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List of massacres in Nigeria

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The following is a list of massacres that have occurred in Nigeria:

Lists of massacres

[edit]
This article contains dynamic lists that may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Political and religious motivated massacres

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See also: Religious violence in Nigeria

Name Date Deaths Involved Location – Circumstances
Tiv Riots 1960-1964 2,000–4,000 Various groups Benue State (since 1976), Northern region, Benue valley – Occurred during protests for the creation of Benue state from the Northern region[1]
1966 Anti-Igbo pogrom July and August 1966 8000-30,000[2] Nigerian Army, Hausa-Fulani and others Northern Nigeria – Targeted killings of Igbo people in Northern Nigeria in revenge for the coup of January 15, 1966.[3]
Asaba massacre October 7, 1967 Up to 500 men[4] Nigerian 2nd Division Delta State, Asaba – Occurred during the Nigerian-Biafran War[5][6]
Ugep Massacre December 24, 1975 65> Nigerian Army Cross River State, Ugep – Occurred after soldiers accused towns people of murdering a drunk soldier[7]
Bakolori Massacre March 28, 1980[clarification needed] 380 Police Zamfara State, Bakolori – The government of the defunct Sokoto State wanted to build a dam in Bakolori, (Bakolori Dam) and offered to resettle the people. They refused and the police moved in to forcefully resettle them.[8]
Umuechem Massacre November 1, 1990 ~85 Police Rivers State, Umuechem – After a protest at Shell's office by youths of the town demanding for electricity, water, roads and compensation following environmental degradation, the police moved in and massacred the town.[9]
Odi massacre November 20, 1999 43[10]-2,500[11] Nigerian Army Bayelsa State, Odi – Nigerian military attacked the village of Odi, as part of the Conflict in the Niger Delta.
2000 Kaduna riots also known as the first "Sharia clashes". Sharia 1: February 21–25, 2000; March

