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Church of Christ in Poland

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Church of Christ in Poland
Headquarters of the Church of Christ in Poland
Headquarters of the Church of Christ in Poland
ClassificationChristianity
OrientationProtestantism
TheologyEvangelicalism
PolityPresbyterian-Congregational
GovernanceNational Conference
LeaderAndrzej W. Bajeński [pl]
AssociationsEvangelical Alliance in the Republic of Poland
Region Poland
HeadquartersWarsaw
Origin1921
Warsaw
Separated fromUnited Evangelical Church in Poland
Congregations48 (2023)
Members6,650 (2023)
Ministers490 (2023)
Official websitechrystusowi.pl
SloganFaithful to God, Friendly to People, Devoted to the Gospel

The Church of Christ in the Republic of Poland (previously known as the Community of Churches of Christ in Poland and Church of Christ Congregations) is a Christian free Protestant denomination of the evangelical tradition, rooted in the Churches of Christ movement (often called Campbellites after Thomas Campbell). It advocates a return to Biblical teachings, guided by the maxim: "Where the Bible speaks, we speak; where the Bible is silent, we are silent",[1] and the Reformation principle of sola scriptura. As of 2022, the church had 6,650 members, including 490 clergy, across 48 congregations.[2] It is organized on a Presbyterian model. Its press organ is the quarterly Słowo i Życie [pl].[3]

The church is a founding member of the Evangelical Alliance in Poland.[4] On 1 February 1990, it was entered into the register of churches and religious associations by the Ministry of Administration and Digitization under Section A, number 24.[5] Its headquarters are in Warsaw.[6] The Presiding Elder is Pastor Andrzej W. Bajeński [pl].[7]

History

[edit]

Second Polish Republic

[edit]

The Church of Christ's ideas emerged in Poland in late 1921, when pastor Konstanty Jaroszewicz [pl], the movement's pioneer, returned from the United States to his native Starowieś. He soon gathered a small group of followers comprising several families.[8] The first baptisms occurred in May and September 1923, establishing the first congregation in Starowieś. Activities centred on Kresy, primarily among Orthodox populations. In autumn 1924, Jaroszewicz and his wife moved to Kobryn, which became a missionary hub.[8]

In 1923, Jaroszewicz sought legal recognition for the community, but the request was denied.[8] In 1926, despite resistance from Ludwik Szenderowski [pl], local legalization was granted for congregations in the Wołyń and Polesie voivodeships. By the 1930s, congregations were legalized in other eastern voivodeships as well.[9] Until 1925, the group was called the "International Christian Mission", renamed at a 1926 Kobryn conference to "Mission of Evangelical Christians in Poland".[8] In 1928, the Union of Churches of Christ [pl] was formed.[10]

By 1928, 30 congregations existed. In 1929, the First National Union of Churches of Christ Assembly in Kobryn established an Executive Committee: Konstanty Jaroszewicz (president), Jan Bukowicz (vice-president and treasurer), Jerzy Sacewicz [pl] (secretary), Bolesław Winnik (deputy secretary), and members Grzegorz Bajko, Teodor Pawluk, Nikon Jakoniuk, Jan Moskaluk, and Jan Władysiuk. Annual assemblies occurred in various locations (except 1933) until 1939.[10] Until 1939, the Union of Churches of Christ was headquartered in Kobryn, then moved to Brest. All interwar congregations were Russian-speaking, with the largest concentration near Kobryn, where around 1,500 members lived in the Kobryn County by 1937, mostly farmers, urban poor, and domestic workers.[11]

World War II

[edit]

The outbreak of World War II split congregations across the General Government, East Prussia, Belarus, Ukraine, and the Reich, with most on Ukrainian territory.[12] Occupation borders hindered operations, with the harshest conditions in the General Government, where religious gatherings were banned in May 1941. Some congregations joined the Union of German Evangelical Free Church Congregations (Baptists).[13] Many leaders were deported to the Reich, concentration camps, or Soviet gulags. Post-war border changes left 72 congregations beyond Poland's eastern border, incorporated into the Soviet All-Union Council of Evangelical Christians-Baptists.[14]

Polish People's Republic

[edit]

In 1945, Union of Churches of Christ congregations joined the Baptist Christian Church of Poland.[13] The Baptist Christian Church of Poland leadership opposed Jerzy Sacewicz's methods of acquiring sacral buildings in Pomerania and Masuria and demanded the dissolution of the Union of Churches of Christ Executive Committee, which persisted despite integration. Consequently, in November 1946, Union of Churches of Christ leaders withdrew from the Baptist Christian Church of Poland.[13]

