Ofelia was a moderately strong typhoon that formed on June 16 and brought severe impacts to the Philippines, Taiwan and China before dissipating in Korea on June 25. Ofelia caused 96 deaths and $207 million in damage. Typhoon Percy was another strong typhoon which brought severe impacts to similar areas where Ofelia brushed through. Percy formed on June 20 and reached its peak intensity on June 24 with 150 km/h (93 mph) winds. Percy caused 27 deaths and $426 million in damage. Overall, June was an above-average month.
In July, typhoons Steve, Vernon, tropical storms Robyn and Tasha, and CMA Tropical Depression 11 formed. July was a less impactful month, with Robyn, CMA Tropical Depression 11 and Tasha making landfall below typhoon status. Impacts in July include Robyn dropping 244 mm (9.6 in) of rain in Vladivostok, Russia, CMA 11 bringing heavy rain to much of Vietnam and causing minimal damage, and Tasha bringing widespread flooding and damage in southern China, causing 108 deaths. Overall, July saw several tropical cyclones which caused some damage. The first tropical cyclone in August was Severe Tropical Storm Winona, which was named so on August 7 and reached peak intensity of 110 km/h (70 mph) on August 8, before making landfall in Japan. Typhoon Yancywas a powerful typhoon that killed 12 people in the Philippines after a landslide destroyed a dormitory, while in China, damage was more severe with 216 deaths. An additional 20 people died in Taiwan. Central Pacific Tropical Storm Aka crossed into the basin on August 13.[13] The JTWC downgraded Aka to a tropical depression due to high wind shear and loss of convection, until it dissipated on August 15, south of Wake Island.[14] Typhoon Zola originated from a cutoff of Yancy's large area of convection. By August 18, Zola upgraded to a tropical storm, further intensifying to a typhoon the next day, eventually reaching peak intensity on August 21 with 140 km/h (85 mph) winds. Zola made landfall in Japan, causing $104 million in damage and 6 fatalities due to high winds and heavy rainfall. Typhoon Abe was a powerful and devastating typhoon that originated on August 23 from an intense monsoon surge. Abe did not form quickly between August 24-27 due to the surge initially not having the conducive environment for cyclone formation. On August 30, Abe peaked with winds of 140 km/h (85 mph), before crossing the Ryukyu Islands and the East China Sea, eventually making landfall in the Chinese provinces of Zhejiang and Jiangsu, then crossing the middle portion of South Korea as a tropical storm, before dissipating on September 1. 12 people were killed in Manila due to heavy monsoon rains, with landslides causing an additional 32 deaths in Benguet, Nueva Viscaya, and Nueva Ecija. In Taiwan, 1 death and 6 injuries were caused by flooding, with 51 additional deaths and 250 injuries near Shanghai.
Systems
[edit]January
[edit]| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind
km/h (mph) |
Pressure
(hPa) |
Areas affected | Damage
(USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baomavo | January 2–9 | 150 (95) | 941 | None | None | None | |
| Rosita | January 4–17 | 85 (50) | 988 | None | None | None | |
| Sam | January 11–21 | 130 (80) | 966 | Western Australia | Unknown | None | |
| Koryn | January 12–17 | 100 (65) | 980 | Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands | None | None | |
| Coral Sea | January 20–25 | 75 (45) | Unknown | New Caledonia | None | None | |
| Tina | January 25–28 | 95 (60) | 976 | Western Australia | Minimal | None | |
| Nancy | January 26–February 4 | 110 (70) | 975 | Queensland, New South Wales, New Zealand | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Ofa | January 27–February 10 | 185 (115) | 925 | Polynesia | $187 million | 8 | |
| Cereza | January 31–February 11 | 95 (60) | 976 | Maritius | Unknown | None |
February
[edit]| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind
km/h (mph) |
Pressure
(hPa) |
Areas affected | Damage
(USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dety | February 2–11 | 135 (85) | 954 | None | None | None | |
| Samoa | February 6–9 | 65 (40) | Unknown | Polynesia | None | None | |
| Peni | February 12–18 | 120 (75) | 970 | Cook Islands | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Vincent | February 25–March 6 | 130 (80) | 965 | Western Australia | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Greg | February 28–March 5 | 75 (45) | 990 | Northern Territory, Queensland | None | None |
March
[edit]| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind
km/h (mph) |
Pressure
(hPa) |
Areas affected | Damage
(USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Edisoana | March 1–8 | 135 (85) | 954 | Rodrigues | Unknown | Unknown | [15] |
| Hilda | March 4–7 | 110 (70) | 970 | None | None | None | |
| Walter | March 4–13 | 95 (60) | 985 | None | None | None | |
| Gregoara | March 13–27 | 170 (105) | 927 | Cocos Islands | Unknown | None | |
| Alex | March 14–26 | 220 (140) | 927 | None | None | None | |
| Ivor | March 15–26 | 125 (80) | 965 | Queensland | Minimal | Unknown | [16] |
| Rae | March 16–24 | 95 (60) | 985 | Tuvalu, Fiji, Tonga | $26.2 million | 3 |
April
[edit]| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind
km/h (mph) |
Pressure
(hPa) |
Areas affected | Damage
(USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hanta | April 11–14 | 65 (40) | 990 | Madagascar | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Bessi | April 13–18 | 85 (50) | 990 | None | None | None | [17] |
| 01B | April 17–18 | 45 (30) | 1004 | None | None | None | |
| Lewis | April 26–May 3 | 65 (40) | 998 | Caroline Islands | None | None |
May
[edit]| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind
km/h (mph) |
Pressure
(hPa) |
Areas affected | Damage
(USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
|---|
June
[edit]| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind
km/h (mph) |
Pressure
(hPa) |
Areas affected | Damage
(USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
