Eighteen athletes of thirteen nations competed in round 1, thirteen athletes of nine nations continued in the semi-finals, and six athletes from six nations advanced to the final. That final race was won by Mariya Itkina of the Soviet Union in 53.4 seconds, equalling her own world record, with Joy Grieveson of Great Britain and Tilly van der Zwaard of the Netherlands finishing in second and third place respectively.
Eighteen athletes from thirteen nations competed in four heats of round 1 on 12 September. The three fastest athletes in each heat qualified (Q) for the semi-finals. In the first heat, Evelyne Lebret of France and Libuše Králíčková of Czechoslovakia didn't qualify for the semi-finals, but they set national records (NR) of 56.2 s and 56.3 s respectively. In the third heat, all four athletes advanced to the semi-finals, because Nadja Simic of Yugoslavia and Pam Piercy of Great Britain tied in third place both finishing in 56.5 s.
Thirteen athletes from nine nations competed in two heats of the semi-finals on 13 September. The three fastest athletes in heat qualified for the final (Q). In the first heat, Tilly van der Zwaard of the Netherlands set a national record (NR) of 54.6 s. In the second heat, Joy Grieveson of Great Britain and Helga Henning of West Germany set a national records (NR) of 54.2 s and 54.7 s respectively, both qualifying for the final, and Antónia Munkácsi of Hungary and Nadja Simic of Yugoslavia set national records (NR) of 55.3 s and 56.4 s respectively, but they didn't make it to the next round.