In November 1946, the Union of Churches of Christ of the Evangelical Faith in Poland resumed operations, with four congregations in Białystok Voivodeship (Siemiatycze, Boćki, Milejczyce, Grodzisk), eight in Masuria (Olsztyn, Lidzbark Warmiński, Kętrzyn, Mrągowo, Rumy, Świętajno, Ruskowo, Pasłęk), and others in Gdańsk, Sosnowiec, and Muratyna (Lublin Voivodeship).[15]

In 1948, the first issue of the monthly Jedność was published (2,000 copies), alongside a 10,000-copy Śpiewnik Kościoła Chrystusowego and several pamphlets.[13]

The Polish People's Republic era was challenging. On 15 September 1950, State Security arrested clergy and lay workers after fabricating evidence, targeting the entire Church Council: Jerzy Sacewicz (president), Mikołaj Korniluk (secretary), Bolesław Winnik (treasurer), Paweł Bajeński, and Nikon Jakoniuk. Bajeński and Jakoniuk were released after months, but others faced espionage charges, with charitable work and Western contacts deemed subversive.[16] Jerzy Sacewicz faced accusations:[12]

Sacewicz remained in areas liberated by the Red Army, concealing his past and religious activities, and worked at the Brest Communal Bank. After the German-Soviet war began and eastern territories were occupied, he immediately shifted allegiance, contacting local SD authorities and the German Eastern Front staff. Secret talks earned him their trust, documents, and access to military transport, including aviation… He frequently traveled to Ukrainian cities, especially Kyiv, posing as a fervent Hitler supporter, urging locals to submit to Nazi rule, work in Germany, and abandon resistance, while encouraging collaboration… He continued this pro-Hitler activity until liberation.

Sacewicz was imprisoned and tortured until 1952.[17]

Konstanty Sacewicz, United Evangelical Church president between 1975 and 1981

In 1951, Paweł Bajeński, released and hospitalized, worked to reclaim sealed chapels and convened a conference in Inowrocław, electing a new board: Paweł Bajeński (president), Konstanty Sacewicz [pl] (secretary), Nikon Jakoniuk (treasurer), while Jerzy Sacewicz and Mikołaj Korniluk remained imprisoned. Church activities were limited to services, with authorities enforcing shared chapel use among denominations. The Union of Churches of Christ had 24 congregations, 53 stations, 12 chapels, 6 prayer halls, and about 3,000 members.[10] Ryszard Michalak [pl] alleged Bajeński followed state directives to merge with the United Evangelical Church,[18] facilitating Union of Churches of Christ's entry into the United Evangelical Church.[19] Jerzy Sacewicz, imprisoned, later criticized Bajeński for "leading the Church into Babylon". Separatist tendencies emerged in 1956, backed by Americans, but Bajeński prevented a Union of Churches of Christ exit from the United Evangelical Church. In 1958, J. Naumiuk and Walenty Dawidow founded the independent Church of Christ in Poland, registered in 1982.[19]

From 1953 to 1988, Polish Churches of Christ were part of the federated United Evangelical Church in the Polish People's Republic. Konstanty Sacewicz served as United Evangelical Church president from 1975 to 1981, and Henryk Rother-Sacewicz [pl] led the Churches of Christ faction in its final years.[14]

After the United Evangelical Church's dissolution, the group became the independent "Church of Christ Congregations" in 1988, led by Pastor Henryk Rother-Sacewicz.[14]

Third Polish Republic

[edit]

After over a decade under Henryk Rother-Sacewicz, Andrzej W. Bajeński [pl] became leader in 2011. Post-1989, the church renamed itself twice: on 30 November 2004, to "Community of Churches of Christ in Poland", and since 31 August 2011, as "Church of Christ in the Republic of Poland".[14]

Agencies

[edit]
Centre E10 in Warsaw

The oldest agency is the Betania Retirement Home in Ostróda, established in 1958 within the United Evangelical Church (then called the Old People's Home). The Ostróda Camp Catechetical-Missionary Centre began in May 1971 in Ostrów near Ostróda.[10]

The Christian Biblical Institute, founded in 1984 in Warsaw, conducts educational and publishing activities, releasing 83 titles with over 250,000 copies.[10]

In 1988, the Słowo i Życie Publishing House was established through Henryk Ryszard Tomaszewski's efforts, then secretary of the Church's National Council. It launched the monthly Słowo i Życie in 1989, becoming a bimonthly in 1990 and a quarterly in 1995, alongside several books. Bronisław Hury has been director since 2001, with a circulation of about 800 copies.[10]

