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1862–63 United States House of Representatives elections

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1862–63 United States House of Representatives elections
← 1860 & 1861 June 2, 1862 – November 3, 1863[a] 1864 & 1865 →
All 183 seats[b][c] in the United States House of Representatives
92 seats needed for a majority
  First party Second party
 
Leader Galusha A. Grow
(lost re-election) 		Samuel Cox
Party Republican-Union Democratic
Alliance
Parties
Leader's seat Pennsylvania 12th Ohio 7th
Last election 108 seats[d] 43 seats
Seats won 98 73
Seat change Decrease 10 Increase 30
Popular vote 1,591,978 1,444,328
Percentage 49.8% 45.3%
  Third party Fourth party
 
Party Union Democratic Conservative Union
Last election 9 seats New party
Seats won 8 1
Seat change Decrease 1 Increase 1
Popular vote 59,550 9,937
Percentage 1.9% 0.3%
  Fifth party Sixth party
 
Party Unconditional Union Democratic Independent
Last election New party 1[e]
Seats won 1 2[f]
Seat change Increase 1 Increase 1
Popular vote 6,936 40,731[g]
Percentage 0.2% 1.3%[g]
Results
     Democratic gain      Democratic hold
     Republican gain      Republican hold
     Union gain      Union hold
     Emancipation gain[2]
Speaker before election

Galusha A. Grow
Republican

Elected Speaker

Schuyler Colfax
Republican-Union

The 1862–63 United States House of Representatives elections were held between June 2, 1862, and November 3, 1863, to elect the 184 members and eight non-voting delegates of the House of Representatives. The Republican-Union coalition won a reduced majority against the backdrop of the American Civil War.[1]

In the first real test of the Lincoln administration's popularity, the Democratic Party made large gains in these and concurrent elections held in 1862 and 1863.[3] Much of the campaign focussed on Lincoln's handling of the war and the Emancipation Proclamation. Lincoln issued the preliminary proclamation on September 22, weeks before critical races in Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, (October 14) and New York (November 3). Democrats denounced emancipation as tyrannical and a dangerous threat to white supremacy. Democratic election propaganda charged their opponents with bloodlust and religious fanaticism and made frequent appeals to anti-Black racism.[4] While Radical Republicans defended the measure, others felt compelled to distance themselves from the president's policy.[5] In Indiana and Ohio, the Union Party downplayed the slavery issue.[6] The issue was particularly troublesome for Unionists in the border states. Kentucky's Union Democratic Party disavowed the proclamation ahead of congressional elections held in August 1863.[7] In Maryland and Missouri, Unionists welcomed emancipation in principle but divided over questions over gradual versus immediate abolition and the enlistment of Black soldiers.[8]

Other issues impacted the election, including Lincoln's suspension of habeas corpus, conscription, and the progress of the war. Inconclusive Union victories at Antietam, Corinth, and Perryville contributed to a perception that the administration's military strategy was ineffective. Democrats charged the administration with subordinating the restoration of the Union to the radical social policy of the abolitionist movement.[9]

During this election, the Republican Party formed a coalition with War Democrats and border state unionists who supported the war effort. In most states, this coalition was known as the Union Party or as the Republican-Union Party.[10] In parts of New England and the Upper Midwest, pro-administration candidates still called themselves Republicans.[11] The Missouri Unionists were known as the Emancipation Party and split between Immediate and Gradual Emancipationists during this election.[12] The Republican-Union coalition became the basis for the National Union Party which contested the next election.[13]

While contemporary observers interpreted the elections as a "severe reproof" of the administration, the results of the elections were inconclusive.[14] Democrats flipped more than 30 seats compared to the last election, while Republican-Unionists suffered serious losses across the Lower North. The strong showing for Union candidates in the border states, however, salvaged the Republican-Unionist majority.[15] Among the defeated Republican-Unionists was the incumbent speaker of the House of Representatives Galusha A. Grow, who lost his Pennsylvania district to a Democratic challenger.[16] This was the last election in which a sitting speaker of the House was defeated for re-election until 1994, when George Nethercutt defeated Tom Foley in Washington's 5th congressional district.[17]

Results

[edit]

Federal

[edit]
↓
73 12 98
Democratic [h] Republican-Union
1862–63 United States House of Representatives elections[i]
Parties Seats Popular vote
1860–61 1862–63 ± % Votes %
Union Party 15 56 Increase 41 30.60 1,134,687 35.62
Republican Party 108 36 Decrease 72 19.67 412,647 12.95
Immediate Emancipation Party 0 4 Increase 4 2.18 25,328 0.80
Emancipation Party 0 1 Increase 1 0.55 14,415 0.45
Gradual Emancipation Party 0 1 Increase 1 0.55 4,901 0.15
Republican–Union coalition
123
98
Decrease 25
53.55
1,591,978
49.78
Democratic Party 43 73 Increase 30 39.89 1,444,328 45.34
Union Democratic Party (Kentucky) 9 8 Decrease 1 4.37 59,550 1.87
Independent Republican-Unionist 0 1 Increase 1 0.55 15,519 0.49
War Democrat 0 1 Increase 1 0.55 11,965 0.38
Conservative Union Party 0 1 Increase 1 0.55 9,937 0.31
Unconditional Union Democratic Party 0 1 Increase 1 0.55 6,936 0.22
People's Party 0 0 Steady 0.00 45,285 1.42
Union Party (Kansas) 0 0 Steady 0.00 4,666 0.15
Independent Democrat 1 0 Decrease 1 0.00 4,393 0.14
Peace Democrat 0 0 Steady 0.00 2,857 0.09
Independent Union Democrat 0 0 Steady 0.00 2,487 0.08
Union Democratic Party (Maine) 0 0 Steady 0.00 1,290 0.04
Others 7 0 Decrease 7 0.00 3,510 0.11
Total 183 183 Steady 100.00 3,185,800 100.00