Sharia 2: May 22–23, 2000

2,000[12][13]–5,000[14] Christians, Muslims Kaduna State, Kaduna – Religious riots between Christians and Muslims over the introduction of sharia law in Kaduna State, start of the religious riots phase of the Sharia conflict in Nigeria.
2001 Jos riots September 9–17, 2001 500–5000[15] Christians, Muslims Plateau State, Jos – Religious riots between Christians and Muslims.
Zaki Biam Massacre October 20–24, 2001 Over 200[16] Nigerian Army Benue State – Attack by the Nigerian Army avenging the kidnapping and killing of 19 soldiers by suspected Tiv militia[17]
Miss World riots November 22, 2002 200+[18] Islamists, later rioting Christians and Muslims Kaduna State, Kaduna – Inter-religious riots that started on 22 November in Kaduna, along with many houses of worship being burned by religious zealots. Cause: article in Thisday about the 2002 Miss World beauty contest (to be held in Abuja), in which Muslims took offence.
Yelwa massacre February–May, 2004 c. 975[19] Christians, Muslims Yelwa, Shendam and Kano – Religiously motivated killings between Christians and Muslims.
Muhammad cartoons crisis February 18, 2006 50+[20] Muslims Borno State, Maiduguri – The international crisis reached the Nigerian city of Maiduguri, in which over 50 people were killed and many buildings destroyed or damaged by rioting Muslims, outraged because of cartoons about Muhammad in the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten.
2008 Ogaminana massacre February 26, 2008 over 50 Police Kogi State, Ogaminana – Police descended on Ogaminana at 8.30 pm, killing and brutalizing mostly elderly men, women and children in a reprisal attack that has sent shock and outrage throughout the country.[21]
2008 Jos riots November 28–29, 2008 381[22] Christians, Muslims Plateau State, Jos – Religious riots between Christians and Muslims over the result of a local election.
2009 Boko Haram uprising July, 2009 1,000+[23] Islamists Maiduguri, Bauchi, Potiskum, Wudil – Militants killed over a thousand people between 26 and 29 July; during the violence[24]
2010 Jos riots 2010 992 Christians, Muslims Plateau State, Jos – Religious rioting.[25]
2011 Abuja United Nations bombing August 26, 2011 116[26] Islamists (Boko Haram) Federal Capital Territory, Abuja – 312 injured; Boko Haram attacked a United Nations compound[26]
2011 Damaturu attacks November 4, 2011 100-150[27] Islamists (Boko Haram) Yobe State, Damaturu – Islamic militants associated with Boko Haram attacked police stations and banks.
December 2011 Nigeria clashes December 2011 68+[28] Islamists (Boko Haram) Maiduguri and Damaturu – Militants associated with Boko Haram clashed with security forces between 22 and 23 December.
December 2011 Northern Nigeria attacks December 25, 2011 41+[29] Islamists (Boko Haram) Federal Capital Territory, Madalla – 73 injured;Militants bombed a Catholic church.
January 5–6, 2012 Nigeria attacks January 5–6, 2012 37+[30] Islamists (Boko Haram) Mubi, Yola, Gombi, and Maiduguri – Terrorists attacked communities; Boko Haram claimed responsibility.
January 20, 2012 Nigeria attacks January 1, 2012 185[31] Islamists (Boko Haram) Kano State, Kano – Terrorists attacked government installations including police stations and barracks, Immigration offices etc.; Boko Haram claimed responsibility.
April 2012 Kaduna bombings March 8, 2012 38[32] Islamists (Boko Haram) Kaduna State, Kaduna – Terrorists bombed a community.[32]
June 2012 Kaduna church bombings June 7, 2012 12[33]-19[34] Islamists (Boko Haram) suspected Kaduna State, Wusasa, and Sabon Gari – 80 injured; Islamic terrorists bombed three churches.
Deeper Life Church shooting August 7, 2012 19[35] Three unidentified gunmen Kogi State, Okene – Militants attacked a community.
December 2012 shootings in Northern Nigeria December 25, 2012 27[36][37] Islamists (Boko Haram) suspected Federal Capital Territory, Abuja – Militants attacked a community.
2013 Baga massacre April 19–20, 2013 228+[38] Nigerian army or Boko Haram Borno State, Baga – Identity of the perpetrators remains unclear; some blame the Nigerian military while others blame the Islamic terrorist group Boko Haram.[39]
Mamudo school massacre, also known as Yobe State school shooting July 6, 2013 30[40] Islamists (Boko Haram) Yobe State, Mamudo government secondary school – Suspected Boko Haram terrorists killed at least 41 children and one teacher.[41]
Benisheik massacre September 18, 2013 159 Islamists (Boko Haram) Borno State
Gujba college massacre September 29, 2013 50[42] Islamists (Boko Haram) supected Yobe State, Gujba Yobe school – At 1:00 a.m. suspected gunmen from Boko Haram entered the male dormitory in the College of Agriculture in Gujba, killing at least forty-four students and teachers.[40]
Kawuri massacre January 11, 2014 85[43] Islamists (Boko Haram) Borno State, Konduga Local Government – Attack by Boko Haram.
February 2014 Konduga massacre February 2, 2014 39 Islamists (Boko Haram) Borno State, Konduga – About 39 people are believed to have been killed in an attack by Militants on a Nigerian town.

Local residents said the attack on Konduga, Borno, lasted several hours, beginning shortly before sundown with the arrival of gunmen in 4x4 trucks. A mosque and more than 1,000 homes were razed to the ground, residents said.[44]