Other agencies include:[20]

  • Centre E10
  • Graceland Education Centre
  • Hope4You Education Centre
  • CRK ProEcclesia
  • International Church Association
  • International Culture Exchange ICX
  • Dobro Czynić Charitable Mission
  • Dom Łaski Evangelical Mission in Poland
  • Poślij Mnie Mission
  • Nadzieja Social Mission
  • Pioneer Bible Translators Poland

Congregations and mission stations

[edit]
Church of Christ in Bielsk Podlaski
Church of Christ in Międzyleś
Church of Christ in Ostróda
Chapel in Olsztyn
Church of Christ in Lidzbark Warmiński
Headquarters of Christian Community "North" in Warsaw

Local communities include:[21]

  • Nysa – Church of Christ in Nysa
  • Olsztyn – Christian Community in Olsztyn
  • Ostróda – Church of Christ in Ostróda[23]
  • Pabianice – Church of Christ "Genesis Nova" in Pabianice[24]
  • Płock – Christian Community in Płock
  • Polkowice – Church of Christ "New Life" in Polkowice
  • Połczyn-Zdrój – Church of Christ in Połczyn-Zdrój
  • Radom – Christian Community in Radom
  • Rybnik – Church of Christ in Rybnik
  • Rzeszów – Church of Christ "Christian Revival Church CRC"
  • Sandomierz – Christian Community in Sandomierz[25] (Christian Community "Golgotha")[26]
  • Siemiatycze – Church of Christ in Siemiatycze
  • Sosnowiec – Church of Christ in Sosnowiec
  • Tomaszów Mazowiecki – Christian Community TOMY in Tomaszów Mazowiecki
  • Warsaw:
    • Church of Christ "Grace Church"
    • Church of Christ "International Christian Fellowship"
    • Church of Christ "Life Church"
    • Christian Community "God's Peace"
    • Christian Community "HIS Church"
    • Christian Community "Kingdom Life"
    • Christian Community "North"
    • Christian Community "South"
    • Christian Community "Puławska"
    • Christian Community "Wilanów"[27][28]
    • Christian Community "West"
  • Wrocław – Christian Community in Wrocław
  • Wyszków – Christian Community in Wyszków

Statistics

[edit]

Data from denominational surveys

[edit]
Membership, congregations, and clergy of the Church of Christ in Poland as reported to the Central Statistical Office
Year Members Congregations Churches/Chapels Clergy
1989[29] 2,492 21 28 50
1990[30] 3,297 50 29 51
1991[31] 3,471 26 30 60
1992[32] 3,543 26 30 65
1994[33] 3,550 26 31 65
1995[34] 3,580 26 31 66
1996[35] 3,645 27 31 66
1998[36] 3,875 27 63
1999[37] 3,942 25 60
2000[38] 4,291 25 28[39] 63
2001[40] 4,886 25 75
2002[41] 5,092 25 80
2003[42] 5,233 31 84
2004[43] 5,527 33 85
2005[44] 5,673 35 33[39] 93
2006[45] 5,858 35 33[46] 97
2007[47] 5,815 36 34[46] 103
2008[48] 4,825 36 34[49] 102
2010[39] 4,927 38 33 112
2011[50] 4,252 38 30[49] 118
2012[51] 4,518 37 30[52] 125
2015[53] 5,138 39 28[54] 366
2016[54] 5,361 41 28 329
2017[55] 5,869 38 29[54] 360
2018[56] 6,326 40 29[54] 362
2019[57] 6,540 43 31[39] 362
2020[58] 6,645 44 31[39] 365
2021[59] 6,048 41 27[39] 334
2022[60] 6,821 48 492
2023[2] 6,650 48 490

Census data

[edit]
Declarations of affiliation in national censuses
Census Declarations
2011 census[61] 860
2021 census[62] 2,072