Results by state

[edit]
State Type Date Total seats Democratic Republican-Union[j] Others[k]
Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change
Oregon At-large June 2, 1862 1 Steady 0 Decrease 1 1 Increase 1 0 Steady
Maine Districts September 8, 1862 5 Decrease 1 1 Increase 1 4 Decrease 2 0 Steady
Indiana Districts October 14, 1862 11 Steady 7 Increase 3 4 Decrease 3 0 Steady
Iowa Districts 6 Increase 4 0 Steady 6 Increase 4 0 Steady
Ohio Districts 19 Decrease 2 14 Increase 6 5 Decrease 8 0 Steady
Pennsylvania Districts 24 Decrease 1 12[l] Increase 6 12[m] Decrease 7 0 Steady
Delaware At-large November 1, 1862 1 Steady 1 Increase 1 0 Decrease 1 0 Steady
Massachusetts Districts 10 Decrease 1 0 Steady 10 Steady 0 Decrease 1[n]
Illinois Mixed[o] November 4, 1862
(Election Day)[p] 		14 Increase 5 9 Increase 4 5 Increase 1 0 Steady
Kansas At-large 1 Steady 0 Steady 1 Steady 0 Steady
Michigan Districts 6 Increase 2 1 Increase 1 5 Increase 1 0 Steady
Minnesota Districts 2 Steady 0 Steady 2 Steady 0 Steady
Missouri Districts 9 Increase 2 2 Decrease 3 6 Increase 5 1[q] Steady
New Jersey Districts 5 Steady 4 Increase 1 1 Decrease 1 0 Steady
New York Districts 31 Decrease 2 17 Increase 7 14 Decrease 9 0 Steady
Wisconsin Districts 6 Increase 3 3 Increase 3 3 Steady 0 Steady
Late elections (after the March 4, 1863 beginning of the term)
New Hampshire Districts March 10, 1863 3 Steady 1 Increase 1 2 Decrease 1 0 Steady
Rhode Island Districts April 1, 1863 2 Steady 0 Steady 2 Increase 2 2[r] Decrease 2
Connecticut Districts April 6, 1863 4 Steady 1 Decrease 1 3 Increase 1 0 Steady
Kentucky Districts August 3, 1863 9 Decrease 1 0 Steady 0 Steady 9[s] Decrease 1[t]
Vermont Districts September 1, 1863 3 Steady 0 Steady 3 Steady 0 Steady
California At-large September 2, 1863 3 Steady 0 Steady 3 Steady 0 Steady
West Virginia Districts October 22, 1863 3 Increase 3 0 Steady 3 Increase 3 0 Steady
Maryland Districts November 3, 1863 5 Decrease 1 1 Increase 3 4 Decrease 1 0 Decrease 1[u]
Seceded states not holding elections
Alabama Districts None 6 Decrease 1
Arkansas Districts None 3 Increase 1
Florida At-large None 1 Steady
Georgia Districts None 7 Decrease 1
Louisiana Districts None 5 Increase 1 Decrease 2
Mississippi Districts None 5 Steady
North Carolina Districts None 7 Decrease 1
South Carolina Districts None 4 Decrease 2
Tennessee Districts None 8 Decrease 2 Decrease 3
Texas Districts None 4 Increase 2
Virginia Districts None 11[v] Decrease 2 Decrease 5
Total[b] 183 Steady 74 Increase 30 99 Decrease 25 10 Decrease 5
58 Vacancies 40.4% 54.1% 5.5%
Popular vote
Republican-Union
 
 49.8%
Democratic
 
 45.3%
Union Democratic
 
 1.9%
People's
 
 1.4%
Other
 
 1.3%
Conservative Union
 
 0.3%
Unconditional Union Democratic
 
 0.2%
Union (Kansas)
 
 0.2%
House seats
Republican-Union
 
 53.6%
Democratic
 
 39.9%
Union Democratic
 
 4.4%
War Democrats
 
 0.5%
Independent Unionists
 
 0.5%
Conservative Union
 
 0.5%
Unconditional Union Democratic
 
 0.5%

Reapportionment

[edit]

Reapportionment took place following the 1860 United States census. The 1862 apportionment act increased the size of the House to 241 seats from 233.[18] Fifty-eight seats were vacant due to secession.[1]

Three seats were transferred from Virginia to West Virginia following the latter's admission on June 20, 1863.[19] One seat was allocated to Nevada upon its admission on October 31, 1864, increasing the size of the House to 242 seats and the number of elected members to 184.[20]

Special elections

[edit]
See also: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives

Special elections were held in 1862 and 1863 to fill 10 vacancies in the 37th Congress and four vacancies in the 38th Congress.

37th Congress

[edit]
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[21]
Missouri 5 John William Reid Democratic 1860 Incumbent expelled December 2, 1861.
New member elected January 6, 1862.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Thomas L. Price (Democratic) 78.33%
  • ▌ George R. Smith (Unknown) 20.83%
  • Scattering 0.83%
Kentucky 1 Henry C. Burnett Southern Rights 1855 Incumbent expelled December 3, 1861.
New member elected January 20, 1862.
Union Democratic gain.
Virginia 1 Joseph Segar Union 1861 Incumbent declared not entitled February 11, 1862.
Incumbent re-elected March 15, 1862.
Union hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Joseph Segar (Union) 54.91%
  • ▌ Athur Watson (Unknown) 43.03%
  • Scattering 2.06%
Illinois 9 John A. Logan Democratic 1858 Incumbent resigned April 2, 1862.
New member elected May 6, 1862.
Democratic hold.
Pennsylvania 7 Thomas B. Cooper Democratic 1860 Incumbent died April 4, 1862.
New member elected May 24, 1862.
Democratic hold.
Maine 2 Charles W. Walton Republican 1860 Incumbent resigned May 26, 1862.
New member elected September 8, 1862.
Republican hold.
Kentucky 2 James S. Jackson Union
Democratic 		1861 Incumbent resigned December 13, 1861.
New member elected October 27, 1862.
Union Democratic hold.
Massachusetts 9 Goldsmith Bailey Republican 1860 Incumbent died May 8, 1862.
New member elected November 4, 1862.
Republican hold.
Wisconsin 2 Luther Hanchett Republican 1860 Incumbent died November 24, 1862.
New member elected December 30, 1862.
Republican hold.
Winner was also elected to the next term; see below.
Virginia 7 Charles H. Upton Union 1861 Election invalidated February 27, 1862.
New member elected January 15, 1863.
Union hold.

38th Congress

[edit]
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[22]
Wisconsin 6 Luther Hanchett Republican 1860 Incumbent died November 23, 1862, after winning re-election.
New member elected December 30, 1862.
Republican hold.
Successor was also elected to finish the current term; see above.
Missouri 3 John W. Noell Emancipation 1860 Incumbent died March 14, 1863.
New member elected August 3, 1863.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY John G. Scott (Democratic) 52.14%
  • ▌ James Lindsay (Immediate Emancipation) 41.65%
  • ▌ Joseph Bogy (Independent Democrat) 6.22%
New York 14 Erastus Corning Democratic 1860 Incumbent resigned October 5, 1863.
New member elected November 3, 1863.
Democratic hold.
Delaware at-large William Temple Democratic 1862 Incumbent died May 28, 1863.
New member elected November 19, 1863.
Union gain.

Alabama

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Alabama

Alabama did not hold elections as a result of secession.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Alabama 1 Vacant Seat vacant since January 12, 1861.
No election. 		None.
Alabama 2 Vacant Seat vacant since January 12, 1861.
No election. 		None.
Alabama 3 Vacant Seat vacant since January 12, 1861.
No election. 		None.
Alabama 4 Vacant Seat vacant since January 12, 1861.
No election. 		None.
Alabama 5 Vacant Seat vacant since January 12, 1861.
No election. 		None.
Alabama 6 Vacant Seat vacant since January 12, 1861.
No election. 		None.

Arkansas

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Arkansas

Arkansas held no elections in 1862 or 1863 as a result of secession. Late elections were held from March 14–16, 1864, but the elected members were not seated by the House.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[22]
Arkansas 1 Vacant Seat vacant since May 6, 1861.
Claimant not seated.
  • ▌Green tickY T. M. Jacks (Unknown)
Arkansas 2 Vacant Seat vacant since May 6, 1861.
Claimant not seated.
Arkansas 3 Vacant Seat vacant since May 6, 1861.
Claimant not seated.

California

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from California

California elected its members on September 2, 1863, after the term began but before Congress convened. Voters chose three members on a statewide general ticket to represent the state's at-large congressional district.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[16]
California at-large
Plural district with 3 seats 		Timothy Phelps Republican 1861 Incumbent retired.
Union gain.
Aaron A. Sargent Republican 1861 Incumbent retired.
Union gain.
Frederick F. Low Republican 1861 Incumbent retired.
Union gain.

