Cortinarius sanguineus
| Cortinarius sanguineus | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Cortinariaceae |
| Genus: | Cortinarius |
| Species: | C. sanguineus
|
| Binomial name | |
| Cortinarius sanguineus | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Cortinarius sanguineus | |
|---|---|
 | Gills on hymenium |
 | Cap is convex |
 | Hymenium is adnate |
 | Stipe has a cortina |
 | Spore print is brown |
 | Ecology is mycorrhizal |
 | Edibility is unknown |
Cortinarius sanguineus, commonly known as the blood red webcap or blood red cortinarius,[1] is a species of fungus in the genus Cortinarius.
Taxonomy
[edit]Austrian naturalist Franz Xaver von Wulfen described the species as Agaricus sanguineus in 1781, reporting that it appeared in the fir tree forests around Klagenfurt and Ebenthal and in October. He noted that it was very pretty but inedible.[2] The specific epithet is the Latin word sanguineus, meaning "bloody".[3] Samuel Frederick Gray established Cortinarius as a genus in 1821,[4] recording the species as Cortinaria sanguinea "the bloody curtain-stool".[5]
Friedrich Otto Wünsche described it as Dermocybe sanguinea in 1877. Most mycologists retain Dermocybe as merely a subgenus of Cortinarius as genetically all the species lie within the latter genus.[6]
It is closely related to Cortinarius puniceus, which grows under oak and beech from England and France.[7]
Description
[edit]The dark blood-red cap is convex then flattening, 2–5 centimetres (3⁄4–2 in) wide, and covered in silky fibres.[1] The stipe is coloured like the cap,[1] cylindrical, 4–10 cm long, and 3–8 mm thick.[1] The veil (cortina) and its remnants are red.[1] The purple-red flesh has a fair to pleasant smell.[1]
The gills are adnate, initially blood-red and turning brown as the spores mature.[1] The spore print is rust-coloured. The oval spores measure 7 to 9 μm by 4 to 6 μm and are rough.[8]
Habitat
[edit]Cortinarius sanguineus grows in conifer woodlands in autumn.[8]
Uses
[edit]It is considered inedible,[2] of unknown edibility,[1] or edible.[8][verification needed]
Its pigment can be used as a dye for wool, rendering it shades of pink, purple or red.[1] The major pigments in C. sanguineus are emodin, dermocybin and dermorubin.[9]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i Arora, David (1986) [1979]. Mushrooms Demystified: A Comprehensive Guide to the Fleshy Fungi (2nd ed.). Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press. pp. 454–455. ISBN 978-0-89815-170-1.
- ^ a b Jacquin NJ (1781). Miscellanea Austriaca ad Botanicum, Chemiam et Historiam Naturalem Spectantia (in Latin). Vol. 2. Vienna: J.P. Kraus. p. 107. hdl:2027/nyp.33433010774085.
- ^ Nilsson S, Persson O (1977). Fungi of Northern Europe 1: Larger Fungi (Excluding Gill Fungi). London, United Kingdom: Penguin Books. p. 96. ISBN 978-0-14-063005-3.
- ^ A Natural Arrangement of British Plants, Vol 1.
- ^ Gray SF (1821). A Natural Arrangement of British Plants. Vol. 1. London, United Kingdom: Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy. p. 629.
- ^ Høiland K, Holst-Jensen A (2000). "Cortinarius Phylogeny and Possible Taxonomic Implications of ITS rDNA Sequences". Mycologia. 92 (4): 694–710. doi:10.2307/3761427. JSTOR 3761427.
- ^ Niskanen T, Laine S, Liimatainen K, Kytövuori I (2012). "Cortinarius sanguineus and equally red species in Europe with an emphasis on northern European material". Mycologia. 104 (1): 242–53. doi:10.3852/11-137. PMID 21914829. S2CID 19214888.
- ^ a b c Roger Phillips (2006). Mushrooms. Pan MacMillan. p. 205. ISBN 0-330-44237-6.
- ^ Zalas, Maciej; Gierczyk, Błażej; Bogacki, Hubert; Schroeder, Grzegorz (2015). "TheCortinarius Fungi Dyes as Sensitizers in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells". International Journal of Photoenergy. 2015: 1–6. doi:10.1155/2015/653740.
External links
[edit]
Media related to Cortinarius sanguineus at Wikimedia Commons- "Cortinarius sanguineus (Wulfen) Gray". MycoBank. International Mycological Association.