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Kościół Chrystusowy w RP (d. Wspólnota Kościołów Chrystusowych). Informacje podstawowe" [Church of Christ in Poland (formerly Community of Churches of Christ). Basic Information]. slowoizycie.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2025-04-11.
  2. ^ a b Rozkrut, Dominik (2024). Mały Rocznik Statystyczny Polski 2024 [Small Statistical Yearbook of Poland 2024] (in Polish). Warsaw: Statistical Publishing House. p. 108. ISSN 1640-3630.
  3. ^ "Słowo i Życie. Kwartalnik Kościoła Chrystusowego w RP" [Word and Life. Quarterly of the Church of Christ in Poland]. slowoizycie.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2025-04-11.
  4. ^ "Alians Ewangeliczny w RP zalegalizowany" [Evangelical Alliance in Poland Legalized]. slowoizycie.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2025-04-11.
  5. ^ "Rejestr kościołów i innych związków wyznaniowych" [Register of Churches and Other Religious Associations]. bip.msw.gov.pl (in Polish). Archived from the original on 2012-08-19.
  6. ^ "Kontakt" [Contact]. chrystusowi.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2025-04-11.
  7. ^ "Organy kościoła" [Church Bodies]. chrystusowi.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2025-04-11.
  8. ^ a b c d Bryk, Przemysław (2014). "Historia powstania Kościołów Chrystusowych i ich funkcjonowania na ziemiach polskich na przykładzie Kościoła Chrystusowego w Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej" [History of the Emergence and Functioning of the Churches of Christ in Poland: The Example of the Church of Christ in the Republic of Poland] (PDF). Ex Nihilo (in Polish). 1 (11). Institute of Religious Studies, Jagiellonian University: 11–27.
  9. ^ Tomaszewski, Henryk Ryszard (2006). "Powstanie i rozwój Kościoła Chrystusowego w Polsce" [Emergence and Development of the Church of Christ in Poland]. Wspólnoty chrześcijańskie typu ewangeliczno-baptystycznego na terenie Polski w latach 1858-1939 [Christian Communities of the Evangelical-Baptist Type in Poland in the Years 1858–1939] (in Polish). Warsaw: Warsaw Baptist Theological Seminary. p. 101. ISBN 83-88497-11-1.
  10. ^ a b c d e f Hury, Nina (12 October 2017). "Kościół Chrystusowy w RP (d. Wspólnota Kościołów Chrystusowych)" [Church of Christ in Poland (formerly Community of Churches of Christ)]. slowoizycie.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2025-04-11.
  11. ^ Wysocki, Aleksander. "Protestanci - Poleszucy w świetle dokumentów Centralnego Archiwum Wojskowego" [Protestants - Polesians in Light of Central Military Archive Documents] (PDF). Central Military Archive (in Polish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-01-20.
  12. ^ a b Tomaszewski, Henryk Ryszard (1992). "Kościół Chrystusowy w latach 1939-1944" [The Church of Christ in the Years 1939–1944]. Słowo i Życie (in Polish). 1–2.
  13. ^ a b c d Tomaszewski, H.R. (1991). Wyznania typu ewangeliczno-baptystycznego wchodzące w skład Zjednoczonego Kościoła Ewangelicznego w latach 1945-1956 [Denominations of the Evangelical-Baptist Type within the United Evangelical Church in the Years 1945–1956] (in Polish). Warsaw: Słowo i Życie. pp. 94–107.
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  20. ^ "Agendy" [Agencies]. chrystusowi.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2025-04-11.
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  24. ^ "Nowy Kościół w Pabianicach. Na czele przedsiębiorca" [New Church in Pabianice. Led by an Entrepreneur]. pabianice.tv (in Polish). 8 January 2022. Retrieved 2025-04-11.
  25. ^ "Kościół Chrystusowy w RP, Społeczność Chrześcijańska w Sandomierzu" [Church of Christ in Poland, Christian Community in Sandomierz]. www.schsandomierz.pl (in Polish). Archived from the original on 2013-08-24.
  26. ^ "Church finder search results for the country of Poland". calvarychapel.com. Archived from the original on 2018-10-20.
  27. ^ "Get to know us". schwilanow.pl. Retrieved 2025-04-11.
  28. ^ "Poznaj nas" [Get to Know Us]. schpoludnie.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2025-04-11.
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  30. ^ Wyżniakiewicz, Bohdan; Lutostański, Krzysztof (1991). Mały rocznik statystyczny 1991 [Small Statistical Yearbook 1991] (in Polish). Warsaw. p. 50.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
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  61. ^ Gudaszewski, Grzegorz (2015). Struktura narodowo-etniczna, językowa i wyznaniowa ludności Polski - Narodowy Spis Powszechny Ludności i Mieszkań 2011 [National-Ethnic, Linguistic, and Religious Structure of Poland’s Population - 2011 National Census] (in Polish). Warsaw: Statistical Publishing House. p. 226. ISBN 978-83-7027-597-6.
  62. ^ "Tablice z ostatecznymi danymi w zakresie przynależności narodowo-etnicznej, języka używanego w domu oraz przynależności do wyznania religijnego" [Tables with Final Data on National-Ethnic Affiliation, Language Used at Home, and Religious Affiliation]. stat.gov.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2025-04-11.
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