Connecticut

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Connecticut and 1863 United States Senate election in Connecticut

Connecticut elected its members April 6, 1863, after the term began but before the Congress convened.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[16]
Connecticut 1 Dwight Loomis Republican 1859 Incumbent retired.
Union gain.
Connecticut 2 James E. English Democratic 1861 Incumbent re-elected.
Connecticut 3 Alfred A. Burnham Republican 1859 Incumbent retired.
Union gain.
Connecticut 4 George C. Woodruff Democratic 1861 Incumbent lost re-election.
Union gain.

Colorado Territory

[edit]

See non-voting delegates, below.

Delaware

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Delaware and 1863 United States Senate election in Delaware

Delaware elected its member on November 1, 1862.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[23]
Delaware at-large George P. Fisher People's 1860 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.

Dakota Territory

[edit]

See non-voting delegates, below.

Florida

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Florida

Florida did not hold elections as a result of secession.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Florida at-large Vacant Seat vacant since January 10, 1861.
No election. 		None.

Georgia

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Georgia

Georgia did not hold elections as a result of secession.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Georgia 1 Vacant Seat vacant since January 19, 1861.
No election. 		None.
Georgia 2 Vacant Seat vacant since January 19, 1861.
No election. 		None.
Georgia 3 Vacant Seat vacant since January 19, 1861.
No election. 		None.
Georgia 4 Vacant Seat vacant since January 19, 1861.
No election. 		None.
Georgia 5 Vacant Seat vacant since January 19, 1861.
No election. 		None.
Georgia 6 Vacant Seat vacant since January 19, 1861.
No election. 		None.
Georgia 7 Vacant Seat vacant since January 19, 1861.
No election. 		None.

Idaho Territory

[edit]

See non-voting delegates, below.

Illinois

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Illinois and 1863 United States Senate special election in Illinois

Illinois elected its members on November 4, 1862.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[23][w]
Illinois at-large None (new seat) New seat.
Democratic gain.
Illinois 1 Isaac N. Arnold
Redistricted from the 2nd district 		Republican 1860 Incumbent re-elected with a new party.
Union gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Isaac N. Arnold (Union) 54.45%
  • ▌ Francis C. Sherman (Democratic) 45.55%
Illinois 2 Vacant Incumbent redistricted to the 1st district.
Union gain.
Illinois 3 Elihu B. Washburne
Redistricted from the 1st district 		Republican 1852 Incumbent re-elected with a new party.
Union gain.
Illinois 4 William Kellogg Republican 1856 Incumbent retired.
Union gain.
Illinois 5 Owen Lovejoy
Redistricted from the 3rd district 		Republican 1856 Incumbent re-elected with a new party.
Union gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Owen Lovejoy (Union) 50.10%
  • ▌ Francis C. Sherman (Democratic) 47.26%
Illinois 6 None (new seat) New seat.
Union gain.
Illinois 7 None (new seat) New seat.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY John R. Eden (Union) 53.18%
  • ▌ Elijah McCarty (Democratic) 46.82%
Illinois 8 Philip B. Fouke Democratic 1858 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Illinois 9 None (new seat) New seat.
Democratic gain.
Illinois 10 Anthony L. Knapp
Redistricted from the 6th district 		Democratic 1861 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Illinois 11 James C. Robinson
Redistricted from the 7th district 		Democratic 1858 Incumbent re-elected
Illinois 12 None (new seat) New seat.
Democratic gain.
Illinois 13 William J. Allen
Redistricted from the 9th district 		Democratic 1862 (special) Incumbent re-elected.

Indiana

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Indiana, 1862 United States Senate election in Indiana, and 1863 United States Senate special election in Indiana

Indiana elected its members on October 14, 1862.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[23]
Indiana 1 John Law Democratic 1860 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY John Law (Democratic) 55.52%
  • ▌ Alvah Johnson (Union) 44.48%
Indiana 2 James A. Cravens Democratic 1860 Incumbent re-elected.
Indiana 2 William M. Dunn Republican 1858 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Indiana 4 William S. Holman Democratic 1858 Incumbent re-elected.
Indiana 5 George W. Julian Republican 1860 Incumbent re-elected with a new party.
Union gain.
Indiana 6 Albert G. Porter Republican 1858 Incumbent retired.
Union gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Ebenezer Dumont (Union) 51.80%
  • ▌ Alexander B. Conduitt (Democratic) 48.20%
Indiana 7 Daniel W. Voorhees Democratic 1860 Incumbent re-elected.
Indiana 8 Albert Smith White Republican 1860 Incumbent retired.
Union gain.
Indiana 9 Schuyler Colfax Republican 1858 Incumbent re-elected with a new party.
Union gain.
Indiana 10 William Mitchell Republican 1860 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Indiana 11 John U. Pettit Republican 1856 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.

Iowa

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Iowa

Iowa elected its members on October 14, 1862.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[25]
Iowa 1 Samuel R. Curtis Republican 1856 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY James F. Wilson (Republican) 54.78%
  • ▌ Joseph K. Hornish (Democratic) 45.22%
Iowa 2 William Vandever Republican 1858 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Hiram Price (Republican) 63.42%
  • ▌ Edward H. Thayer (Democratic) 36.58%
Iowa 3 None (new seat) New seat.
Republican gain.
Iowa 4 None (new seat) New seat.
Republican gain.
Iowa 5 None (new seat) New seat.
Republican gain.
  • ▌Green tickY John A. Kasson (Republican) 58.38%
  • ▌ D. O. Finch (Democratic) 41.62%
Iowa 6 None (new seat) New seat.
Republican gain.

Kansas

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Kansas

Kansas elected its member on November 4, 1862.

Whereas the Union Party replaced the Republicans in most states during the war, the Kansas Republican Party remained active. In a factional schism, opponents of U.S. senator Jim Lane split from the Republican Party in 1862 to form the Union Party with the support of the state's Democrats. This party, which nominated Marcus J. Parrott for Congress, was not affiliated with the national Republican-Union coalition and broke apart during the 1864 presidential election.[26]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[27]
Kansas at-large Martin F. Conway Republican 1859 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.

Kentucky

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Kentucky

Kentucky elected its members on August 3, 1863, after the new term began but before Congress convened.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[28]
Kentucky 1 Samuel L. Casey Union
Democratic 		1862 (special) Incumbent retired.
Union Democratic hold.
Kentucky 2 George H. Yeaman Union
Democratic 		1862 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Kentucky 3 Henry Grider Union
Democratic 		1861 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Henry Grider (Union Democratic) 87.00%
  • ▌ Thomas C. Winfrey (Peace Democratic) 23.00%
Kentucky 4 Aaron Harding Union
Democratic 		1861 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Aaron Harding (Union Democratic) 80.62%
  • ▌ William J. Heady (Peace Democratic) 19.38%
Kentucky 5 Charles A. Wickliffe Union
Democratic 		1861 Incumbent retired.
Union Democratic loss.
  • ▌Green tickY Robert Mallory (Union Democratic) 71.64%
  • ▌ Nathaniel Wolfe (Peace Democratic) 28.36%
Robert Mallory
Redistricted from the 7th district 		Union
Democratic 		1859 Incumbent re-elected.
Kentucky 6 George W. Dunlap Union
Democratic 		1859 Incumbent retired.
Unconditional Union Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Green C. Smith (Unconditional Union Democratic) 61.99%
  • ▌ John W. Menzies (Union Democratic) 20.40%
  • ▌ John W. Leathers (Peace Democratic) 17.61%
John W. Menzies
Redistricted from the 10th district 		Union
Democratic 		1861 Incumbent lost re-election.
Union Democratic loss.
Kentucky 7 Vacant Incumbent redistricted to the 5th district.
Union Democratic hold.
Kentucky 8 Vacant[x] Incumbent died July 26, 1863.
Union Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY William H. Randall (Union Democratic) 97.58%
  • ▌ Robert Bradley (Peace Democratic) 2.42%
Kentucky 9 William H. Wadsworth Union
Democratic 		1861 Incumbent re-elected.

