2025 in climate change
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This article documents notable events, research findings, scientific and technological advances, and human actions to measure, predict, mitigate, and adapt to the effects of global warming and climate change—during the year 2025.
Summaries
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Measurements and statistics
[edit]- 10 January: a summary from the Copernicus Climate Change Service stated that 2024 was the warmest year since records began in 1850, with an average global surface temperature reaching 1.6 °C above pre-industrial levels, surpassing for the first time the 1.5 °C warming target set by the Paris Agreement. The summary also stated that 2024 was the second consecutive year with the hottest global temperature, surpassing 2023 by +0.12 °C.[1]
Natural events and phenomena
[edit]- 6 January: a study published in Nature Climate Change stated that a fungal pathogen (Entomophaga maimaiga) that had successfully controlled the defoliation of the spongy moth in North American forests was becoming less effective due to climate change producing hotter, drier conditions. The study predicts this will lead to significantly decreased forest biodiversity and productivity by spongy moths, evidenced by recent increases in defoliation.[2]
- 8 January: a study published in Nature concluded that one-quarter of 23,496 decapod crustaceans, fishes and odonates studied, some of which provide climate change mitigation, are threatened with extinction.[3] One-fifth of threatened freshwater species are affected by climate change and severe weather events.[3]
- 9 January: a study published in Nature Reviews Earth & Environment estimated that since the mid-twentieth century, global-averaged 3-month and 12-month "hydroclimate whiplash" events have increased by 31–66% and 8–31%, respectively.[4] Such increases amplify hazards associated with rapid swings between wet and dry states, including flash floods, wildfires, landslides and disease outbreaks.[4] (Hydroclimate volatility refers to "sudden, large and/or frequent transitions between very dry and very wet conditions".)[4]
Actions, and goal statements
[edit]Science and technology
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Political, economic, legal, and cultural actions
[edit]- 20 January: within hours of his inauguration, U.S. President Donald Trump signed an executive order to withdraw the country from the 2015 Paris Agreement, joining only Iran, Libya and Yemen to become the only countries not party to the agreement.[5]
Mitigation goal statements
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Adaptation goal statements
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Consensus
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Projections
[edit]- 6 January: A study published in Scientific Reports comparing projected heat-related deaths from climate change with COVID-19 mortality rates across 38 global cities found that in half, annual heat-related deaths would likely exceed COVID-19 death rates within 10 years if global temperatures rise by 3.0°C above pre-industrial levels. The study projected that cities in North America and Europe, particularly in Mediterranean and Central European regions, would have most dramatic increases in projected heat mortality.[6]
Significant publications
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See also
[edit]- 2025 in science
- Climatology § History
- History of climate change policy and politics
- History of climate change science
- Politics of climate change § History
- Timeline of sustainable energy research 2020–present
References
[edit]- ^ "Global Climate Highlights 2024 Copernicus". climate.copernicus.eu. Copernicus Climate Change Service. 10 January 2025. Archived from the original on 10 January 2025.
- ^ Liu, Jiawei; Kyle, Colin; Wang, Jiali; Kotamarthi, Rao; Koval, William; Dukic, Vanja; Dwyer, Greg (6 January 2025). "Climate change drives reduced biocontrol of the invasive spongy moth". Nature Climate Change: 1–8. doi:10.1038/s41558-024-02204-x. ISSN 1758-6798.
- ^ a b Sayer, Catherine A.; Fernando, Eresha; Jiminez, Randall R.; et al. (8 January 2025). "One-quarter of freshwater fauna threatened with extinction". Nature. doi:10.1038/s41586-024-08375-z.
- ^ a b c Swain, Daniel L.; Prein, Andreas F.; Abatzoglou, John T.; Albano, Christine M.; et al. (9 January 2025). "Hydroclimate volatility on a warming Earth". Nature Reviews Earth & Environment. 6: 35–50. doi:10.1038/s43017-024-00624-z.
- ^ Bearak, Max (20 January 2025). "Trump Orders a U.S. Exit From the World's Main Climate Pact". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 21 January 2025.
- ^ Batibeniz, Fulden; Seneviratne, Sonia I.; Jha, Srinidhi; Ribeiro, Andreia; Suarez Gutierrez, Laura; Raible, Christoph C.; Malhotra, Avni; Armstrong, Ben; Bell, Michelle L.; Lavigne, Eric; Gasparrini, Antonio; Guo, Yuming; Hashizume, Masahiro; Masselot, Pierre; da Silva, Susana Pereira (6 January 2025). "Rapid climate action is needed: comparing heat vs. COVID-19-related mortality". Scientific Reports. 15 (1): 1002. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-82788-8. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 11704295. PMID 39762298.
External links
[edit]Organizations
[edit]- The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
- World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
- Climate indicators at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
- Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S)
Surveys, summaries and report lists
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