Izghe attack February 15, 2014 106 Islamists (Boko Haram) Borno State
Federal Government College Buni Yadi attack February 25, 2014 59 Islamists (Boko Haram) Yobe State, Federal Government College Buni Yadi – Islamist gunmen killed 59 students at a boarding school in Yobe State.[45]
April 2014 Nyanya bombing April 14, 2014 71 Islamists (Boko Haram) Federal Capital Territory, Abuja – Two bombs exploded in a crowded bus station in the outskirts of Abuja, Nigeria.[46]
2014 Gamboru Ngala massacre May 6, 2014 300+[47] Islamists (Boko Haram) Borno State, Gamboru – Militants attacked at night and set houses ablaze. When people tried to escape, they were shot dead.[48]
Gwoza massacre June 2, 2014 200-300[49] Islamists (Boko Haram) suspected Borno State, Gwoza – Boko Haram attack on Christian villagers
2014 Kano bombing June 23, 2014 200+ Islamists (Boko Haram) Kano State, Kano – Dozens of people were killed in a bomb blast at Kano State School of Hygiene. The blast was attributed to militant group Boko Haram by the locals.[50]
Zaria Quds Day massacres July 25–26, 2014 34 [51] Nigerian Army Kaduna State, Zaria
2015 Baga massacre January 3–7, 2015 At least 100, over 2,000 "unaccounted for" Islamists (Boko Haram) Borno State, Baga
2015-2016 Killing of Biafran Protesters August 30, 2015 to February 9, 2016 80+ Nigerian Army, Nigerian security forces Anambra State (Onitsha), Abia State (Aba) and Igboland – Over 80 protesters agitating for the secession of the Biafran region from Nigeria have been killed en masse by Nigerian security operatives, while more than 400 others have been arrested, detained or imprisoned[52]
2015 Zaria massacre December 12–13, 2015 700-1000 Nigerian Army Kaduna State, Zaria – Nigerian army open fire on the Shiite minority when they were conducting a religious procession.[53][unreliable source?]
Dikwa suicide bombings February 9, 2016 60+ Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, 2 female Boko Haram suicide bombers Borno State, Dikwa, refugee camp – Five suicide bombers infiltrated the camp disguised as refugees. Two set off their bombs as internally displaced persons were queuing for rations. More than 60 were killed and 78 others injured.
2019 Konduga bombings June 16, 2019 30+ Suicide bombers (3) Borno State, Konduga Local Government Area – A series of suicide bombings killed at least 30 civilians and injured at least 40.[54][55]
2020 Gamboru bombing January 6, 2020 38 Suicide bombers Borno State, Gamboru – The attack killed 38 and injured 30.
Lekki massacre October 20, 2020

6:50pm

More than 12 dead, hundreds severely injured according to Amnesty International, disputed by government.[56][57] Also, few people were still missing days after the massacre. A development which backed up the claim by eyewitnesses that the army took some corpses after the shooting. Nigerian Army Lagos State, Lekki Toll Gate – Nigerian army opened fire on peaceful protesters at the Lekki Toll Gate while they were peacefully seated, singing the National anthem and proudly waving their flags.
Koshebe massacre November 28, 2020 76 Islamists (Boko Haram) Borno State, Jere, Maiduguri – Boko Haram fighters massacred 76 farmers. The attacks were carried out in retribution for farmers cooperating with the Nigerian military.[58]
2022 Plateau State massacres April 10, 2022 150+ Fulani bandits from Kaduna State Plateau State, 9 villages in the Kanam and Wase local government areas.
2023 Plateau State massacres December 23–25, 2023 ~200 Fulani militia suspected Plateau State, 17 rural communities in the regions of Bokkos and Barkin Ladi.
2024 Konduga massacre August 1, 2024 19 Islamists (Boko Haram) Borno State, Konduga Local Government Area – About 19 civilians were killed and dozens injured in a suicide bombing.[59]
2024 Gwoza bombings June 29, 2024 32 Suicide bombers (3+) Borno State, Gwoza
Tarmuwa massacre September 3, 2024 130 Islamists Yobe State
2025 Lake Chad massacre January 14, 2025 40–100+ Islamic State West Africa Province (ISWAP) or Boko Haram (reports vary) Borno State, Dumba, Lake Chad region – Jihadists executed farmers from the region of Gwoza and fishermen. Lake Chad is used as a base by Boko Haram and ISWAP. [60][61]

Bandit attacks

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See also: Nigerian bandit conflict