Louisiana

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Louisiana

Louisiana held no elections in 1862 or 1863 as a result of secession. Late elections were held on September 5, 1864, but the elected members were not seated by the House.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Louisiana 1 Benjamin Flanders Union 1862 Incumbent retired.
Claimant not seated.
Union loss.
  • ▌Green tickY M. F. Bonzano (Unknown) 51.54%
  • ▌ Edmund Abell (Unknown) 48.46%
Louisiana 2 Michael Hahn Union 1862 Incumbent retired.
Claimant not seated.
Union loss.
  • ▌Green tickY A. P. Field (Unknown) 57.38%
  • ▌ A. P. Dostie (Unknown) 42.62%
Louisiana 3 Vacant Seat vacant since January 26, 1861.
Claimant not seated.
  • ▌Green tickY W. D. Mann (Unknown) 95.02%
  • ▌ Scattering 4.98%
Louisiana 4 Vacant Seat vacant since January 26, 1861.
Claimant not seated.
  • ▌Green tickY T. M. Welles (Unknown) 100.00%
Louisiana 5 Vacant Seat vacant since January 26, 1861.
Claimant not seated.
  • ▌Green tickY Robert W. Taliaferro (Unknown) 100.00%

Maine

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Maine and 1863 United States Senate election in Maine

Maine elected its members on September 8, 1862.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[27]
Maine 1 John N. Goodwin Republican 1860 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Maine 2 Charles W. Walton Republican 1860 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Sidney Perham (Republican) 57.00%
  • ▌ George Bates (Democratic) 43.00%
Maine 3 Samuel C. Fessenden Republican 1860 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY James G. Blaine (Republican) 58.13%
  • ▌ Albert P. Gould (Democratic) 38.18%
  • Scattering 3.70%
Maine 4 Anson Morrill Republican 1856 Incumbent retired.
Republican loss.
  • ▌Green tickY John H. Rice (Republican) 61.47%
  • ▌ Gorham L. Boynton (Democratic) 28.76%
  • ▌ Isaac Hayes (Union Democratic) 9.77%
John H. Rice
Redistricted from the 5th district 		Republican 1860 Incumbent re-elected.
Maine 5 Frederick A. Pike
Redistricted from the 6th district 		Republican 1860 Incumbent re-elected.

Maryland

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Maryland

Maryland elected its members on November 3, 1863, after the new term began but before Congress convened.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[22]
Maryland 1 John W. Crisfield Union 1861 Incumbent lost re-election with a new party.
Union hold.
Maryland 2 Edwin H. Webster Union 1859 Incumbent re-elected.
Maryland 3 Cornelius Leary Union 1861 Incumbent retired.
Union hold.
Maryland 4 Henry May Union and Peace 1861 Incumbent retired.
Union and Peace loss.
Francis Thomas
Redistricted from the 5th district 		Union 1861 Incumbent re-elected.
Maryland 5 Charles B. Calvert
Redistricted from the 6th district 		Union 1861 Incumbent lost re-election with a new party.
Democratic gain.

Massachusetts

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Massachusetts and 1863 United States Senate election in Massachusetts

Massachusetts elected its members on November 1, 1862.

Massachusetts Republicans resisted incorporation into the Union Party in 1861 and 1862. Conservative Republicans, former Whigs, and Democrats attended the state convention of the Constitutional Union Party which nominated candidates for the upcoming elections. The convention called itself the People's Party in order to attract votes from Democrats. Conservative former Whigs and Republicans in the party expressed strong support for the Lincoln administration during the spring and summer under the belief that the president firmly opposed emancipation. The Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, issued less than two weeks before the state convention met, helped to divide and defeat the new party in its infancy.[29]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[27]
Massachusetts 1 Thomas D. Eliot Republican 1858 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Thomas D. Eliot (Republican) 70.57%
  • ▌ Daniel Fisher (Democratic) 23.21%
  • ▌ William R. Easter (Unknown) 6.23%
Massachusetts 2 James Buffington Republican 1854 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Oakes Ames (Republican) 61.08%
  • ▌ William D. Swan (People's) 38.92%
Massachusetts 3 Alexander H. Rice
Redistricted from the 4th district 		Republican 1858 Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 4 Samuel Hooper
Redistricted from the 5th district 		Republican 1861 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 5 John B. Alley
Redistricted from the 6th district 		Republican 1858 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY John B. Alley (Republican) 61.17%
  • ▌ Benjamin Poole (People's) 38.83%
Massachusetts 6 Daniel W. Gooch
Redistricted from the 7th district 		Republican 1858 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Daniel W. Gooch (Republican) 56.91%
  • ▌ Oliver H. Perry (People's) 43.09%
Massachusetts 7 Benjamin F. Thomas
Redistricted from the 3rd district 		Union 1861 (special) Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
Massachusetts 8 Charles R. Train Republican 1858 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Massachusetts 9 Vacant[y] Incumbent died May 8, 1862.
Republican hold.
Massachusetts 10 Charles Delano Republican 1858 Incumbent retired.
Republican loss.
Henry L. Dawes
Redistricted from the 11th district 		Republican 1856 Incumbent re-elected.

Michigan

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Michigan, 1862 United States Senate special election in Michigan, and 1863 United States Senate election in Michigan

Michigan elected its members on November 4, 1862.

A Democratic proposal for a bipartisan Union ticket was rejected by the Radical leadership of the Michigan Republican Party. The Democrats went ahead with plans for a Union state convention and called themselves Union Democrats or Fusionists during the campaign in hopes of attracting votes from disaffected Conservative Republicans. Some conservatives did support the Union ticket, which was disavowed by the Republican state committee.[30]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[27]
Michigan 1 Fernando C. Beaman
Redistricted from the 2nd district 		Republican 1860 Incumbent re-elected.
Michigan 2 None (new seat) New seat.
Republican gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Charles Upson (Republican) 55.41%
  • ▌ John W. Turner (Union Democratic) 44.59%
Michigan 3 Bradley F. Granger
Redistricted from the 1st district 		Republican 1860 Incumbent lost re-election with a new party.
Republican hold.
Michigan 4 Francis W. Kellogg
Redistricted from the 3rd district 		Republican 1858 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Francis W. Kellogg (Republican) 57.81%
  • ▌ Thomas B. Church (Union Democratic) 42.19%
Michigan 5 Rowland E. Trowbridge
Redistricted from the 4th district 		Republican 1860 Incumbent lost re-election.
Union Democratic gain.
Michigan 6 None (new seat) New seat.
Republican gain.
  • ▌Green tickY John F. Driggs (Republican) 51.77%
  • ▌ John Moore (Union Democratic) 48.23%

Minnesota

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Minnesota and 1863 United States Senate election in Minnesota

Minnesota elected its members on November 4, 1862.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[27]
Minnesota 1 William Windom
Redistricted from the at-large district 		Republican 1859 Incumbent re-elected.
Minnesota 2 Cyrus Aldrich
Redistricted from the at-large district 		Republican 1859 Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator.
Republican hold.

