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Draft:Tropical Storm Karl (2022)

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Tropical Storm Karl
Karl at peak intensity in the Gulf of Mexico on October 12, 2022
Meteorological history
FormedOctober 11, 2022
DissipatedOctober 16, 2022
Tropical storm
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/NWS)
Highest winds60 mph (95 km/h)
Lowest pressure997 mbar (hPa); 29.44 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities3 total
Damage$76.9 million (2022 USD)
Areas affected
Part of the 2022 Atlantic hurricane season

Tropical Storm Karl was an erratic and short-lived tropical cyclone that formed and persisted in the Gulf of Mexico, bringing rains and tropical storm-force winds to Mexico in October 2022. Karl originated from an area of interest associated with the remnants of Hurricane Julia, which had effected Central America. The system quickly developed, becoming a tropical depression on October 11. Around 6 hours later, it was upgraded to a tropical storm, becoming the fourteenth depression and eleventh named storm of the 2022 Atlantic hurricane season. Increasing wind shear on October 13 led to the storm persisting over the Gulf of Mexico and stop strengthening. Although satellite images showed the storm becoming more symmetric, most of Karl's convection was impacted by the wind shear, leading the storm to degenerate into a remnant low. The remnants of Karl dissipated near Tabasco 24 hours later.

Karl caused notable impacts to Mexico as it lingered not far from the coast. Tabasco saw the heaviest rainfall, and nearby states like Chiapas also saw rainfall and flooding. Numerous families were forced to evacuate their homes due to the flooding. A religious event taking place in Pichucalco, Chiapas, was forcefully evacuated due to major floods from Karl. The event was attended by over one thousand people. In addition to these floods and evacuations, three storm related fatalities were reported, all three in Chiapas: 1 in Pichucalco and 2 in Juárez. Losses totaled to MXN$1.394 billion (USD$76.9 million) from severe flooding.

Meteorological history

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Map plotting the track and the intensity of the storm, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

Karl partially formed from the remnants of Hurricane Julia, which made landfall along the Caribbean coast of Nicaragua on October 9.[1] Julia’s remnants crossed Central America and dissipated near the Pacific coast of Guatemala on October 10.[2] A disturbance within Julia’s broad low-level circulation moved across the Yucatán Peninsula and southern Mexico, emerging over the Bay of Campeche on October 11.[3][4] A well-defined surface circulation developed, and deep convection organized sufficiently for the system to become a tropical depression by 12:00 UTC on October 11, located about 60 nautical miles north-northeast of Coatzacoalcos, Mexico. The depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Karl six hours later.[5][6] Initially steered north-northwestward and northward by a mid-tropospheric ridge extending from the southwestern Atlantic over the eastern Gulf of Mexico, Karl encountered relatively low deep-layer shear and warm water temperatures of 28–29°C. The storm reached its peak intensity of 60 mph (97 km/h), with a pressure of 997 mbar (29.4 inHg) by 18:00 UTC on October 12, while located about 185 nautical miles east of Tampico, Tamaulipas.[7][8] A deep-layer trough moving eastward across the Central United States caused Karl to stall early on October 13, coinciding with an increase in westerly shear.[9] The storm began to weaken gradually as it moved south-southeastward back toward the Bay of Campeche as it developed a tilted vertical structure, as reported by hurricane hunters.[10] By late October 14, all deep convection dissipated due to shear and a dry mid-level environment, causing Karl to weaken to a tropical depression.[11] Karl degenerated into a remnant low by 00:00 UTC on October 15, located about 55 nautical miles west-northwest of Ciudad del Carmen.[12][13] Despite becoming a remnant low, Karl’s upslope flow over the mountainous terrain of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec caused significant rains over Tabasco and Chiapas during the evening of October 14 and early morning of October 15. The remnant low turned west-southwestward due to re-establishment of low-level ridging over the eastern Gulf of Mexico and dissipated by 00:00 UTC on October 16, about 40 nautical miles east-northeast of Coatzacoalcos.[14]

Preparations and impact

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Mexico

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Karl was expected to make landfall in Mexico as a tropical storm, leading to many tropical storm warnings being issued from Alvarado east to Ciudad del Carmen.[15][16][17] Residents of the coastline were recommended to prepare for 3 to 12 inches of rain.[18][19] Around 2,352 shelters were opened in Veracruz in preparation for the storm, as well as 801 in Tabasco, 534 in Campeche, 770 in Chiapas and 371 in Oaxaca.[20] Tourist beaches in Veracruz were closed in preparation for Karl.[21] A yellow alert was issued in 8 municipalities in Tabasco.[22]