Date Deaths Involved Location – Circumstances
May 5, 2019 23 ~100 bandits Zamfara State, Kaura Namoda – 23 people were killed in a retaliatory attack by bandits on Tunga and Kabaje villages in Kaura Namoda LGA, after the death of their suspected ally.[62][63]
June 8-9, 2019 25 Large number of bandits, 4 were arrested Sokoto State, Rabah – Kalhu, Tsage and Geeri villages in Rabah LGA were attacked by bandits during the night. The attack went on till morning, killing 25 people.[64][65]
June 9, 2019 16 Large number of bandits Zamfara State, Maru – 16 people celebrating Eid al-Fitr were killed by unidentified bandits in Kanoma community of Maru LGA.[66][67]
June 9, 2019 18 Bandits, 4 were arrested Sokoto State, Satiru – Satiru village of Sokoto state was attacked by bandits, killing 18 people.[68][69]
June 9, 2019 47 confirmed dead Bandits Niger State, Shiroro – Eight farming and herding villages in Shiroro LGA were attacked on 9 June by bandits, who also stole 525 cattle. Niger State Emergency Management Agency confirmed finding 47 corpses. Permanent Secretary of Niger State for cabinet and Security, Aliyu Isah Ekan, claimed only 12 have been killed.[70][68] Senator David Uamru had claimed 70 were killed.[71]
June 6, 2019 34 Bandits Zamfara State, Shinkafi – Police confirmed deaths of 34 people in a bandit attack on Tungar Kafau and Gidan Wawa in Shinkafi LGA.[72]
April 18, 2020 47 Bandits Katsina State – Mass murders and robberies in three locations. See also: April 2020 Katsina attacks
May 3-5, 2020 4 Fulani Plateau State – Messiah College High School was closed due to COVID-19, but the attackers stormed the on-campus home of the school's leader. He was shot in the head, while his wife was shot in the back and his two children were shot in the feet. They survived the wounds.[73]
June 3, 2021 88 Dozens of bandits on motorcycles Kebbi state – Cattle thieves attacked seven villages killing 88 people.[74]
June 5, 2021 50 Bandits Oyo state – In Igangan village, a group of bandits invaded and killed 50 people.[75]
January 4-6, 2022 200+ Bandits Zamfara State – Bandits launched a campaign of massacres on civilians, resulting in heavy casualties.
April 10, 2022 150+ Bandits Plateau State – The 2022 Plateau State massacres are linked to the ongoing Nigerian bandit conflict.[76]
May 6, 2022 48 Bandits Zamfara State – Bandits attacked the villages of Damri, Sabon Garin and Kalahe in Zamfara, killing at least 48 people.[77][78][79]

Herder-farmer conflicts and communal conflicts

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See also: Herder–farmer conflicts in Nigeria and Communal conflicts in Nigeria