Mississippi

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Mississippi

Mississippi did not hold elections as a result of secession.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Mississippi 1 Vacant Seat vacant since January 9, 1861.
No election. 		None.
Mississippi 2 Vacant Seat vacant since January 9, 1861.
No election. 		None.
Mississippi 3 Vacant Seat vacant since January 9, 1861.
No election. 		None.
Mississippi 4 Vacant Seat vacant since January 9, 1861.
No election. 		None.
Mississippi 5 Vacant Seat vacant since January 9, 1861.
No election. 		None.

Missouri

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Missouri, 1863 United States Senate election in Missouri, and 1863 United States Senate special election in Missouri

Missouri elected its members on November 4, 1862.

Missouri Unionists contested this election as the Emancipation Party.[31] The party was divided ideologically between conservative Claybanks, who favored a plan of gradual emancipation, and radical Charcoals, who supported immediate emancipation.[32] In St. Louis, Gradual and Immediate Emancipationists ran opposing tickets.[33] Some sources list the Gradual Emancipation candidates as Republicans;[34] however, the Republican state committee deliberately deemphasized old party labels in its call for the state convention which gave rise to the Emancipation Party.[35] Francis Preston Blair Jr., the most prominent leader of the Antebellum Missouri Republican Party, was nominated on the Union Emancipation ticket in Missouri's 1st congressional district and contested the election as a Gradual Emancipationist.[36]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[37]
Missouri 1 Francis P. Blair Jr. Republican 1860 Incumbent re-elected with a new party.
Gradual Emancipation gain.
Missouri 2 None (new seat) New seat.
Immediate Emancipation gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Henry T. Blow (Immediate Emancipation) 69.51%
  • ▌ Thomas Allen (Democratic) 28.95%
  • ▌ Thomas S. Nelson (Gradual Emancipation) 1.53%
Missouri 3 John B. Clark Democratic 1856 Incumbent retired.
Democratic loss.
John W. Noell
Redistricted from the 7th district 		Democratic 1858 Incumbent re-elected with a new party.
Emancipation gain.
Missouri 4 Elijah H. Norton Democratic 1860 Incumbent retired.
Immediate Emancipation gain.
John S. Phelps
Redistricted from the 6th district 		Democratic 1844 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic loss.
Missouri 5 Thomas L. Price Democratic 1862 (special) Incumbent lost re-election.
Immediate Emancipation gain.
Missouri 6 Vacant Incumbent redistricted to the 4th district.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌ Austin A. King (Democratic) 45.28%
  • ▌ James H. Birch (Peace Democrat) 30.49%
  • ▌ Edward M. Samuel (Independent Democrat) 17.35%
  • ▌ Henry B. Bouton (Emancipation) 6.87%
Missouri 7 None (new seat) New seat.
Immediate Emancipation gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Benjamin F. Loan (Immediate Emancipation) 43.53%
  • ▌ John P. Bruce (Democratic) 35.58%
  • ▌ Henry B. Branch (Emancipation) 20.90%
Missouri 8 William A. Hall
Redistricted from the 3rd district 		Democratic 1861 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ William A. Hall (Democratic) 53.01%
  • ▌ Moses P. Green (Emancipation) 46.99%
Missouri 9 James S. Rollins
Redistricted from the 2nd district 		Constitutional
Union 		1860 Incumbent re-elected with a new party.
Conservative Union gain.

Nebraska Territory

[edit]

See non-voting delegates, below.

Nevada Territory

[edit]

See non-voting delegates, below.

New Hampshire

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from New Hampshire

New Hampshire elected its members on March 10, 1863.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[22]
New Hampshire 1 Gilman Marston Republican 1859 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Daniel Marcy (Democratic) 50.17%
  • ▌ Joel Eastman (Republican) 49.83%
New Hampshire 2 Edward H. Rollins Republican 1861 Incumbent re-elected.
New Hampshire 3 Thomas M. Edwards Republican 1859 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.

New Mexico Territory

[edit]

See non-voting delegates, below.

New Jersey

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from New Jersey, 1863 United States Senate election in New Jersey, and 1863 United States Senate special election in New Jersey

New Jersey elected its members on November 4, 1862.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[27]
New Jersey 1 John T. Nixon Republican 1858 Incumbent retired.
Union gain.
  • ▌Green tickY John F. Starr (Union) 51.44%
  • ▌ Nathaniel T. Stratton (Democratic) 48.56%
New Jersey 2 John L. N. Stratton Republican 1858 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
New Jersey 3 William G. Steele Democratic 1860 Incumbent re-elected.
New Jersey 4 George T. Cobb Democratic 1860 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
New Jersey 5 Nehemiah Perry Democratic 1858 Incumbent re-elected
  • ▌Green tickY Nehemiah Perry (Democratic) 58.57%
  • ▌ Joseph B. Bradley (Union) 41.43%

New York

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from New York and 1863 United States Senate election in New York

