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All-Pakistan Awami League

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All-Pakistan Awami League
آل پاکستان عوامی لیگ
নিখিল পাকিস্তান আওয়ামী লীগ
AbbreviationAL
FounderHuseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy
FoundedFebruary 1950 (1950-02)
Banned26 March 1971 (1971-03-26)
Merger ofEPAML
JAML
JML
Preceded byJinnah Awami Muslim League
Succeeded byNAP (1957)
PDP (1967)
NPL (1968)
AL (1971)
HeadquartersHaroon Abdullah Road, Karachi, Sindh
NewspaperIttefaq
IdeologyNationalism
Democratic socialism
Secularism
Political positionLeft-wing
National affiliationCOP (1965)
Colors  Green
Election symbol
AL party symbol
Boat
Party flag
Part of a series on the
Independence of Bangladesh
National emblem of Bangladesh
Events
Organisations
Key persons
Related
flag Bangladesh portal

The All-Pakistan Awami League (before 1955 the All-Pakistan Awami Muslim League), or simply Awami League, was a Pakistani political party founded by Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy in February 1950. Pir of Manki Sharif and Khan Ghulam Mohammad Khan from the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) joined it soon afterwards.[1][2]

History

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After 1947, the independence of Pakistan, Amin ul-Hasanat, former Muslim League politician in North-West Frontier Province, established Jinnah Awami Muslim League. He got this idea from Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy, who advised him this name.[3] In 1949, Suhrawardy advised Shawkat Ali to leave Muslim League and form another political party. Later, Ali discussed with Abdul Hamid Khan Bhasani, another League politican, to form new party.[4] Then East Pakistan Awami Muslim League was founded by Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani and Yar Mohammad Khan on 23 June 1949.[2] It was established as the Bengali alternative to the Urdu dominated Muslim League in Pakistan and over centralization of the government. The party quickly gained massive popular support in East Bengal.[5]

In 1949, Suhrawardy left Muslim League saying that the party became the party of elites and the party distanced itself from people.[6] In the same year, Iftikhar Mamdot was dismissed from the premiership of Punjab and formed a party called Jinnah Muslim League.[6] In 1950, Suhrawardy established All-Pakistan Awami Muslim League in Western Pakistan.[3] The new parties decided to form an alliance named Jinnah Awami Muslim League prior to the provincial elections in 1951.[7] It was also established in Sindh.[3]

Subsequently, the member parties merged in 1952[3] and used the name All-Pakistan Awami Muslim League.[8][9] Later, the party evolved under the leadership of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (himself a former aide to Suharwardy) and was named the Awami League .[5] After long arduous consultations and negotiations by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman with the West Pakistan establishment of remaining united as a single nation without bloodshed eventually led the forces of Bangladesh nationalism in the struggle against West Pakistan's military, socio economic and political control, and the civil establishment.[5]

After Operation Searchlight, in a radio address on the evening of March 26, Yahya Khan, the then president of Pakistan, declared the Awami League treasonous and banned the party. In addition to this, the government seized the bank accounts of the Awami League.[10] On 6 July 1971, the party was dissolved at Siliguri Conference and the provincial branch in East Pakistan succeeded as Bangladesh Awami League.[11]

Officials

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President

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Name Assumed office Left Office Source
Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy 1950 1958
Nawabzada Nasrullah Khan 1964 1967 [12]
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman 1966 1971 [13]

General Secretary

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Name Assumed office Left office Ref
Abul Hasnat Muhammad Qamaruzzaman ? 1971 [14]

State leaders

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Prime Minister of Pakistan
Name Term in office
Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy 1956–1957

Chief Minister of East Pakistan
Name Term in office
Ataur Rahman Khan 1956–1958

Electoral history

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Pakistan National Assembly elections

Election Party leader Votes % Seats +/– Position Government
1955 Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy 16.67%
12 / 72
 Increase 12 Increase 3rd Opposition
1970 Sheikh Mujibur Rahman 12,937,162 39.2%
160 / 300
 Increase 160 Increase 1st Banned

East Pakistan Provincial Assembly elections

Election Votes % Seats +/– Position Government
1954
143 / 237
 Increase 143 Increase 1st Coalition
1970 12,937,162 73.2%
288 / 300
 Increase 45 Steady 1st Banned

North-West Frontier Province Provincial Assembly elections

Election Votes % Seats +/– Position Government
1951
4 / 85
 Increase 4 Increase 2nd Opposition

Punjab Provincial Assembly elections

Election Votes % Seats +/– Position Government
1951
32 / 192
 Increase 32 Increase 2nd Opposition

References

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  1. ^ Kamran 2009, p. 269.
  2. ^ a b Chowdhury 2012, p. 72.
  3. ^ a b c d Wazed, Jafar (23 June 2024). প্লাটিনাম জয়ন্তী ও নিখিল পাকিস্তান আওয়ামী লীগ. Daily Kalbela (in Bengali).
  4. ^ Ishtiaq, Ahmad (21 April 2021). "রাজনীতির অনন্য পুরোধা শওকত আলী ও ১৫০ মোগলটুলি". The Daily Star (in Bengali).
  5. ^ a b c Abu Zafar Shamsddin, Atmasriti (Self-memories) -1st part, Dhaka, 2011.
  6. ^ a b Paracha, Nadeem F. (26 January 2017). "The Muslim League: A factional history". Dawn.
  7. ^ Kamran 2009, p. 264.
  8. ^ Kamran 2009, p. 274.
  9. ^ Report on general elections Pakistan 1970–71. Vol. I. Election Commission of Pakistan. 1972. p. 71.
  10. ^ Chowdhury 2021, pp. 58.
  11. ^ Haque, Muhammad Lutful (4 February 2024). "মুক্তিযুদ্ধের অজানা অধ্যায়". Prothom Alo (in Bengali).
  12. ^ "Mujibur Rahman leaves for Dacca". Dawn. 24 July 1965.
  13. ^ "No alliance with any party before elections : Mujib". Morning News. 5 July 1970.
  14. ^ "পশ্চিম পাকিস্তানে ঐতিহাসিক সফরশেষে আজ শেখ মুজিবের ঢাকা প্রত্যাবর্তন". The Daily Ittefaq (in Bengali). 6 July 1970.

Bibliography

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