Name Date Deaths Involved Location – Circumstances
Herder-farmer conflict June 25, 2018 86 Christian farmers and Muslim herders Plateau State – Riots in Nigeria between Muslim herders and Christian farmers. Total 86 dead.[80]
Communal conflict October 19, 2018 55 Christian Adara and Hausa Muslim youths Kaduna State – A market dispute led to the deaths of two people. In return a communal conflict erupted, Adaras attacked Hausa, killing dozens. The riots left a total of 55 people dead.[81]
Communal conflict January 16, 2019 Unknown Jukun and Tiv attackers Benue State, Guma – Many people were killed amidst a communal conflict between Jukun and Tiv people in Guma LGA of Benue State.[82][83]
Herder-farmer conflict January 28, 2019 7 herders Vigilantes Zamfara State – Seven herders were burnt by a team of vigilantes alongside their cows.[84]
Herder-farmer conflict February 4, 2019 26 Herders (suspected) Zamfara State – 7 villages in Zamfara State were attacked and 26 killed in suspected revenge for killing of seven herders a week before.[84]
2019 Kaduna State massacre February 10, 2019 141 (130 Fulani and 11 Adara) Fulani herdsmen and Adara militia Kaduna State, Kajuru – Part of the communal violence leading up to the 2019 election. The government said 130 Fulani were killed,. 11 Adara were also killed. Miyetti Allah said 66 Fulani were buried and 65 remain missing.[85][86][87][88]
Unnamed February 20, 2019 17 Fulani herdsmen Kaduna State, Ebete, Agatu – 17 people were killed in an attack by militants on Ebete in Agatu LGA of Benue State.[89][90]
Unnamed February 26, 2019 40 Adara Fulani herdsmen Kaduna State, Karamai, Kajuru – At least 29 people were reported to be killed in an attack in Karamai community of Kajuru. The attack was suspected to be from Fulani in retaliation to the earlier violence where Fulani settlements were attacked. The governor confirmed a few days later that the death toll had risen to 40.[91][92]
Unnamed March 2, 2019 16 farmers Fulani herdsmen Benue State, Gwer West – Herdsmen killed 16 in an attack on Gwer West LGA. The government blamed the attack on allegations of theft of cows by livestock guards made by the military. Residents said the herdsmen brought along many cattle and took over their lands for grazing after killing people.[93][94][95][96]
Unnamed March 7, 2019 20 Bassa Kwomu Egburra Mozum militia Kogi State, Bassa – 20 Bassa Kwomu were killed in an attack by an Egburra Mozum militia in Bassa LGA, Kogi State.[97][98]
Unnamed March 10, 2019 16-35 Adara Militants Kaduna State, Aungwan Barde, Kajuru – Police have put the death toll at 16 in attack by suspected militants. However, the Adara Development Association has claimed an upwards of 35 killed.[99]
Unnamed March 10, 2019 17 Unknown Kaduna State, Birnin Gwari – 17 vigilantes were ambushed and killed by unidentified gunmen in the mainly Muslim area of Birnin Gwari as they stole cattle.[100][101][102]
Unnamed March 11, 2019 16-52 Adara Fulani herdsmen Kaduna State, Maro, Kajuru – The police have put the death toll at 16 in an attack by suspected herdsmen in Kajuru. However, the Adara Development Association has claimed an upwards of 52 killed in Inkirimi and Dogonnoma villages in Maro. Another version of the attack by a source claimed 46 people were killed in Aungwan Gamu. The police have however not confirmed the claims.[103][99]
Unnamed March 16, 2019 10 Adara Fulani herdsmen Kaduna State, Nandu-Gbok, Sanga LGA – 10 people were confirmed killed in Nandu-Gbok village of Sanga LGA after an attack by suspected Fulani herdsmen. Residents suspect it is in revenge for an earlier attack where they say at least 11 cows and 28 sheep belonging to Fulani were slaughtered in the same area before the election.[104][105]
Unnamed March 17, 2019 4 Ikwo militias Cross Rivers State, Biase – Four people were killed in an attack on communities of Biase LGA of Cross River State by Ikwo warlords in revenge for burning down of their communities.[106][107]
Unnamed March 18, 2019 Several Agbaduma people Militia hired by Egba, Abogbe and Ologba Benue State, Agatu – Several persons were killed during a communal conflict that erupted over ownership of lands. The police has stated that militiamen hired by Egba, Abogbe and Ologba people attacked the Okokolo area inhabited by Agbaduma people.[108][109]
Unnamed March 19, 2019 5-10 Militants Benue State, Guma – The Nigerian police have said five people were recorded as having died in a suspected herdsman attack in Tse Ioreleegeb village, part of Guma LGA of Benue State. The Guma LGA chairman has claimed 10 were killed[110][111]
Communal conflict March 19, 2019 5 Iceland group (suspected) Rivers State, Khana – Five people were confirmed to have been killed by suspected Iceland group members in a cult attack on Kono Boue in Khana LGA. The cause is suspected to be retaliation for killing of their member.[112][113]
Communal conflict March 26, 2019 5 Christian and Muslim youth Plateau State, Jos North – Intercommunal violence occurred between Christian and Muslim youth. According to a resident, after the discovery of two dead boys from Angwan Miango over the past week at the border between it and Rikkos, a Hausa community, the people went on reprisal killings against Muslims.[114][115] Five people were killed as a result in the ensuing clashes.[116] Arewa Christians and Indigenous Pastors Association, however, claimed deaths of 30 Christians.[117] Federal Government of Nigeria has introduce RUGA settlement[usurped] to cub conflicts between the Herdsmen and Farmer in Plateau State.[118]
Communal conflict April 12, 2020 12 Militants Niger state, Shiroro County, Tegina Kabata – 12 people killed during the wedding with five people captured including the bride and groom.[119]
Odugbeho massacre June 7, 2021 40+ Fulani herdsmen Benue State
2021 Nasarawa massacre December 20, 2021 50 Fulani herdsmen Nasarawa State – At least 50 Tiv civilians were killed in Nasarawa state,[120] due to Fulani herdersmen blaming Tiv farmers for the killings of a kinsman.[121]
Owo church attack May 5, 2022 50 ISWAP or Fulani herdsmen (disputed) Ondo State – Over 50 people were killed in a massacre carried out in a Catholic Church on Pentecost Sunday.[122] The Government has blamed ISWAP for the murders, but locals suspect Fulani Herdsmen.
2023 Mangu violence May 15-16, 2023 130–200+ Fulani herdsmen Plateau State