New York elected its members on November 4, 1862.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[39]
New York 1 Edward H. Smith Democratic 1860 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
New York 2 William Wall
Redistricted from the 5th district 		Republican 1860 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
New York 3 Moses F. Odell
Redistricted from the 2nd district 		Democratic 1860 Incumbent re-elected.
New York 4 Benjamin Wood
Redistricted from the 3rd district 		Democratic 1860 Incumbent re-elected.
New York 5 Vacant Incumbent redistricted to the 2nd district.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Fernando Wood (Democratic) 70.10%
  • ▌ John Duffy (Union) 29.90%
New York 6 Frederick A. Conkling Republican 1860 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican loss.
Elijah Ward
Redistricted from the 7th district 		Democratic 1860 Incumbent re-elected.
New York 7 Vacant Incumbent redistricted to the 6th district.
Democratic hold.
New York 8 Isaac C. Delaplaine Democratic 1860 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
New York 9 Vacant Incumbent redistricted to the 10th district.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Anson Herrick (Democratic) 64.19%
  • ▌ Leod Murphy (Union) 35.81%
New York 10 Charles Van Wyck Republican 1858 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
Edward Haight
Redistricted from the 9th district 		Democratic 1860 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic loss.
New York 11 Vacant Incumbent redistricted to the 13th district.
Democratic hold.
New York 12 Charles L. Beale Republican 1858 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
New York 13 John B. Steele
Redistricted from the 11th district 		Democratic 1860 Incumbent re-elected.
New York 14 Erastus Corning Democratic 1860 Incumbent re-elected.
New York 15 James B. McKean Republican 1858 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
New York 16 William A. Wheeler Republican 1860 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Orlando Kellogg (Democratic) 52.28%
  • ▌ Benjamin P. Burhans (Union) 47.72%
New York 17 Socrates N. Sherman Republican 1860 Incumbent retired.
Union gain.
New York 18 Chauncey Vibbard Democratic 1860 Incumbent retired.
Union gain.
New York 19 Richard Franchot Republican 1860 Incumbent retired.
Union gain.
New York 20 Ambrose W. Clark
Redistricted from the 23rd district 		Republican 1860 Incumbent re-elected with a new party.
Union gain.
New York 21 Roscoe Conkling
Redistricted from the 20th district 		Republican 1858 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Francis Kernan (Democratic) 50.25%
  • ▌ Roscoe Conkling (Union) 49.75%
New York 22 William E. Lansing Republican 1860 Incumbent retired.
Union gain.
New York 23 Vacant Incumbent redistricted to the 20th district.
Union gain.
New York 24 Charles B. Sedgwick Republican 1858 Incumbent retired.
Republican loss.
Theodore M. Pomeroy
Redistricted from the 25th district 		Republican 1860 Incumbent re-elected with a new party.
Union gain.
New York 25 Vacant Incumbent redistricted to the 24th district.
Union gain.
New York 26 Jacob P. Chamberlain Republican 1860 Incumbent retired.
Union gain.
New York 27 Alexander S. Diven Republican 1860 Incumbent retired.
Republican loss.
Robert B. Van Valkenburgh
Redistricted from the 28th district 		Republican 1860 Incumbent re-elected with a new party.
Union gain.
New York 28 Vacant Incumbent redistricted to the 27th district.
Union gain.
New York 29 Alfred Ely Republican 1858 Incumbent retired.
Republican loss.
Augustus Frank
Redistricted from the 30th district 		Republican 1858 Incumbent re-elected with a new party.
Union gain.
New York 30 Elbridge G. Spaulding
Redistricted from the 32nd district 		Republican 1858 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
New York 31 Burt Van Horn Republican 1860 Incumbent retired.
Republican loss.
  • ▌Green tickY Reuben Fenton (Union) 63.12%
  • ▌ Stephen D. Caldwell (Democratic) 36.88%
Reuben Fenton Republican 1856 Incumbent re-elected with a new party.
Union gain.

North Carolina

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from North Carolina

North Carolina did not hold elections as a result of secession.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
North Carolina 1 Vacant Seat vacant since May 20, 1861.
No election. 		None.
North Carolina 2 Vacant Seat vacant since May 20, 1861.
No election. 		None.
North Carolina 3 Vacant Seat vacant since May 20, 1861.
No election. 		None.
North Carolina 4 Vacant Seat vacant since May 20, 1861.
No election. 		None.
North Carolina 5 Vacant Seat vacant since May 20, 1861.
No election. 		None.
North Carolina 6 Vacant Seat vacant since May 20, 1861.
No election. 		None.
North Carolina 7 Vacant Seat vacant since May 20, 1861.
No election. 		None.

Ohio

[edit]
Main article: 1862 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio
See also: List of United States representatives from Ohio and 1863 United States Senate election in Ohio

Ohio elected its members on October 14, 1862.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[16]
Ohio 1 George H. Pendleton Democratic 1856 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 2 John A. Gurley Republican 1858 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Ohio 3 Clement Vallandigham Democratic 1858 Incumbent lost re-election.
Union gain.
Ohio 4 William Allen Democratic 1858 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Ohio 5 Vacant Incumbent redistricted to the 10th district.
Democratic gain.
Ohio 6 Chilton A. White Democratic 1860 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 7 Richard A. Harrison Union 1861 (special) Incumbent retired.
Union loss.
Samuel S. Cox
Redistricted from the 12th district 		Democratic 1856 Incumbent re-elected.
Samuel Shellabarger
Redistricted from the 8th district 		Republican 1860 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican loss.
Ohio 8 Vacant Incumbent redistricted to the 7th district.
Democratic gain.
Ohio 9 Warren P. Noble Democratic 1860 Incumbent re-elected.
Samuel T. Worcester
Redistricted from the 13th district 		Republican 1861 (special) Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican loss.
Ohio 10 James M. Ashley
Redistricted from the 5th district 		Republican 1858 Incumbent re-elected with a new party.
Union gain.
Ohio 11 Valentine B. Horton Republican 1860 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
Ohio 12 Carey A. Trimble
Redistricted from the 10th district 		Republican 1858 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Ohio 13 Vacant Incumbent redistricted to the 9th district.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY John O'Neill (Democratic) 56.82%
  • ▌ George B. Wright (Union) 43.18%
Ohio 14 Harrison G. O. Blake Republican 1859 (special) Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
Ohio 15 Robert H. Nugen Democratic 1860 Incumbent retired.
Democratic loss.
James R. Morris
Redistricted from the 17th district 		Democratic 1860 Incumbent re-elected.
William P. Cutler
Redistricted from the 16th district 		Republican 1860 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican loss.
Ohio 16 Vacant Incumbent redistricted to the 15th district.
Democratic gain.
Ohio 17 Vacant Incumbent redistricted to the 16th district.
Union gain.
Ohio 18 Sidney Edgerton Republican 1858 Incumbent retired.
Union gain.
Ohio 19 Albert G. Riddle Republican 1860 Incumbent retired.
Union gain.

Oregon

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Oregon

Oregon elected its members on June 2, 1862.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[16]
Oregon at-large George Shiel Democratic 1860 Incumbent retired.
Union gain.

Pennsylvania

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Pennsylvania and 1863 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania elected its members on October 14, 1862.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[16][aa]
Pennsylvania 1 William E. Lehman Democratic 1860 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Pennsylvania 2 Charles J. Biddle Democratic 1861 (special) Incumbent lost re-election.
Union gain.
Pennsylvania 3 John P. Verree Republican 1858 Incumbent retired.
Union gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Leonard Myers (Union) 50.13%
  • ▌ John Kilne (Democratic) 49.87%
Pennsylvania 4 William D. Kelley Republican 1860 Incumbent re-elected with a new party.
Union gain.
Pennsylvania 5 William M. Davis Republican 1860 Incumbent retired.
Union gain.
Pennsylvania 6 John Hickman Republican 1856 Incumbent retired.
Republican loss.
  • ▌Green tickY John D. Stiles (Democratic) 58.31%
  • ▌ David Krause (Union) 41.69%
John D. Stiles
Redistricted from the 7th district 		Democratic 1862 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Pennsylvania 7 Vacant Incumbent redistricted to the 6th district.
Union gain.
Pennsylvania 8 Sydenham E. Ancona Democratic 1860 Incumbent re-elected.
Pennsylvania 9 Thaddeus Stevens Republican 1858 Incumbent re-elected with a new party.
Union gain.
Pennsylvania 10 John W. Killinger Republican 1858 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
James H. Campbell
Redistricted from the 11th district 		Republican 1858 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican loss.
Pennsylvania 11 Philip Johnson
Redistricted from the 13th district 		Democratic 1860 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Philip Johnson (Democratic) 82.04%
  • ▌ Edward H. Rouch (Union) 17.96%
Pennsylvania 12 Hendrick B. Wright Democratic 1860 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Galusha A. Grow
Redistricted from the 14th district 		Republican 1850 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican loss.
Pennsylvania 13 Vacant Incumbent redistricted to the 11th district.
Union gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Henry W. Tracy (Union) 55.27%
  • ▌ Robert F. Clark (Democratic) 44.73%
Pennsylvania 14 Vacant Incumbent redistricted to the 12th district.
Democratic gain.
Pennsylvania 15 Joseph Bailey
Redistricted from the 16th district 		Democratic 1860 Incumbent re-elected with a new party.
War Democrat gain.
Pennsylvania 16 Edward McPherson
Redistricted from the 17th district 		Republican 1858 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Pennsylvania 17 Samuel S. Blair
Redistricted from the 18th district 		Republican 1858 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Pennsylvania 18 James T. Hale
Redistricted from the 15th district 		Republican 1858 Incumbent re-elected with a new party.
Independent Union gain.
Pennsylvania 19 John Covode Republican 1854 Incumbent retired.
Union gain.
Pennsylvania 20 Vacant Incumbent districted to the 24th district.
Union gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Amos Myers (Union) 51.70%
  • ▌ Gaylord Church (Democratic) 48.30%
Pennsylvania 21 Vacant Incumbent redistricted to the 22nd district.
Democratic gain.
Pennsylvania 22 Robert McKnight Republican 1858 Incumbent retired.
Republican loss.
James K. Moorhead
Redistricted from the 21st district 		Republican 1858 Incumbent re-elected with a new party.
Union gain.
Pennsylvania 23 Vacant Incumbent redistricted to the 24th district.
Union gain.
Pennsylvania 24 Elijah Babbitt Republican 1858 Incumbent retired.
Republican loss.
Jesse Lazear
Redistricted from the 20th district 		Democratic 1860 Incumbent re-elected.
John Winfield Wallace
Redistricted from the 23rd district 		Republican 1860 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican loss.

