1991-1994 El Niño–Southern Oscillation events

Beginning in early 1991, a moderate-to-strong Central Pacific based El Niño developed. From there, the event lasted from most of 1991 until about late spring or summer 1992. The ENSO Modoki event caused global cooling in both 1991 and 1992.

In late summer 1992, not long after the event faded, the Pacific Ocean went under ENSO neutral conditions (some other information sources say late 1992 into early 1993 might have had borderline La Niña Pacific conditions). Nevertheless, the 1992 Pacific hurricane season was hyperactive, with storms including Hurricane Iniki, which struck central Hawaii, and Hurricane Lester, which struck northwestern Mexico almost three weeks before that.

The 1992 Atlantic hurricane season, although not very active, featured Hurricane Andrew, a very destructive Category 5 tropical cyclone that crossed the Bahamas, Southern Florida and South Central Louisiana. The storm was the then-most expensive tropical cyclone to ever strike the United States.

Fall 1992 and the winter of 1992--1993 turned very wet for the Great Plains and the Midwestern United States. The rainfall and snowfall overall during the period were higher than usual. Making matters worse, another Central Pacific El Niño developed in spring 1993. In particular, the severe flooding in 1993 caused $15 billion to just under $17 billion in damage and killed almost fifty people. Furthermore, 1993 was one of the wettest years to happen for the Midwestern United States and the Great Plains.

The following year, 1994, was when yet another El Niño developed during mid-spring and lasted until almost the autumn. Despite having a just-below average hurricane season, there were several tropical storms or hurricanes for the Caribbean, Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico. Tropical Storm Alberto led to very catastrophic flooding in the Southeastern United States that killed 30 or more people and did over $1.5 billion in damage (some sources indicate Alberto might have been a weak hurricane prior to northwestern Florida landfall). In November 1994, Hurricane Gordon caused heavy damage in eastern Central America, Cuba, Hispaniola, Florida and Northeastern North Carolina. The storm killed an estimated 1,152 people although other estimates go from 1,800 to 2,200 people dead.

In the Pacific, after 1994's El Niño had faded, the Pacific Ocean was once again ENSO neutral (several ENSO related sources say this period might have been borderline El Niño although not warm enough for an actual such event). Following the neutral pattern during the winter season of 1994–95 into the spring of 1995, a weak La Niña, which would last from 1995 until the first three quarters of 1996, began developing in the Pacific.