See also

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Literature

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References

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  71. ^ "Niger bandit attacks: Death toll now 70 — Senator". Daily Trust. June 14, 2019.
  72. ^ Police confirm 34 killed by bandits in Zamfara
  73. ^ "Suspected Fulani raid Christian school in Nigeria; 4 believers killed in another attack". www.christianpost.com. 12 May 2020. Retrieved 2020-05-12.
  74. ^ "Cattle thieves kill 88 in northwest Nigeria massacre". The Week.
  75. ^ "Igangan killings: 50 dead, North wants war in Nigeria – Gani Adams". Archived from the original on 2021-07-10. Retrieved 2021-07-03.
  76. ^ Carter, Sarah. "Nigeria leader vows "no mercy" for gunmen behind massacre that left more than 150 dead in country's north". CBS.
  77. ^ "Gunmen kill 48 in northwest Nigeria attacks: local official". news.yahoo.com. Retrieved 2022-05-08.
  78. ^ "Dozens killed in attacks in northwest Nigeria, local official says". France 24. 2022-05-08. Retrieved 2022-05-08.
  79. ^ "Bandits Kill Around 50 In Fresh Zamfara Attacks". Koko Tv. 2022-05-08. Retrieved 2022-05-08.
  80. ^ Blomfield, Adrian (June 25, 2018). "Nigeria to increase security after violent cattle wars between Muslim herders and Christian farmers". The Telegraph.
  81. ^ "Curfew declared in Nigerian city after deadly sectarian violence". Daily Nation.
  82. ^ "Panel on Tiv/Jukun clashes in Benue begins sitting". 5 March 2019.
  83. ^ Breaking: 15 houses burnt as Tiv, Jukun clash in Makurdi
  84. ^ a b "Gunmen kill 26 in seven villages in Zamfara state, northwest Nigeria". February 5, 2019.
  85. ^ "Miyetti Allah releases names of 131 victims of Kajuru, Kaduna violence - Premium Times Nigeria". 22 February 2019.
  86. ^ "Death toll in last week's Nigeria attack doubles to 130". Aljazeera. 19 February 2019. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
  87. ^ Okunloye, Busayo (March 16, 2019). "Kajuru Killings: Miyetti Allah Says 'Adara' Militia Group's At Work".
  88. ^ Busari, Kemi (March 16, 2019). "SPECIAL REPORT: After attacks, Kajuru villagers tell tales of pains, sorrow".
  89. ^ "Herdsmen Kill 17 Persons in Benue". February 20, 2019.
  90. ^ Attack by ‘herdsmen’ in central Nigeria leaves 17 dead
  91. ^ "29 killed as ethnic violence grips NW Nigeria". news.yahoo.com.
  92. ^ "Death Toll From Kaduna Attack Rises To 40".
  93. ^ 16 killed as herdsmen attack Benue community
  94. ^ "16 farmers Killed in Benue By Herdsmen". Nigerian Voice.
  95. ^ Suspected Herdsmen Have Killed 16 Persons As They Carried Out Retaliatory Attack For Their Alleged Stolen Cows In Benue
  96. ^ Opeyemi, Adeola (March 4, 2019). "Suspected herdsmen kill 16 in fresh attack on Benue community". Legit.ng - Nigeria news.