Rhode Island

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Rhode Island, 1862 United States Senate election in Rhode Island, and 1862 United States Senate special election in Rhode Island

Rhode Island elected its members on April 1, 1863, after the term began but before the Congress convened.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[16]
Rhode Island 1
Eastern district 		William P. Sheffield Constitutional Union 1861 Incumbent retired.
Union gain.
Rhode Island 2
Western district 		George H. Browne Constitutional Union 1861 Incumbent lost re-election with a new party.
Union gain.

South Carolina

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from South Carolina

South Carolina did not hold elections as a result of secession.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
South Carolina 1 Vacant Seat vacant since December 20, 1860.
No election. 		None.
South Carolina 2 Vacant Seat vacant since December 20, 1860.
No election. 		None.
South Carolina 3 Vacant Seat vacant since December 20, 1860.
No election. 		None.
South Carolina 4 Vacant Seat vacant since December 20, 1860.
No election. 		None.

Tennessee

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Tennessee

Tennessee did not hold elections as a result of secession.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Tennessee 1 Vacant Seat vacant since June 8, 1861.
No election. 		None.
Tennessee 2 Horace Maynard Union 1857 No election.
Union loss. 		None.
Tennessee 3 George W. Bridges Union 1861 No election.
Union loss. 		None.
Tennessee 4 A. J. Clements Union 1861 No election.
Union loss. 		None.
Tennessee 5 Vacant Seat vacant since June 8, 1861.
No election. 		None.
Tennessee 6 Vacant Seat vacant since June 8, 1861.
No election. 		None.
Tennessee 7 Vacant Seat vacant since June 8, 1861.
No election. 		None.
Tennessee 8 Vacant Seat vacant since June 8, 1861.
No election. 		None.

Texas

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Texas

Texas did not hold elections as a result of secession.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Texas 1 Vacant Seat vacant since February 1, 1861.
No election. 		None.
Texas 2 Vacant Seat vacant since February 1, 1861.
No election. 		None.
Texas 3 Vacant Seat vacant since February 1, 1861.
No election. 		None.
Texas 4 Vacant Seat vacant since February 1, 1861.
No election. 		None.

Utah Territory

[edit]

See non-voting delegates, below.

Vermont

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Vermont and 1862 United States Senate election in Vermont

Vermont elected its members on September 1, 1863, after the term began but before the Congress convened.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[43]
Vermont 1 E. P. Walton Republican 1856 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Vermont 2 Justin S. Morrill Republican 1854 Incumbent re-elected.
Vermont 3 Portus Baxter Republican 1860 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Portus Baxter (Republican) 70.96%
  • ▌ Giles Harrington (Democratic) 26.22%
  • ▌ George J. Stannard (Unknown) 2.38%
  • ▌ William Sewall (Unknown) 0.22%
  • ▌ J. H. Woodward (Unknown) 0.03%
  • Scattering 0.18%

Virginia

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Virginia

The Restored Government of Virginia held elections in three districts on May 28, 1863, after the term began but before Congress convened. The elected members were not seated by the House.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[22]
Virginia 1 Joseph Segar Union 1862 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Claimant not seated.
Union loss.
Virginia 2 Vacant Seat vacant since April 17, 1861.
Claimant not seated.
  • ▌Green tickY Lucius H. Chandler (Unknown) 100.00%
Virginia 3 Vacant Seat vacant since April 17, 1861.
Claimant not seated. 		None.
Virginia 4 Vacant Seat vacant since April 17, 1861.
Claimant not seated. 		None.
Virginia 5 Vacant Seat vacant since April 17, 1861.
Claimant not seated. 		None.
Virginia 6 Vacant Seat vacant since April 17, 1861.
Claimant not seated. 		None.
Virginia 7 Lewis McKenzie Union 1863 (special) Incumbent lost re-election.
Claimant not seated.
Union loss.
Virginia 8 Vacant Seat vacant since April 17, 1861.
No election. 		None.
Virginia 9 Vacant Seat vacant since April 17, 1861.
No election.
Seat transferred to West Virginia on June 20, 1863; see below. 		None.
Virginia 10 William G. Brown Sr. Union 1861 No election.
Union loss.
Seat transferred to West Virginia on June 20, 1863; see below. 		None.
Virginia 11 John S. Carlile Union 1861 No election.
Union loss.
Seat transferred to West Virginia on June 20, 1863; see below. 		None.

Washington Territory

[edit]

See non-voting delegates, below.

West Virginia

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from West Virginia and 1863 United States Senate elections in West Virginia

West Virginia elected its members on October 22, 1863, after the term began but before the Congress convened. The state and its congressional districts had formed part of Western Virginia before being admitted to the Union on June 20, 1863, with the consent of the Restored Government of Virginia. The West Virginian members were seated on December 7, 1863.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[22]
West Virginia 1 None (new seat) New seat.
Union gain.
West Virginia 2 None (new seat) New seat.
Union gain.
West Virginia 3 None (new seat) New seat.
Union gain.

Wisconsin

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Wisconsin

Wisconsin elected its members on November 4, 1862.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[16]
Wisconsin 1 John F. Potter Republican 1856 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Wisconsin 2 None (new seat) New seat.
Republican gain.
Wisconsin 3 A. Scott Sloan Republican 1860 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Wisconsin 4 None (new seat) New seat.
Democratic gain.
Wisconsin 5 None (new seat) New seat.
Democratic gain.
Wisconsin 6 Luther Hanchett
Redistricted from the 2nd district 		Republican 1860 Incumbent re-elected.
Incumbent died November 23, 1862, after winning re-election, leading to two special elections; see above.