In Chiapas, 3 deaths were reported: Two workers transporting humanitarian aid drowned after their boat was capsized due to rip currents, and a 65-year-old man died after he was trapped inside his home due to the floods.[23] Fast flowing waters from the El Platanar River destroyed bridges in the municipality of Ostuacán. Thirty-five people in this municipality required evacuation due to the overflowing of the Magdalena River. A landslide in Tapalapa resulted in the closure of roads. The flood of a river resulted in damage to at least 5 neighbourhoods. At a religious event, over 1,000 people were evacuated from a religious event as flooding from Karl effected the event. Around 120 people from 40 families took shelter due to the storm. Evacuations occurred in Ixtacomitán after multiple streams overflowed. In Puerto Arista, rough seas resulted in one person requiring rescue.[24] In the states bordering the Bay of Campeche, electrical discharges accompanied Karl, as well as torrential rainfall.[25] Home damage was reported in San Sebastian and Catarina.[26]

The remnants of Karl effected the region of Boca del Río, bringing heavy flooding and rainfall. Mountainous regions saw 20 to 50 milimeters of rain. At the same time as Karl, a cold front was affecting similar areas, continuing heavy rains after the dissipation of Karl.[27][28]

References

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  1. ^ Nbc 6 • • (2022-10-09). "Hurricane Julia Makes Landfall in Nicaragua; Possible Flooding, Mudslides Expected". NBC 6 South Florida. Retrieved 2024-07-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ Times, The New York (2022-10-11). "Julia Weakens to a Tropical Depression After Passing El Salvador". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-07-15.
  3. ^ writer, CARLIE KOLLATH WELLS | Staff (2022-10-11). "Tropical depression or storm could form this week in Gulf of Mexico: What to know Tuesday". NOLA.com. Retrieved 2024-07-15.
  4. ^ McCloud, Cheryl. "Strengthening system in Gulf of Mexico could become season's next tropical depression". Naples Daily News. Retrieved 2024-07-15.
  5. ^ "Tropical Storm KARL". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2024-07-15.
  6. ^ "Tropical Storm KARL". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2024-07-15.
  7. ^ "Tropical Storm KARL". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2024-07-15.
  8. ^ Rice, Doyle. "Tropical Storm Karl strengthens in Gulf of Mexico". USA TODAY. Retrieved 2024-07-15.
  9. ^ "Tropical Storm KARL". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2024-07-15.
  10. ^ "Tropical Storm KARL". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2024-07-15.
  11. ^ "Tropical Depression KARL". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2024-07-15.
  12. ^ "Post-Tropical Cyclone KARL". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2024-07-15.
  13. ^ "Karl Losing Steam, But Still A Mexico Flood Threat". The Weather Channel. Retrieved 2024-07-15.
  14. ^ Times, The New York (2022-10-15). "Karl, Now a Post-Tropical Cyclone, Is Expected to Soak Parts of Mexico". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-07-15.
  15. ^ Rice, Doyle. "Tropical storm warnings issued as Karl approaches landfall in Mexico". USA TODAY. Retrieved 2024-07-15.
  16. ^ "Tropical Storm KARL". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2024-07-15.
  17. ^ Sentinel, Victoria Ballard | South Florida Sun (2022-10-12). "Tropical Storm Karl develops off southeastern Mexico". Sun Sentinel. Retrieved 2024-07-15.
  18. ^ "Tropical Storm Karl heads back at Mexico's south Gulf coast". AP News. 2022-10-13. Retrieved 2024-07-15.
  19. ^ "Tropical Storm Karl begins to turn in Gulf off Mexico coast". AP News. 2022-10-13. Retrieved 2024-07-15.
  20. ^ México, Ernesto Méndez | Ciudad de (2022-10-14). "'Karl' impactará entre Centla y Paraíso, Tabasco". Excélsior (in Mexican Spanish). Retrieved 2024-07-15.
  21. ^ "Veracruz en alerta por tormenta tropical "Karl"; cierran playas turísticas". El Universal (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-07-15.
  22. ^ "Ante llegada de "Karl", emiten Alerta Amarilla para ocho municipios de Tabasco". El Universal (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-07-16.
  23. ^ Berg, Robbie. "TROPICAL STORM KARL" (PDF). www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2024-07-15.
  24. ^ "Mexico – 1 Dead, Hundreds Evacuated After Tropical Storm Karl Dumps 380mm of Rain – FloodList". floodlist.com. Retrieved 2024-07-15.
  25. ^ Méndez, Ernesto (2022-10-14). "'Karl' tocará tierra en Tabasco hoy por la noche o mañana temprano". Excélsior (in Mexican Spanish). Retrieved 2024-07-15.
  26. ^ "Deja 'Karl' un muerto e inundaciones en Chiapas". www.elnorte.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-07-15.
  27. ^ "¡Saca la chamarra! Este domingo entrará un nuevo frente frío; se esperan lluvias fuertes en Veracruz, Oaxaca y Chiapas". El Universal (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-07-15.
  28. ^ "VIDEOS: Así las inundaciones en Boca del Río por remanentes de "Karl"". El Universal (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-07-15.
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