  97. ^ Suspected Igburra Militants Kill 20 Bassa Kwomu, Razed 50 Houses In Sheria, Oguma Communities
  98. ^ Tide, The (8 March 2019). "20 Killed In Kogi Communal Clashes".
  99. ^ a b "Herdsmen Kill 85 People in Kaduna Communities". March 13, 2019.
  100. ^ Oladele, David (March 14, 2019). "Police confirm killing of 17, embark on aerial surveillance of flash-points". Legit.ng - Nigeria news.
  101. ^ "Cattle thieves kill 17 in NW Nigeria: police". MSN.
  102. ^ "Smart voters, NBC's sanctions, and ethnic bashing". 14 March 2019.
  103. ^ Akhaine, Saxone; Alabi, Abdulganiyu (March 13, 2019). "Nigeria: Community, Police Differ On Casualties in Kaduna Attacks". allAfrica.com.
  104. ^ "Fresh Herdsmen Attack Claims 10 in Kaduna Community". March 17, 2019.
  105. ^ Tauna, Amos (March 16, 2019). "10 killed, 30 houses set ablaze as gunmen raid Southern Kaduna".
  106. ^ "4 killed, 3 villages sacked in Cross River communal clash". March 18, 2019.
  107. ^ "4 C'River communities razed in communal conflict". March 18, 2019.
  108. ^ Many reported dead following bloody communal clash in Agatu, Benue state
  109. ^ Duru, Peter (March 19, 2019). "Nigeria: Many Feared Dead, Scores Injured, Houses Razed in Fresh Agatu Communal Clash". allAfrica.com.
  110. ^ Ososanya, Tunde (March 21, 2019). "10 reportedly feared dead in Benue state as herdsmen strike again". Legit.ng - Nigeria news.
  111. ^ "10 feared dead in fresh herdsmen attack on Guma LGA of Benue". March 20, 2019.
  112. ^ 20 feared dead in Rivers’ fresh cult attack
  113. ^ "16 dead as cult war resumes in Rivers". May 21, 2019.
  114. ^ "Tension In Jos As Reprisal Attack Kills Many, Houses Burnt". Sahara Reporters. May 27, 2019.
  115. ^ "Scores killed, many injured as fresh violence erupts in Jos". May 26, 2019.
  116. ^ "Five people killed, 12 houses burnt in fresh Plateau crisis - Police - Premium Times Nigeria". May 27, 2019.
  117. ^ "Arewa pastors say 30 Christians killed in Jos attacks". 28 May 2019.
  118. ^ nurdeans (2019-07-02). "RUGA SETTLEMENT IS TO RESOLVE FARMER/HERDER CONFLICTS – PRESIDENCY". NAIJA NEWS TODAY & LATEST BREAKING NEWS ™. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved 2019-07-02.
  119. ^ "Couple Abducted from Wedding in Attacks in Northwest Nigeria that Kill 12 Christians". Morningstar News. 2020-04-29. Retrieved 2020-05-12.
  120. ^ Idahosa, Amadin (December 20, 2021). "Nasarawa Massacre: Fulani Strike Leaves Over 50 Bodies Lifeless". everyevery.ng. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
  121. ^ "Dozens killed in 'barbaric, senseless' violence in Nigeria". www.aljazeera.com. December 22, 2021. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
  122. ^ ACN (2022-06-07). "ACN statement about the Pentecost massacre in St. Francis Xavier Church in Owo, Nigeria". ACN International. Retrieved 2022-11-18.
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