Non-voting delegates

[edit]
See also: Non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives
District Incumbent This race
Delegate Party First elected Results Candidates[44]
Colorado Territory at-large Hiram P. Bennet Conservative Republican 1861 Incumbent re-elected with a new party.
Union gain.
Dakota Territory at-large John B. S. Todd Democratic 1861 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
Idaho Territory at-large None (new seat) New seat.
Union gain.
Nebraska Territory at-large Samuel G. Daily Republican 1859 Incumbent re-elected.
Nevada Territory at-large John Cradlebaugh Independent 1861 Incumbent retired.
Republican gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Gordon N. Mott (Republican) 42.34%
  • ▌ J. D. Winters (Democratic) 26.49%
  • ▌ J. H. Ralston (Unknown) 20.68%
  • ▌ J. J. Mussner (Unknown) 10.49%[47]
New Mexico Territory at-large John S. Watts Republican 1861 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Utah Territory at-large John M. Bernhisel Independent 1861 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
Washington Territory at-large William H. Wallace Republican 1861 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY George E. Cole (Democratic) 50.04%
  • ▌ J. O. Raynor (Republican) 45.03%
  • Scattering 3.93%

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Regular elections only; excluding specials and states admitted after the start of Congress.
  2. ^ a b Including late elections.
  3. ^ An additional 58 seats were vacant as a result of secession.[1]
  4. ^ As the Republican Party
  5. ^ Includes 1 Independent Democrat, James E. Kerrigan, elected from New York's 4th congressional district
  6. ^ Includes 1 Independent Unionist and 1 War Democrat
  7. ^ a b Includes all votes for Independents, Independent Democrats, Independent Unionists, Independent Union Democrats, Peace Democrats, and War Democrats
  8. ^ 8 Union Democrats, 1 Conservative Unionist, 1 Independent Unionist, 1 Unconditional Union Democrat, and 1 War Democrat were elected.
  9. ^ Not including rejected elections in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Virginia
  10. ^ Including
    • Outgoing: 108 Republicans, 15 Unionists, 1 People's
    • Incoming: 99 Republican-Unionists
  11. ^ Including
    • Outgoing: 9 Union Democrats, 4 Constitutional Unionists, 1 Southern Rights, 1 Union and Peace
    • Incoming: 8 Union Democrats, 1 Conservative Unionist, 1 Unconditional Union Democrat
  12. ^ Includes 1 War Democrat
  13. ^ Includes 1 Independent Unionist
  14. ^ Constitutional Unionist
  15. ^ 13 single-member districts and one at-large seat
  16. ^ In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform date for choosing presidential electors (see: Statutes at Large, 28th Congress, 2nd Session, p. 721). Congressional elections were unaffected by this law, but the date was gradually adopted by the states for congressional elections as well.
  17. ^ The incumbent Constitutional Unionist was re-elected as a Conservative Unionist.
  18. ^ Constitutional Unionists
  19. ^ 8 Union Democrats and 1 Unconditional Union Democrat
  20. ^ Southern Rights
  21. ^ Union and Peace
  22. ^ Three seats were subsequently transferred to the new state of West Virginia.
  23. ^ Dubin lists the Union candidates as Republicans; however, the Illinois Republican Party had reformed as the Union Party earlier in 1862.[24]
  24. ^ The incumbent Union Democrat John J. Crittenden died prior to the election.
  25. ^ The Republican incumbent Goldsmith Bailey died prior to the election.
  26. ^ Dubin lists Rollins as a Democrat;[27] however, Rollins's biographer clarifies that Rollins was elected as a Conservative Unionist and joined the Democratic Party toward the end of his term.[38]
  27. ^ Dubin lists the Union candidates as Republicans; however, the Pennsylvania People's Party, the state's Republican affiliate, had reformed as the Union Party earlier in 1862.[40]
  28. ^ Dubin lists Armstrong as a Democrat;[16] however, Armstrong was nominated by the Union Party in the 18th district to oppose Hale, who ran as an independent candidate.[41] Contemporary sources identify Armstrong as a Unionist and Hale as an Independent Unionist.[42]
  29. ^ a b "Judge Kinney is the newly elected Mormon Representative from Utah. [...] He ran last fall for Member of Congress in Nebraska Territory , on the Democratic ticket, and was beaten by Samuel G. Daley."[46]

References

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  1. ^ a b c Dubin 1998, p. 197.
  2. ^ "Electing the House of Representatives". University of Richmond. Retrieved June 17, 2023.
  3. ^ Silbey 1977, pp. 143–44.
  4. ^ McPherson 1988, pp. 557, 560.
  5. ^ Allardice 2011, p. 103.
  6. ^ Smith 2006, p. 58.
  7. ^ Hood 1978.
  8. ^ Baker 1973; Parrish 1971.
  9. ^ McPherson 1988, pp. 560–61.
  10. ^ Smith 2006, p. 57; Holt 1992, p. 38; Allardice 2011, p. 102.
  11. ^ Smith 2006, p. 41.
  12. ^ Parrish 1971, pp. 92–93; Emancipation Convention 1862, p. 5; Annual Cyclopaedia 1863, p. 595.
  13. ^ Holt 1992, p. 38.
  14. ^ McPherson 1988, p. 561.
  15. ^ Smith 2006, pp. 57–58.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i Dubin 1998, p. 195.
  17. ^ Clymer 2013.
  18. ^ 12 Stat. 353
  19. ^ 12 Stat. 633
  20. ^ 13 Stat. 32
  21. ^ Dubin 1998, p. 190.
  22. ^ a b c d e f Dubin 1998, p. 196.
  23. ^ a b c Dubin 1998, p. 193.
  24. ^ Holt 1992, p. 344.
  25. ^ Dubin 1998, pp. 193–94.
  26. ^ Ponce 2011, p. 163–64.
  27. ^ a b c d e f g Dubin 1998, p. 194.
  28. ^ Dubin 1998, p. 195; Hood 1978, pp. 197–215.
  29. ^ Smith 2006, pp. 62–63.
  30. ^ Harris 1917, pp. 64–65.
  31. ^ Anderson 2016, p. 100; Parrish 1963, p. 133; Emancipation Convention 1862, p. 5.
  32. ^ Parrish 1971, p. 93.
  33. ^ Annual Cyclopaedia 1863, p. 595.
  34. ^ Dubin 1998, p. 194; Greeley 1863, p. 62.
  35. ^ Parrish 1971, pp. 89–90.
  36. ^ Anderson 2016, p. 103; Evening Journal Almanac 1864, p. 51.
  37. ^ Dubin 1998, p. 194; Evening Journal Almanac 1864, p. 51.
  38. ^ Mering 1959, pp. 222–23.
  39. ^ Dubin 1998, pp. 194–95.
  40. ^ Nalty 2012, p. 149.
  41. ^ Linn 1883, pp. 136–37.
  42. ^ Evening Journal Almanac 1863, p. 71; Greeley 1863, p. 54.
  43. ^ Dubin 1998, p. 196; State of Vermont 2024.
  44. ^ Evening Journal Almanac 1863, p. 63; Evening Journal Almanac 1864, pp. 61–62.
  45. ^ "Election Returns". Boise News. November 10, 1863.
  46. ^ "An Old Time Democrat of Lee County". Daily Gate City. September 23, 1863.
  47. ^ Sources:
  48. ^ Greeley 1864, p. 67.

Bibliography

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Primary sources

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Secondary sources

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Further reading

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