|---|
July
[edit]| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind
km/h (mph) |
Pressure
(hPa) |
Areas affected | Damage
(USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
August
[edit]| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind
km/h (mph) |
Pressure
(hPa) |
Areas affected | Damage
(USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
|---|
September
[edit]| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind
km/h (mph) |
Pressure
(hPa) |
Areas affected | Damage
(USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
|---|
October
[edit]| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind
km/h (mph) |
Pressure
(hPa) |
Areas affected | Damage
(USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
|---|
November
[edit]| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind
km/h (mph) |
Pressure
(hPa) |
Areas affected | Damage
(USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
|---|
December
[edit]| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind
km/h (mph) |
Pressure
(hPa) |
Areas affected | Damage
(USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
|---|
Global effects
[edit]| Season name | Areas affected | Systems formed | Named storms | Damage (USD) | Deaths |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 Atlantic hurricane season | |||||
| 1990 Pacific hurricane season | |||||
| 1990 Pacific typhoon season 3 | |||||
| 1990 North Indian Ocean cyclone season | |||||
| 1989–90 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season 2 | |||||
| 1990–91 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season 3 | |||||
| 1989–90 Australian region cyclone season 2 | |||||
| 1990–91 Australian region cyclone season 3 | |||||
| 1989–90 South Pacific cyclone season 2 | |||||
| 1990–91 South Pacific cyclone season 3 | |||||
| Worldwide | (See above) | [a] | $X billion | XXX |
- ^ The sum of the number of systems and fatalities in each basin will not equal the number shown as the total. This is because when systems move between basins, it creates a discrepancy in the actual number of systems and fatalities.
See also
[edit]
Notes
[edit]1 Only systems that formed either on or after January 1, 1990 are counted in the seasonal totals.
2 Only systems that formed either before or on December 31, 1990 are counted in the seasonal totals.
3 The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone basin are based on the IMD scale which uses 3-minute sustained winds.
4 The wind speeds for the Atlantic, Eastern and Central Pacific tropical cyclone basin are based on the Saffir–Simpson scale which uses 1-minute sustained winds.
5The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone are based on Météo-France which uses gust winds.
References
[edit]- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
ap01was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Dorst, Neil (January 12, 2010). "FAQ: When is hurricane season?". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Retrieved March 8, 2011.
- ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference
1990 systemswas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
backgroundwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
mwrwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
mexdiswas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
EC-Berthawas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Glass1was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Original vs. Revised HURDAT". www.aoml.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2025-02-25.
- ^ "Extended range forecast of Atlantic seasonal hurricane activity and landfall strike probability for 2010" (PDF). Colorado State University. December 9, 2009. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 5, 2010. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
- ^ Landsea, Christopher W. (2019). "Subject: E11) How many tropical cyclones have there been each year in the Atlantic basin? What years were the greatest and fewest seen?". Hurricane Research Division. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved July 2, 2019.
- ^ "Northeast Pacific Ocean Statistics compared with climatology". tropical.atmos.colostate.edu. Retrieved 2025-02-25.
- ^ "The 1990 Central Pacific Tropical Cyclone Season". web.archive.org. 2018-03-06. Retrieved 2025-03-24.
- ^ "The 1990 Central Pacific Tropical Cyclone Season". web.archive.org. 2018-03-06. Retrieved 2025-03-24.
- ^ "Tropical Cyclone Edisoana". webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu. Archived from the original on 2022-04-17. Retrieved 2025-03-01.
- ^ "Severe Tropical Cyclone Ivor". www.bom.gov.au. Archived from the original on 2024-09-13. Retrieved 2025-03-01.
- ^ "Tropical Cyclone Bessi" (PDF). www.bom.gov.au. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-07-17. Retrieved 2025-03-03.
External links
[edit]| Tropical cyclone year articles (1990–1999) |
|---|
| 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999 |
Regional Specialized Meteorological Centers
- US National Hurricane Center – North Atlantic, Eastern Pacific
- Central Pacific Hurricane Center – Central Pacific
- Japan Meteorological Agency – NW Pacific
- India Meteorological Department – Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea
- Météo-France – La Reunion – South Indian Ocean from 30°E to 90°E
- Fiji Meteorological Service – South Pacific west of 160°E, north of 25° S
Tropical Cyclone Warning Centers
- Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency of Indonesia – South Indian Ocean from 90°E to 141°E, generally north of 10°S
- Australian Bureau of Meteorology (TCWC's Perth, Darwin & Brisbane) – South Indian Ocean & South Pacific Ocean from 90°E to 160°E, generally south of 10°S
- Papua New Guinea National Weather Service – South Pacific Ocean from 141°E to 160°E, generally north of 10°S
- Meteorological Service of New Zealand Limited – South Pacific west of 160°E, south of 25°S
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Weather Service.